現(xiàn)在完成時課件教學(xué)

1、Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時（一）一、現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞 have/has + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)為： 肯定句：主語 + have/has + 過去分詞 + 其他.I have seen this film. 否定句：主語 + have/has not + 過去分詞 + 其他.I have not seen this film. 一般疑問句：Have/Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主語 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.Have you seen the film? Yes, I have

2、. / No, I havent.和主語一致have not = havent; has not = hasnthave/has 常可縮略為 -ve/-s二、過去分詞的構(gòu)成1. 規(guī)則變化（與動詞過去式規(guī)則一樣，此類稱作規(guī)則動詞）一般在詞尾直接加 -ed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，加 -d以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，改y為i加-ed重讀閉音節(jié)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫這個輔音字母后加 -edworkworkedsliceslicedstudystudiedstopstopped-ed 的讀音規(guī)則： 在元音或濁輔音后讀 d，如 tried trad，lived lvd。 在清輔音后讀 t，如 worked

3、wkt，stopped stpt。 在td后讀d，如 mended mendd，wanted wntd。2. 不規(guī)則變化（此類稱作不規(guī)則動詞，有很多）原形（不定式）過去式過去分詞bewas/werebeenhavehadhadchoosechosechosenputputputrunranrun參看課本P136-137 Irregular Verbs（不規(guī)則動詞表）三、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和 just（剛剛），already（已經(jīng)），yet（還，仍然），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從未），before（以前），so far（到目前為止）

4、等連用。 Have you had your breakfast yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. Have you ever heard this song? No. Ive never heard it before.Julia has collected over 100 beautiful coins so far.現(xiàn)在完成時用法1：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。pastI had breakfast.Im not hungry now. presentI have already had breakfast.（早餐過去吃的，現(xiàn)

5、在不餓。）圖示法表示2. 現(xiàn)在完成時還可以表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“for + 時間段”或“since + 時間點(diǎn) / 從句”連用，這時要用延續(xù)性動詞。They have worked in this company for 30 years.He has been in the army since 2016.（錯：He has joined the army since 2016.）【特別提醒】如果要對 for 或 since 短語提問，疑問詞用 how long。 How long have you lived in this area? For at le

6、ast 10 years/since 10 years ago.現(xiàn)在完成時用法2：表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。圖示法表示past I moved here in 1990.I still live here. presentI have lived here for 30 years.(30年來一直生活在這里）四、already 與 yet 在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法解析yet常用于否定句或疑問句句末。用于表示某事尚未發(fā)生或某情形尚未出現(xiàn)，或用于詢問某事是否已經(jīng)發(fā)生。He hasnt finished the book yet.Have you seen him yet?alr

7、eady常用于肯定句中，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)某事已經(jīng)開始出現(xiàn)。They have already known each other.五、現(xiàn)在完成時 VS 一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，因此不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。I have already done my homework.（不能用last night等）Ive been to Paris before.（不能用last year等） 2.一般過去時只表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)?？梢院捅硎具^去的時間狀語連用。I did my homework last night.When did yo

8、u go to Paris? （when 一定不要和現(xiàn)在完成時連用）Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時（二）一、現(xiàn)在完成時中的 ever 和 never ever 的含義及用法ever 作副詞，意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句和疑問句中，位于助動詞 have/has 之后、過去分詞之前。Have you ever seen anything like it?你曾見過像它這樣的東西嗎?I dont think I have ever been here before. 我覺得我以前從未到過這里。 never 的含義及用法never 作副詞，意為“從不；從未”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，表示否定含義，位于助

9、動詞 have/has 之后、過去分詞之前。I have never lost the weight I put on in my teens.我在十幾歲時增加的體重從沒減下去過。have/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，暗含現(xiàn)在已不在那里了。后可接次數(shù)，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和 just，never，ever等連用。My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去過大連兩次。Have you ever been to the West Lake?你曾經(jīng)去過西湖嗎?have/has go

10、ne to 表示“去某地了”，暗含說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場。 Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里? He has gone to England.他去英國了。 (尚未回來)二、have/has been to 與 have/has gone to 的區(qū)別Exercises一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. Its ten years since we came here. How time flies! We _ in China for so long.A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked2.Today, all the erhu masters play

11、and praise Erquan Yingyue. It _ one of Chinas national treasures.A.becomes B. became C. has become D. become3.Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finishedDCD4. Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? In April. I _ it for

12、two months. A. have hadB. had C. have bought D. bought5. Has your sister finished reading _? Yes. She has_ finished.A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; yet D. already; alreadyAB二、用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.She _(not read) the book yet.2._ you _(decide) which book to buy yet?3.Tom wont go to the cinema wi

13、th us because he _ already _ (see) the film.4.David hasnt _(finish) _(read) Harry Potter yet.5.We _ just _(clean) the classroom.6.I _(lend) my bike to her yesterday, but she _ (not give) it back to me yet.hasnt readHavehasseenfinishedhavecleaneddecidedreadinglenthasnt given4.The three students have

14、been together for 3 hours/since 3 hours ago. (對畫線部分提問) _ _ have the three students been together?5.She has already gone to England. (改為否定句)ranceShe _ gone to England _.6.He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (對畫線部分提問)_ _ he come to school?How longhasntWhy hasntyetExercises一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. _ you ever _ t

15、he history museum, Paul? No, I havent.A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D.Had; visited2. Hi, Tom! _ you ever _ the Birds Nest? Yes, I have. Its fantastic.A. Have; been to B. Have; gone to C. Did; go to D.Do; go to3.He likes traveling and he_ many countries so far.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. would go toCAB4. Paris is a wonderful place. So it