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1、(最新整理)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞使用的區(qū)別2021/7/261 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞使用的區(qū)別2021/7/262在句子中作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),并作句子成分。 定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句,因形容詞定語(yǔ),所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。定語(yǔ)從句的位置:通常在先行詞(在主句中)后。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ)),that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)), whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))where (地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why (原因狀語(yǔ))2021/7/263

2、如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞一2021/7/2641、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。 用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me the reason _

3、 (you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.)_where2021/7/2652、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ),確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物 動(dòng)詞,如是,用關(guān)系代詞,如不是,用關(guān)系副詞。 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).

4、_wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which /that _Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen2021/7/2663、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),有主語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞??梢詺w到第一條Kun

5、ming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.which that2021/7/267定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞的使用二2021/7/2681.定語(yǔ)從句中

6、關(guān)系副詞有: when, where, why 2.關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成份: 關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都作狀語(yǔ)。 when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);where 作地點(diǎn)狀 語(yǔ);why 作原因狀語(yǔ)。如:2021/7/269He remember the day when his father died. I went back to the place where I was born and grew up. Please give me the reason why you were late this time. when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),意為 on the daywhere 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),意為in th

7、e placewhy作原因狀語(yǔ),意為for the reason2021/7/2610 3. 并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when, where, why,若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ),而是作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),就必須用which或that。 如: We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)2021/7/2611比較: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. wh

8、en在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us. 比較: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.2021/7/2612This is the house (which/that ) he used to live in.This is the house in which / where he used to live.I know of a place (which /that ) we can swim in.

9、I know of a place in which / where we can swim.關(guān)系副詞 where2021/7/2613(1)This is the factory _ I visited last year. (2)This is the factory _ I worked last year. (3)This is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose2021/7/2614(1)和(3)選B. which。(2)選A. where。做這種題時(shí),要看先行

10、詞與定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系;(1)中是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即I visited the factory,因此選which。(2)中factory應(yīng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),即:I worked in the factory,因此選where。(3)中是作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),不作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),因此選which。2021/7/2615Theyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.when= on whichwhen= on whi

11、ch關(guān)系副詞 when2021/7/2616試比較: Do you still remember the day _ we spent happily together? Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?(which/ that)whenwhen2021/7/2617(4)I will never forget the day _ we spent toge

12、ther. (5)I will never forget the day _we worked together. A. which B. when C. where D. what2021/7/2618(4)選A. which。(5)選B. when2021/7/2619why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于“介詞for+ 關(guān)系代詞(which)”。如:Do you know the reason why she was late?It rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.關(guān)系副詞 why2021/7/2620關(guān)系副詞when

13、, where, why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如:when=in/on/at/during+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 總結(jié)2021/7/2621介詞的位置三2021/7/2622介詞的位置非常靈活,有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前,有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3.

14、I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 2021/7/2623關(guān)系代詞的省略(口語(yǔ)中)四2021/7/2624介詞后置時(shí),關(guān)系代詞還可以省去,特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如:Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke.

15、 2021/7/2625是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?五2021/7/2626The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).wh

16、ere/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.結(jié)論:只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。2021/7/2627找準(zhǔn)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞六2021/7/2628定語(yǔ)從句必須有先行詞,否則就不是定語(yǔ)從句。 誤:Is this farm we visited last week? 該句中定語(yǔ)從句就缺少先行詞,將句子還原為陳述句:This f

17、arm is _ we visited last week.顯然應(yīng)加上the one作先行詞。 正:Is this farm the one we visited last week? 當(dāng)然,這句話改為下面這種形式也是正確的: Is this the farm we visited last week? 2021/7/2629(6)Is this library _ you often read in? (7)Is this the library _ you often read in? A. the one B. in which C. where D. which2021/7/2630(

18、6)選A. the one。(7)選D. which。做這種題時(shí),應(yīng)該先把原句子變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌海?)為:This library is _ you often read in. 此句缺先行詞,需要加上,因此選A. the one。(7)為:This is the library _ you often read in. 此題關(guān)系詞作read in的賓語(yǔ),故選D. which。2021/7/2631(8)This is the reason _ he was absent. (9)This is the reason _ can explain his absence. A. which B. w

19、hy C. when D. in which2021/7/2632(8)選B. why,相當(dāng)于for which,作原因狀語(yǔ)。(9)選A. which,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2021/7/2633介詞的選用原則七2021/7/2634preposition + relative pronouns1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The pen which he is writing with now was bought yesterday.3. The gas which we can not live

20、 without is called oxygen.The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygenThe person _ you should write is Mr. Ball. to whom with which without which2021/7/2635根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭 配來(lái)決定。如:This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. This is the book for which I pai

21、d 8 yuan. spend money on sth.為固定搭配pay money for sth.為固定搭配2021/7/26362)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來(lái)決定。如:I remember the day on which I joined the League. I remember the days during which I lived here. I remember the month in which I stayed there.強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時(shí)間內(nèi)要用介詞during在month前介詞要用in2021/7/26373) 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏

22、輯關(guān)系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?4) 根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure?2021/7/26384. 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介 詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。如:This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. 這是我正在找的手表。 This

23、 is the watch for which I am looking.正誤2021/7/2639The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.正誤2021/7/26405.以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從 句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo),而且 通常可以省略。如: The way (that / in which ) he

24、 answered the questions was surprising. 他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人驚奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ -) you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。2021/7/26416. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前或后還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如:He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母,他

25、們倆待他 都很好。2021/7/2642In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad. 籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果,有些已經(jīng)壞了。There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. 我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生,大多數(shù)來(lái)自大 城市。2021/7/2643Up to now, he has written ten stories, three o

26、f which (=of which three) are about country life. 迄今為止,他寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō),其中 部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。2021/7/2644Have you met the person _ he was speaking?He is the man _ you can turn for help. The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be.This is the tree _ we used to play games.The pen _ he is writing now wa

27、s bought yesterday.The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.More examples about whom to whom on which under which with which without which2021/7/2645whose八2021/7/2646whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型,如:e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens t

28、o the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.2021/7/2647Use a preposition and a relative pronoun, whom/which, to complete the following sentences.The book _ I heard was written twenty years ago.The people _ the man spoke werent listening.The film _ I fell asleep was very b

29、oring.The pen _ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET.The gun _ he was shot was never found. about whichto whomduring whichwith whichin whichwith which2021/7/2648填空:1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi.2. He is a teacher _ I li

30、ke very much.3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.4. Those _will go to the park stay here.5. That was all the money _I had.whose (whom/that/who)which/that whothat2021/7/26496. Tom is the first boy _left the room.7. Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.8. You can read any book _

31、I have.9. That was the year _I went to America.10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.thatthatthatwhenwhere2021/7/2650This is the place _ I stayed for two days.The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on TV.The factory _ he worked has been pulled down.The factory _ we are going to visi

32、t produces watches.The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one.The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythat2021/7/2651練習(xí)題1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2021/7/26522、Is this factory _ we visited

33、last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD2021/7/26533、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC2021/7/26544、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD2021/7/26555、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD

34、、the oneA2021/7/26566、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB2021/7/26577、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB2021/7/26588、Let me think of a proper situation _ this

35、sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA2021/7/26599、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB2021/7/266010、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; w

36、hichD、which; thatC2021/7/266111、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB2021/7/266215、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D2021/7/266316、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC2021/7/266418、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC2021/7/266519、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB

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