英語十大詞性分類及用法附加練習(xí)剖析

1、英語十大詞性分類及用法附加練習(xí)剖析詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性，英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。 treedogwindow表示_、_以及_名字的詞。一、名詞人事物抽象概念1. Frank is a boy.2. My sister is a pupil.3. Look at these birds.He is seven. She is beautiful. I like the blue one.名詞的概念名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞 . 專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名詞是一類人或

2、東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)可以計(jì)數(shù)的一般為可數(shù)名詞，如：a student, two students不可以計(jì)數(shù)的一般為不可數(shù)名詞,如：milk，rice，air,snow,rain,education,honesty 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1) 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes to

3、matotomatoes2) 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1）通過內(nèi)部元音變換：child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women2）單復(fù)同形如：deer，sheep，

4、fish，Chinese，Japanese 3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。news 是不可

5、數(shù)名詞。 名詞的格1.s所有格單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，加s如：mothers bags, childrens rooms,womens clothes以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加girls toys, Teachers Day并列名詞表各自所有關(guān)系時，在各個名詞后加s,如 Marys and Bobs books如果只在最后一個名詞之后加s, 則表示兩人共有的書，Mary and Bobs book名詞的格2.of 所有格名詞屬格和of 所有格都可表示所有關(guān)系the eyes of cats= cats eyesthe room of the children=the childrens

6、room但當(dāng)名詞屬格表示類別和屬性時，不可用of 男士服裝mens clothing，a doctors degree當(dāng)名詞詞組是由“定冠詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成，如the rich,只能用of ,the income of the richof 詞組表示同位關(guān)系，不能用名詞屬格the city of Rome, the town of Bremenpracticeflowerflowers找規(guī)律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesboxesNOUN.practice找規(guī)律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.不規(guī)則變化child-children

7、woman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geeseNOUN. 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004長春） A.people B

8、. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes 典型例題解析 C C A A BNOUN.根據(jù)所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (i

9、dea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! T

10、he are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy) ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvege

11、tablesminutesLucysNOUN.十大詞性二、代詞1.概念：代詞是代替_的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：noun3.英文縮寫：名詞代詞代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。 請用n. pron.標(biāo)注出下列單詞的詞性grandpa it she skirt teacher he pen kite this book we that brotheryou school I chair sun 一、人稱代詞是表示“我”、“你”、“他

12、”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化 通常，主格作主語,賓格作賓語通常，當(dāng)單數(shù)的主格作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)的的主格作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg. He is my friend. Its me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?二、 物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表, 形容詞性物主代詞=形容詞，位于名詞的前面名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性

13、物主代詞+名詞，之后不接名詞。Eg. I like his car. Our school is here and theirs is there.This is your picture. And that is mine.三、 指示代詞表示那個、這個、這些、那些等指示概念的代詞。Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.四、自身代詞，也稱為反身代詞表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我們自己、你們自己和他們自己等的代詞。反身代詞的用法1. 用作同位語(加強(qiáng)被修飾詞的語氣，緊放在被修

14、飾名詞后, 或句末)：The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself.2. 用作賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)：Take good care of yourself.3. 用作表語The poor boy was myself.五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有each other 和one another兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒什么區(qū)別。 We should love each other.Tom and Betty are friends, so they always help each other. Our students

15、learn one another.eg. I want something hot. Do you need some coffee? There is nothing good. All of you are students.六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，every-，no-加上body，one，thing的合成代詞，如anybody， something，no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語七、 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose

16、，what和which等。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句）What are you?Who is his coat?Whose bag is this?Which do you prefer? The blue one or the white one?Could you tell me what is his name?Mother asked which one I wanted.八、 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定

17、語等；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞（通稱為先行詞）。 He is the man whom you have been looking for. I hope I can find a job that I can devote myself to.This is the book whose covering is old.That is the same food as you want. 1.He shouted louder to the runners, but he still couldnt make _ heard. A. him B. himsel

18、f C. them D. themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river. A. every B. both C. either D. all 3.She has three good friends. One is a doctor; _ are teachers of Chinese. A. another B. the other two C. other D. others 4.Before handing in your compositions, please correct the mistakes

19、 in each line if_. A. so B. no C. any D. some Exercises B B B C1._(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor. _(她) is a teacher.2.This is_ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen. 4._(他們的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to_(我).6. People get _(他們的) money from_(我).7._(他們) are new student

20、s. _(他們的) names are Lucy and Lily.8. These are _(我們的) shoes. Can _(我們) wear _(它們).9Thank _ for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _（她）, and _(她) loves _（他）,too.11. _(我) love _（你）, and _(你) love _（我），too. IYou my his She Theirtheirme itThey Their me our me them we He your you you you her I him she十大詞性三、形容詞1.

21、概念：形容詞是修飾和形容_和_的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：adjective3.英文縮寫：adj.名詞代詞clever girl clean one good boybeautiful room long nose happy facepurple grape fine day blue cat找出短語中的n. pron. adj.闖關(guān)2形容詞 用來表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞稱為形容詞。 注意：1.有些形容詞只能作表語，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： The old man is alone. 2. 形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothi

22、ng, everything等不定代詞，要 放在這些詞的后面。 Youd better tell us something interesting.形容詞在句子中的位置作定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞前。 a big yellow wooden wheel .作表語時放在連系動詞之后。The price sounds reasonable.作賓語補(bǔ)足語時放在賓語之后。 We must try our best to keep our environment clean. 后置的情況：修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在代詞之后。 Something serious has happened

23、 to him.與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時形容詞后置。 Hes 1.8 metres tall.注意：一. 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1）friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。2）有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.二. 用形容詞表示類別和整體 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：

24、the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry 三. 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別-名詞 a small round table；a tall gray building；a dirty old brown shirt；a famous German medical school四. 副詞1.概念：用來修飾_、_、_以及_的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：adv.adverb動詞形容詞其他副詞全句3.英文縮寫：副詞副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞、連詞等單

25、詞或短語,以說明動作性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的特征的詞 一、副詞的位置 在許多情況下，副詞都放在所修飾的動詞后面或句末。 The girl dances very well. 2.有時也放在主語后面，謂語動詞前面(對動作加以強(qiáng)調(diào))。 He angrily closed the door. 3.句中的副詞如碰上助動詞，be動詞，則通常放在助動詞，be動詞之后，實(shí)義動詞之前 We have already read the book. 二.副詞的分類1、 時間和頻度副詞: now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, a

26、lready, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday. 2、 地點(diǎn)副詞: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , ar

27、ound, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3、方式副詞: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4、 程度副詞，放在被修飾詞之前: much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly. 5、 疑問副詞： how, when, wh

28、ere, why. 6、關(guān)系副詞： when, where, why. 7、連接副詞: how, when, where, why, whether. 三、副詞的排列順序1） 時間，地點(diǎn)副詞：小在前，大在后。2)yo方式副詞，短在前，長在后，并用and或but Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時間副詞。 The children played games very quietly in their room by themselves yesterday。注意：1 副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。 改錯

29、：(錯) I very like English. (對) I like English very much.注意： 2副詞enough放形容詞后，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 十大詞性五、動詞1.概念：表示_和_的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：verb3.英文縮寫：v.動作狀態(tài)jump 跳run 跑I am a teacher.She is a student.You ar

30、e a boy.動作amisare狀態(tài)GameFind verb in the following phrase.ride a bike fly a kite make a cake color the dog clean the road follow the nurse動詞的分類1 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為行為動詞（實(shí)義動詞）、系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四類，有些動詞是兼類詞。如：We have lunch at 12. I am hungry. She didnt know him. You can swim. 系動詞作為系動詞，有些不具詞義；有些具有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必

31、須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。1）狀態(tài)系動詞只有be一詞2）持續(xù)系動詞keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,3）表像系動詞seem, appear, look4）感官系動詞feel, smell, sound, taste 5）變化系動詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 6）終止系動詞prove, turn out, 表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意 助動詞最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 1) 助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使

32、用 2) 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，a. 表示時態(tài)，He has got married. b. 表示語態(tài)，He was sent to England. c. 構(gòu)成疑問句，Do you like college life? d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，I dont like him. e. 加強(qiáng)語氣，He did know that. 情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，但要與動詞原形一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。只做情態(tài)動詞： must, can (could), may (might), shall (should

33、), will (would)可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實(shí)義動詞： need, dare具有情態(tài)動詞特征： have (had, has) to, used to實(shí)義動詞實(shí)義動詞意思完全，能獨(dú)立用作謂語。實(shí)義動詞有及物動詞和不及物動詞（及物動詞是指后面要求有直接賓語的動詞；不及物動詞指后面不需要跟賓語的動詞）Think, play, drive等動詞有五種形態(tài)分別是：原形（Original Form）、第三人稱單數(shù)形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、過去式（Past Form）、過去分詞（Past Participle）、現(xiàn)在分詞（Present Participl

34、e）。十大詞性六. 數(shù)詞1.概念：表示_和_的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：numeral3.英文縮寫：num.數(shù)量多少先后順序數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。) 一、基數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法二、序數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式： first1stsecond2ndthirty-first31st基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：a. 與of 短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連 用，如 hundreds of people 指許多人；b.在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡竭_(dá)了。

35、c. 表示幾十歲； d. 表示年代，用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；e. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.數(shù)詞的用法 1）表示倍數(shù) once， twice， three times2）表示分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)： 1/3 one third ； 3/7 three sevenths.十大詞性七. 介詞1.概念：表示_、_、_之間關(guān)系的詞。2.英文表達(dá)：preposition3.英文縮寫：prep.人與人事物與事物人與事物Emma is beside

36、 Cassie. besideI am in the room.人與人The pen is on the table.事物與事物人與事物onin介詞分類按結(jié)構(gòu)英語介詞可分為2類： 1簡單介詞（約有70個），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2短語介詞，指多個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如，in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。 1.表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞 at ,in, on, to, above, over, below, under, in front of, in

37、the front of, beside，behind 2.表示時間的介詞in , on，at, after, from, since, 時間名詞前介詞用法口訣 年前周前要用in , 具體日子要用on , 遇到幾號也用on ,上午下午得是in , 要說某日上下午 用on換in記清楚 , 午夜黃昏用at ,黎明用它也不錯 ,at用在時分前 ,說“差”可要用上to ,說過要用past 表示運(yùn)動方向的介詞：across, through 4.表示“在之間”的介詞：表示“在之間”的介詞在英語中屬于方位介詞，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up be

38、tween, among 十大詞性八 . 連詞1.概念：連詞是連接_、_、_的詞2.英文表達(dá)：conjunction3.英文縮寫：conj.單詞與單詞短語與短語句子與句子blue and red stand up and sit downI like apples, but my mother likes bananas.andandbut短語與短語單詞與單詞句子與句子英語詞性解析-連詞連詞不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, （and）then等等。冠冠詞是誰的帽子呢？十大詞性九. 冠詞1.概念：冠詞是_的帽子。2.英文表達(dá)：article3.英文縮寫：art.名詞a bookan orangethe moon冠詞是名詞的帽子。冠詞有三大類a an the不定冠詞a/an只用