現在完成時課件教學

1、Grammar現在完成時（一）一、現在完成時的基本結構現在完成時由“助動詞 have/has + 過去分詞”構成，其基本句式結構為： 肯定句：主語 + have/has + 過去分詞 + 其他.I have seen this film. 否定句：主語 + have/has not + 過去分詞 + 其他.I have not seen this film. 一般疑問句：Have/Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主語 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.Have you seen the film? Yes, I have

2、. / No, I havent.和主語一致have not = havent; has not = hasnthave/has 常可縮略為 -ve/-s二、過去分詞的構成1. 規(guī)則變化（與動詞過去式規(guī)則一樣，此類稱作規(guī)則動詞）一般在詞尾直接加 -ed以不發(fā)音的e結尾的，加 -d以“輔音字母+y”結尾的，改y為i加-ed重讀閉音節(jié)以一個輔音字母結尾的，雙寫這個輔音字母后加 -edworkworkedsliceslicedstudystudiedstopstopped-ed 的讀音規(guī)則： 在元音或濁輔音后讀 d，如 tried trad，lived lvd。 在清輔音后讀 t，如 worked

3、wkt，stopped stpt。 在td后讀d，如 mended mendd，wanted wntd。2. 不規(guī)則變化（此類稱作不規(guī)則動詞，有很多）原形（不定式）過去式過去分詞bewas/werebeenhavehadhadchoosechosechosenputputputrunranrun參看課本P136-137 Irregular Verbs（不規(guī)則動詞表）三、現在完成時的用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。常和 just（剛剛），already（已經），yet（還，仍然），ever（曾經），never（從未），before（以前），so far（到目前為止）

4、等連用。 Have you had your breakfast yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. Have you ever heard this song? No. Ive never heard it before.Julia has collected over 100 beautiful coins so far.現在完成時用法1：表示過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。pastI had breakfast.Im not hungry now. presentI have already had breakfast.（早餐過去吃的，現

5、在不餓。）圖示法表示2. 現在完成時還可以表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“for + 時間段”或“since + 時間點 / 從句”連用，這時要用延續(xù)性動詞。They have worked in this company for 30 years.He has been in the army since 2016.（錯：He has joined the army since 2016.）【特別提醒】如果要對 for 或 since 短語提問，疑問詞用 how long。 How long have you lived in this area? For at le

6、ast 10 years/since 10 years ago.現在完成時用法2：表示過去某一時間開始并一直持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)。圖示法表示past I moved here in 1990.I still live here. presentI have lived here for 30 years.(30年來一直生活在這里）四、already 與 yet 在現在完成時中的用法解析yet常用于否定句或疑問句句末。用于表示某事尚未發(fā)生或某情形尚未出現，或用于詢問某事是否已經發(fā)生。He hasnt finished the book yet.Have you seen him yet?alr

7、eady常用于肯定句中，用于強調某事已經開始出現。They have already known each other.五、現在完成時 VS 一般過去時現在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現在的情況，因此不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。I have already done my homework.（不能用last night等）Ive been to Paris before.（不能用last year等） 2.一般過去時只表示過去的動作和狀態(tài)，與現在無關?？梢院捅硎具^去的時間狀語連用。I did my homework last night.When did yo

8、u go to Paris? （when 一定不要和現在完成時連用）Grammar現在完成時（二）一、現在完成時中的 ever 和 never ever 的含義及用法ever 作副詞，意為“曾經”，常用于現在完成時的否定句和疑問句中，位于助動詞 have/has 之后、過去分詞之前。Have you ever seen anything like it?你曾見過像它這樣的東西嗎?I dont think I have ever been here before. 我覺得我以前從未到過這里。 never 的含義及用法never 作副詞，意為“從不；從未”，常用于現在完成時中，表示否定含義，位于助

9、動詞 have/has 之后、過去分詞之前。I have never lost the weight I put on in my teens.我在十幾歲時增加的體重從沒減下去過。have/has been to 表示“曾經去過某地”，暗含現在已不在那里了。后可接次數，如 once, twice, three times 等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和 just，never，ever等連用。My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去過大連兩次。Have you ever been to the West Lake?你曾經去過西湖嗎?have/has go

10、ne to 表示“去某地了”，暗含說話時該人不在現場。 Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里? He has gone to England.他去英國了。 (尚未回來)二、have/has been to 與 have/has gone to 的區(qū)別Exercises一、單項選擇。1. Its ten years since we came here. How time flies! We _ in China for so long.A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked2.Today, all the erhu masters play

11、and praise Erquan Yingyue. It _ one of Chinas national treasures.A.becomes B. became C. has become D. become3.Miss Brown, we _ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finishedDCD4. Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? In April. I _ it for

12、two months. A. have hadB. had C. have bought D. bought5. Has your sister finished reading _? Yes. She has_ finished.A. yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; yet D. already; alreadyAB二、用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.She _(not read) the book yet.2._ you _(decide) which book to buy yet?3.Tom wont go to the cinema wi

13、th us because he _ already _ (see) the film.4.David hasnt _(finish) _(read) Harry Potter yet.5.We _ just _(clean) the classroom.6.I _(lend) my bike to her yesterday, but she _ (not give) it back to me yet.hasnt readHavehasseenfinishedhavecleaneddecidedreadinglenthasnt given4.The three students have

14、been together for 3 hours/since 3 hours ago. (對畫線部分提問) _ _ have the three students been together?5.She has already gone to England. (改為否定句)ranceShe _ gone to England _.6.He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (對畫線部分提問)_ _ he come to school?How longhasntWhy hasntyetExercises一、單項選擇。1. _ you ever _ t

15、he history museum, Paul? No, I havent.A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D.Had; visited2. Hi, Tom! _ you ever _ the Birds Nest? Yes, I have. Its fantastic.A. Have; been to B. Have; gone to C. Did; go to D.Do; go to3.He likes traveling and he_ many countries so far.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. would go toCAB4. Paris is a wonderful place. So it