商務(wù)語(yǔ)篇翻譯中的銜接與連貫解析課件

1、第十三單元商務(wù)語(yǔ)篇翻譯中的銜接與連貫(Cohesion and coherence) 語(yǔ)篇中的銜接 一、 什么是語(yǔ)篇的銜接？ 語(yǔ)篇中的銜接 一、 什么是語(yǔ)篇的銜接？ Cohesion refers to the structural and/or semantic relationships holding between the different elements of a text. For example: A: Paris? B: They ve always wanted to go there. The link (called anaphora/reference照應(yīng)) is

2、between Paris and there. 銜接手段在語(yǔ)篇中發(fā)揮著重要的紐帶作用，各種銜接手段在解讀原語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇、構(gòu)建譯文語(yǔ)篇連貫的過(guò)程中起著積極的導(dǎo)向作用。二、銜接手段 包括：語(yǔ)法銜接（grammatical cohesion)和詞匯銜接（lexical cohesion)1. grammatical cohesion （語(yǔ)法銜接) Halliday and Hasan (1976)identify four major devices with which to achieve grammatical cohesion, that is, reference, substitution,

3、 ellipsis, conjunction.1.1. Reference / anaphora （照應(yīng)）For example: The manager likes ice-cream and he has always an appetite for it. 1. 2 Substitution 譯例： A: Will we get there on time？ B: I think so. 甲：我們能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)嗎？ 乙：我想能.1. 3 Ellipsis Its effect is “to create cohesion by leaving out what can be taken ov

4、er from preceding discourse”(Halliday and Hasan)Example: Because Mary has dusted the furniture, Alice wont (dust the furniture)1.4. Conjunction the four most frequent categories of “connectives” :Logical sequence: thus, therefore, then, thence, consequently, so(2) Contrast: however, in fact, convers

5、ely(3) Non-contrast: moreover, likewise, similarly(4) Expansion: for example, in particular2. 詞匯銜接（lexical cohesion)主要通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的同現(xiàn)和詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)現(xiàn)（repetition）來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)?！霸~語(yǔ)的同現(xiàn)”：指類(lèi)義詞語(yǔ)（在意義或邏輯上屬于同一種類(lèi)的詞, 如同義詞）和相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，使語(yǔ)句前后連接，構(gòu)成銜接話語(yǔ)。例如： Horners is a familiar name on the UKs high streets, operating from 32 department stores

6、 situated either in prime city center location or out of town retail parks. Although some competitors have successfully branched out into gourmet ready-to-eat foods or experimented with financial services, Horners has chosen to specialize in the clothing, accessories and home product markets. By off

7、ering a range of competitively-priced merchandise of a high standard to its customers, Horners has become one of the countrys favourite department stores. 分析：原文通過(guò)信息的有序排列和銜接，使語(yǔ)篇的語(yǔ)意連貫、文意清晰。在翻譯中，認(rèn)清語(yǔ)篇中的各種銜接紐帶，是建立譯文語(yǔ)篇連貫的第一步。 銜接手段的應(yīng)用：照應(yīng)、連接詞although、Horners 和 department store 的復(fù)現(xiàn)、 同義詞 high streets 和city ce

8、ntre locations等譯文： 霍納斯百貨連鎖是英國(guó)商業(yè)大街上一個(gè)家喻戶(hù)曉的名字，它擁有32家百貨商店，均位于市中心的重要地段或郊外的零售園區(qū)。雖然有些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手成功地拓展了業(yè)務(wù)，進(jìn)而銷(xiāo)售各類(lèi)美味即食食品或提供各種金融服務(wù)，但是霍納斯百貨連鎖則專(zhuān)門(mén)瞄準(zhǔn)服裝、飾品以及家庭用品市場(chǎng)?；艏{斯通過(guò)向顧客提供各種質(zhì)高價(jià)優(yōu)的商品，已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)最受歡迎的百貨公司之一。 語(yǔ)篇中的連貫一、 What is coherence? 語(yǔ)篇中的連貫一、 What is coherence? A text hangs together primarily because it has coherence, or to

9、 put it differently, because we perceive what is said in the text as a meaningful whole. There can be no cohesion without coherence, but there can be coherence without cohesion. For example： Wife( in the bedroom): Theres the doorbell. Husband (in the study): Im checking my e-mail. Wife: Okay. 語(yǔ)篇的連貫指

10、的是語(yǔ)篇中語(yǔ)義上的相互關(guān)聯(lián)。連貫存在于語(yǔ)篇的深層，體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)篇中各個(gè)成分之間的邏輯關(guān)系，也體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)篇作者的交際意圖和預(yù)期的語(yǔ)篇功能。二、譯文銜接、連貫的重構(gòu) 英語(yǔ)通常需要邏輯詞，將潛在的邏輯關(guān)系表面化，而漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句中很多時(shí)候沒(méi)有邏輯標(biāo)記，讀者自己可以領(lǐng)會(huì)其中的邏輯關(guān)系。 Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and promote the living standards of the people. Therefore, we must reform the old economic system so as to

11、further liberate productive forces. Moreover, we should be open to the outside world so that we can learn advanced science and technology from other countries. And we can be sure to turn China into a powerful socialist country so long as we stick to the reform and opening policy.當(dāng)前最重要的任務(wù)是發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)，提高人民

12、生活水平。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，我們必須改革舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，進(jìn)一步解放生產(chǎn)力；我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向世界敞開(kāi)大門(mén)，學(xué)習(xí)其他國(guó)家的先進(jìn)的科學(xué)和技術(shù)。只要我們堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放政策，就一定能把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。 翻譯練習(xí) Stock and share certificates are evidence of your stake in a company. In case of “Gilts”, you have lent money to the government by buying government stock. They are important documents that should

13、 be kept carefully, but they are not “useful” in the senses the foodstuffs or raw materials for industry.股票和證券是你在一家公司里投資的憑據(jù)，如果是“金邊債券”，就證明你通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)政府債券，把錢(qián)借給了政府。這些證券是重要的憑據(jù)，應(yīng)該妥善保存，但是這些憑據(jù)并不像糧食或工業(yè)原料那樣“拿來(lái)就能用”。翻譯練習(xí) Bluewater is a symbol of retail excellence, achieved through a unique combination of design, ret

14、ail mix, leisure, catering and hospitality. The center, surrounded by parkland, is situated in the countrys most affluent region. Eleven million people, with a combined spending power predicted to exceed a record 5.5 bn, live within 60 minutes of the center.譯文： 布魯沃特購(gòu)物中心集非凡的設(shè)計(jì)、零售組合、休閑、餐飲以及交際休閑為一體，成為零

15、售業(yè)的卓越象征。該中心位于國(guó)內(nèi)最富足的地區(qū)，公共綠地環(huán)繞四周。1,100萬(wàn)人口居住在離該中心只有60分鐘的路程內(nèi)，預(yù)計(jì)綜合購(gòu)買(mǎi)力超過(guò)前所未有的55億英鎊。 段落層面上的連貫調(diào)整 I think there are at least two differences in the way of business communication between Chinese and American businessmen. First, Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner

16、, as opposed to the more direct manner of American businessmen. The Chinese take time to learn if their prospective business contacts are really liable, for example, by inviting them to a party and socializing with them. In contrast, the Americans act with the “get-down-to-business-first” mentality.

17、 譯文Second, the decision-making process of Chinese companies is generally slow and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the “bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up” decision making principle which involves many people at different levels. American companies, on the othe

18、r hand, usually operate with quick decisions made by the top management. I hope American businessmen in China will understand these differences and adjust to the Chinese way. 譯文I think there are at least two differences in the way of business communication between Chinese and American businessmen. F

19、irst, Chinese businessmen tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct manner of American businessmen. The Chinese take time to learn if their prospective business contacts are really liable, for example, by inviting them to a party and socializing wi

20、th them. In contrast, the Americans act with the “get-down-to-business-first” mentality.我認(rèn)為中美兩國(guó)在商務(wù)溝通上至少有兩點(diǎn)不同。首先，中國(guó)人在商務(wù)談判時(shí)傾向于是由一種迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)的方式，而美國(guó)人則表現(xiàn)出一種直截了當(dāng)?shù)淖黠L(fēng)。中國(guó)人會(huì)花時(shí)間來(lái)了解他們將要與之打交道的生意人是否靠得住，例如邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方參加宴會(huì)，同他們交際。與之相反，美國(guó)人則以“公務(wù)為先”的心態(tài)行事。backSecond, the decision-making process of Chinese companies is generally slow

21、 and time-consuming. This is because most Chinese companies keep to the “bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up” decision making principle which involves many people at different levels. American companies, on the other hand, usually operate with quick decisions made by the top management. I ho

22、pe American businessmen in China will understand these differences and adjust to the Chinese way.其次，中國(guó)公司的決策過(guò)程耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)。這是因?yàn)榇蟛糠种袊?guó)公司遵循一個(gè)“先從下到上，然后從上到下，然后再?gòu)南碌缴稀钡臎Q策原則，各個(gè)層次的許多人士都介入決策過(guò)程。而美國(guó)公司通常則是經(jīng)由最高管理人士的快速?zèng)Q策來(lái)運(yùn)作的。我希望在華的美國(guó)生意人理解這些商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的差異，適應(yīng)中國(guó)人的經(jīng)營(yíng)之道。back第十四單元商務(wù)信函語(yǔ)篇的翻譯（Translation of Business Letters） 商務(wù)信函（business

23、 letters）是商務(wù)活動(dòng)中書(shū)面交流信息的主要手段之一，是商業(yè)貿(mào)易往來(lái)所使用的通信形式。是企業(yè)對(duì)外公共宣傳關(guān)系中重要的手段，對(duì)于樹(shù)立良好的公司形象有著極為重要的意義。一、Definition of business letters二、Classification of business letters 通常會(huì)有以下兩種分類(lèi)方式：（一）以信息功能為主1. 建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系函（cooperation intention） 介紹己方如何獲得對(duì)方公司的信息，并表達(dá)與對(duì)方建立業(yè)務(wù)的愿望。語(yǔ)言言簡(jiǎn)意賅、情真意切、禮貌得體，以留下深刻印象，為合作打好基礎(chǔ)。2. 產(chǎn)品推銷(xiāo)函（promotion） 引起對(duì)方對(duì)產(chǎn)品

24、的興趣，激發(fā)對(duì)方購(gòu)買(mǎi)欲望。3. 資信查詢(xún)函（credit inquiry） 查詢(xún)買(mǎi)方信用情況和業(yè)務(wù)能力。語(yǔ)氣需委婉，避免對(duì)方產(chǎn)生不被信任感。4. 詢(xún)盤(pán)函（inquiry） 讓對(duì)方提供產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)相關(guān)信息。5. 發(fā)盤(pán)還盤(pán)函（offer and counter-offer） 即報(bào)盤(pán)，向?qū)Ψ綀?bào)價(jià)，通常附上報(bào)價(jià)單（quotation）。6. 訂購(gòu)函（purchase） 買(mǎi)方收到報(bào)盤(pán)函后，若認(rèn)為賣(mài)方的商品及價(jià)格合適，確定購(gòu)買(mǎi)，就寫(xiě)一份正式訂單給賣(mài)方，即訂購(gòu)函。7.裝運(yùn)通知函（shipment） 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方達(dá)成交易后，賣(mài)方按合同在規(guī)定期限將貨物交運(yùn)對(duì)方。貨物已經(jīng)裝船、車(chē)或飛機(jī)，賣(mài)方應(yīng)通過(guò)信函通知對(duì)方。8.支付

25、結(jié)算函（ payment ） 買(mǎi)方收到貨物后辦理付款事宜，包括匯款(remittance) 、托收(collection 是出口人在貨物裝運(yùn)后，開(kāi)具以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票，委托出口地銀行通過(guò)它在進(jìn)口地的分行或代理行代出口人收取貨款一種結(jié)算方式。 )和信用證(letter of credit)三種。無(wú)論哪種，買(mǎi)方以信函形式通知賣(mài)方。9. 索賠函（claim） 交易中任何一方遭受損失向?qū)Ψ教岢鲑r償要求的信函。10. 保險(xiǎn)函（insurance）保證可能的損失得到及時(shí)賠付，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)保險(xiǎn)。（二）以表情功能為主1. 感謝信2. 祝賀信3. 道歉信3. 慰問(wèn)信 三、商務(wù)信函的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)1. 信頭 （He

26、ading）包括寄信人的地址和日期2. 信內(nèi)地址（Inside address）即收信人的地址3. 文檔號(hào)（Reference）如：Our ref:WFX/SQ4. 收函方主辦人或主要負(fù)責(zé)人如：Attention: The Sales Manager 或To: The Sales Manager5. 稱(chēng)呼（Salutation）6. 事由標(biāo)題（Caption/Subject）7. 正文（Body）8. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)/函尾套語(yǔ)（Complimentary close）9. 發(fā)信人姓名，先打印姓名再簽名 （Signature & Printed Name）10. 發(fā)信人職務(wù)（Position）11. 發(fā)

27、信人姓名縮寫(xiě)如：ST/MS12. 附件（Enclosure）13. 副本/抄送（CC.，即Carbon Copy）14. 附言/又及事項(xiàng)（P.S.，即Postscript） 注意：與中文商務(wù)信函的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的差異1.標(biāo)題;2. 發(fā)函字號(hào);3. 收函單位或收件人姓名；4. 正文;5. 結(jié)束套語(yǔ);6. 發(fā)函單位或發(fā)函人姓名;7. 發(fā)函時(shí)間;8.附件例如：為請(qǐng)?jiān)囍聘呙芏饶峤z紡事 標(biāo)題 （x x）x x 字第x x號(hào) 發(fā)函字號(hào)xx紡織廠： 收函單位 經(jīng)雙方磋商，為保證出口羽絨制品面料尼絲紡量，你方同意試制新型高密度尼絲紡，現(xiàn)試樣需用的少量尼龍長(zhǎng)絲已備，請(qǐng)你廠前來(lái)開(kāi)料后，立即試制樣品，現(xiàn)將具體成品規(guī)格要求

28、開(kāi)列如下： 其余數(shù)量暫存你廠，由我公司安排染色、涂防水層等處理后，再進(jìn)行紡絨實(shí)驗(yàn)，特此函達(dá)，請(qǐng)洽。 正文此致 敬禮 結(jié)束套語(yǔ) xxxx公司（公章） 發(fā)函單位 x年x月x日 發(fā)函時(shí)間附件：原料定額、工藝、規(guī)格參考值 附件 商務(wù)信函屬于比較拘謹(jǐn)、正式的公文體，行文端正、用字洗練，一般遵守商務(wù)英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作原則，即七“C”原則：正確（correctness）、簡(jiǎn)練（conciseness）、清楚（clearness）、完整（completeness）、具體（concreteness）、禮貌（courtesy）、體諒（consideration）。具體來(lái)講，有以下幾方面內(nèi)容：四、 商務(wù)信函的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn) (一

29、) 在語(yǔ)氣上，要以收函人為中心，禮貌而且友好 雖然寫(xiě)信者必須陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)，但語(yǔ)氣常要考慮對(duì)方，尊敬對(duì)方，所以會(huì)經(jīng)常使用一些第一、二人稱(chēng)的代詞，諸如I 、We、 You等；盡量多用一些直接和肯定的語(yǔ)氣而避免使用否定句等，這都體現(xiàn)了其語(yǔ)言追求禮貌、尊敬的特點(diǎn)。例如： “We are enclosing a brochure outlining our companys goods available for export.”就要比“Enclosed is a brochure outlining this companys goods available for export.” 顯得親切

30、、有禮貌；“Please let us know.” 也勝過(guò)“You fail to tell us.”。 (二) 在選詞上力求準(zhǔn)確清楚，避免陳詞、長(zhǎng)詞及詞義重復(fù) 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)信函可謂字字千金，必須清楚地表達(dá)所要傳遞的信息，盡量不要使用夸張、比喻等手法，盡量避免使用模棱兩可的詞語(yǔ)，以免產(chǎn)生不必要的爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)樯虅?wù)信函通常用來(lái)作為確定有關(guān)當(dāng)事人權(quán)利和義務(wù)的依據(jù)。例如： 1. “We regret to advise you that we can not accept your offer.” 就應(yīng)該改為：“We are sorry to tell you that we cannot accept

31、your offer.” 2. “As per your request.”就應(yīng)該改為“As you requested/ According to your request/In accordance with your request，” 因?yàn)閍s per這樣的陳詞很少出現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)粘５纳虅?wù)書(shū)信中。 3. “Above-mentioned policy”中的“above-mentioned”是一長(zhǎng)詞，我們也應(yīng)該避免使用，可改為，“This policy”。4.“Please send us your catalog at once and by return mail.”在此句中出現(xiàn)了詞義重

32、復(fù)的現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)該改為“Please send us your catalog at once.” (三) 在內(nèi)容表達(dá)上要言簡(jiǎn)意賅，能夠傳達(dá)足夠信息且能夠做到機(jī)智的表達(dá) 商務(wù)信函通常是直接簡(jiǎn)練，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，忌過(guò)分修飾。一般根據(jù)寫(xiě)信者所要表達(dá)的中心思想分段。正文每段的文字不會(huì)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，尤其是開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，更常以簡(jiǎn)短為宜。例如： “By this letter we would ask you to consider our proposal.”就不如”P(pán)lease consider our proposal.” 簡(jiǎn)潔； “Please let us know whenever we can be helpf

33、ul.” 則比“Whenever there is any way in which we can be of assistance, please feel free to contact us.”表達(dá)好一些。(四)商務(wù)信函的語(yǔ)言須準(zhǔn)確、完整，包含一切必要的信息，對(duì)重要信息遺漏會(huì)損害公司形象，同時(shí)對(duì)于令對(duì)方不悅的事情，也應(yīng)該婉轉(zhuǎn)地表達(dá)出來(lái)，而不能直接地陳述。例如： Thank you very much for your inviting me to speak at your annual get-together of your staff members and friends in

34、the business circle. Much to my regret, I cannot go because at that time I will be on a business trip in Europe. 此處，作者就把自己不能參加對(duì)方的邀請(qǐng)說(shuō)得非常機(jī)智且有禮貌，使邀請(qǐng)人讀上去感到很自然，全然沒(méi)有不悅的感覺(jué)。 商務(wù)信函的翻譯本質(zhì)上仍然是語(yǔ)篇層次上的翻譯，必然要求我們綜合運(yùn)用有關(guān)的翻譯方法和技巧，譬如：詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換、語(yǔ)序調(diào)整、省譯、語(yǔ)氣轉(zhuǎn)換、分句合句等等，但畢竟商務(wù)信函不同于其他題材，還必須結(jié)合自身的特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯。五、商務(wù)信函的翻譯技巧Sec 6Sec 4Sec 1Sec 8S

35、ec 7返回遵循“忠實(shí)、通順”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用套譯的翻譯方法 注意信函結(jié)構(gòu)化程式化的翻譯商業(yè)信函翻譯實(shí)例分析 一二三四（一）遵循“忠實(shí)、通順”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回 首先，應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確、忠實(shí)地再現(xiàn)原文信函的思想內(nèi)容及風(fēng)格特征。準(zhǔn)確達(dá)意、簡(jiǎn)潔明了是英文商務(wù)信函的基本特征，因此，合格的譯文也理應(yīng)具備這些特征。例如：“offer”我們可以翻譯為“提供、建議”，但在特定的書(shū)信中，“offer”則只能翻譯為“要約（要約是當(dāng)事人一方向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出的希望與對(duì)方訂立合同的意思表示。發(fā)出要約的一方稱(chēng)要約人，接收要約的一方稱(chēng)受要約人）、發(fā)盤(pán)（交易的一方為了銷(xiāo)售或購(gòu)買(mǎi)一批商

36、品，向?qū)Ψ教岢鲇嘘P(guān)的交易條件，并表示愿按這些條件達(dá)成一筆交易，這種意思表示的行為稱(chēng)作發(fā)盤(pán)）”，相應(yīng)的“offferer、offeree”就是“要約人、受要約人”；同時(shí)，在商務(wù)信函的翻譯中，必須對(duì)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)言在商務(wù)信函的結(jié)構(gòu)程式和表達(dá)方式上的種種差異給予足夠的重視，并有效地運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧與方法靈活處理，使譯文既準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原文內(nèi)容，又符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，以實(shí)現(xiàn)“忠實(shí)、通順”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。例如： Sec 4Sec 8Sec 7返回 例如：1. “We have obtained your name and address from the Singapore Chamber of Commer

37、ce, who have told us that you wish to import electric goods manufactured in China.”2. “I have the honor to notify you that we have commenced a business as commission agents for British goods.”Sec 4Sec 8Sec 7返回 例如：1. “We have obtained your name and address from the Singapore Chamber of Commerce, who

38、have told us that you wish to import electric goods manufactured in China.”原譯：“我方從新加坡商會(huì)處獲悉貴方的名稱(chēng)和地址，得知貴方有意進(jìn)口中國(guó)制造的產(chǎn)品?！?. “I have the honor to notify you that we have commenced a business as commission agents for British goods.”原譯為：“我很榮幸地告知你，我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)，來(lái)作為英國(guó)貨物的代理?！保ǘ┳⒁庑藕Y(jié)構(gòu)程式化的翻譯Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Se

39、c 8 英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在信函結(jié)構(gòu)程式上有一定的差別。如收（寄）信人的地址、寫(xiě)信時(shí)間及他們的位置都是不一樣的，需要我們?cè)诜g時(shí)做出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，以適應(yīng)目的語(yǔ)的格式規(guī)范。例如：把英語(yǔ)地址由小到大的順序譯為漢語(yǔ)的由大到小的順序，或者有時(shí)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣把地址欄省去；把時(shí)間也由英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中的日/月/年的順序改譯為漢語(yǔ)中的年/月/日的順序。例如： 1. John Wanamaker 68 Fifth Street Philadelphia 11 U.S.A 譯文：美國(guó)費(fèi)城第十一郵區(qū)第五大街68號(hào)約翰華納麥克先生 2. November 2008 譯文：2008年11月2日(三)運(yùn)用套譯的翻譯方法Sec 4Sec

40、1Sec 8Sec 7 不論是英語(yǔ)還是漢語(yǔ)的商務(wù)信函里面都有許多套語(yǔ)，在翻譯時(shí)套用即可。 1. 稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)的套譯 英文信函中常用的是“Dear Sir(s)/Madam/Gentlemen/Ladies”等，此處的“Dear”只是一種表示對(duì)收信人的尊稱(chēng)，是一種禮貌的習(xí)慣性表達(dá)方法，并不等同于漢語(yǔ)中的“親愛(ài)的”，因此，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣我們可以套譯為 “尊敬的閣下/先生/女士/夫人”，有時(shí)也可以套譯為：“敬啟者/謹(jǐn)啟者/執(zhí)事先生/尊鑒/臺(tái)鑒”等。 Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Sec 8返回 2. 信函正文中一些敬辭和謙辭的套譯 商務(wù)信函的一大特色就是措辭婉約、注重禮節(jié)、多用套語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)商務(wù)信函中

41、頻繁使用的單詞有 “appreciate、esteem、favor、grateful、kindly、oblige、please、pleasure、Allow us 、Permit us to 、May we ”等等。而漢語(yǔ)中常用的一些敬辭包括：“您鑒、貴方、貴國(guó)、貴公司、閣下、敬復(fù)、敬悉、惠請(qǐng)、惠函、惠顧、賜復(fù)、奉告、承蒙、恭候”等等；常見(jiàn)的一些謙辭包括：“敝人、敝公司、敝處、卑職、愚見(jiàn)、拙見(jiàn)、拙作、拜讀、過(guò)獎(jiǎng)”等等。在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用功能意義相當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌詞語(yǔ)套譯。例如： （1）We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your esteemed f

42、avor of the 8th May. 譯文：敬悉貴公司5月8日來(lái)函。 （2）Kindly provide us with all possible information on your market. 譯文：惠請(qǐng)告知你方市場(chǎng)詳情。 Sec 6Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回 3. 結(jié)束禮詞的套譯 結(jié)束禮詞的表達(dá)方式有很多，例如：Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Best regards, Sincerely, Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Kind regards等等。它們可以直接套譯為：“謹(jǐn)

43、上、敬上、謹(jǐn)啟、順致敬意”等，而不能直接按照字面意思進(jìn)行翻譯。1. We wish to draw your attention to the fact that our clients are in urgent need of the contracted goods.敬請(qǐng)注意，我方客戶(hù)急需合同貨物。2. We confirm having cabled you a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us by October 10.現(xiàn)確認(rèn)已向貴方電發(fā)實(shí)盤(pán)，10月10日前復(fù)到有效。商業(yè)信函翻譯實(shí)例分析3. In order to enabl

44、e us to capture a part of the market for you, we sincerely hope that you will make us a further concession, for example, a discount of 15% instead of 10% as you planned to give us on an order worth approximately US$ 10,000.為使我方替貴方打開(kāi)一片市場(chǎng)，真誠(chéng)希望貴方給予我方更多優(yōu)惠，譬如， 訂單總值約10000美元，給予我方15%的折扣，而非貴方原計(jì)劃的 10%。4. We a

45、re sending you under separate cover by airmail a copy of the latest catalogue.5. The goods under our Order No. 4580 are covered against All Risks.6. Please ship us 2000 tons of Green Beans covered by our Order No. 3220 at an early date.7. The customer sent the faulty radio back to the shop, with a c

46、overing letter.4. We are sending you under separate cover by airmail a copy of the latest catalog.茲另封航郵我最新目錄一封。5. The goods under our Order No. 4580 are covered against All Risks.4580號(hào)訂單下的貨物已投保了一切險(xiǎn)。6. Please ship us 2000 tons of Green Beans covered by our Order No. 3220 at an early date.望你方能早日裝運(yùn)我方第3

47、220號(hào)訂單下的2000噸綠豆為宜。7. The customer sent the faulty radio back to the shop, with a covering letter.顧客退回有毛病的收音機(jī)，并附以詳函。8. Thank you for your letter of 9 July. As requested we enclose our catalogue and price list.9. We shall be pleased to send you any further information you may need.10. Please let me kn

48、ow if you need any further details.11. Thank you for your enquiry of 15 August. Our quotation for leather shoes and handbags is enclosed.8. Thank you for your letter of 9 July. As requested we enclose our catalogue and price list.感謝貴方七月九日的來(lái)函。按照貴方的要求，隨函附寄了產(chǎn)品目錄和價(jià)目表。9. We shall be pleased to send you a

49、ny further information you may need.我方將很高興提供貴方需要的任何其它信息。10. Please let me know if you need any further details.如需要更多詳細(xì)情況，請(qǐng)通知我。11. Thank you for your enquiry of 15 August. Our quotation for leather shoes and handbags is enclosed.感謝貴方8月15日的詢(xún)價(jià)，我方現(xiàn)隨函附上皮鞋及手提包的報(bào)價(jià)。商業(yè)信函翻譯實(shí)例分析Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Sec 7返回5 May

50、 2008 Mr. K .L. Lee Tiger Manufacturing Eastern Industrial Zone Guangzhou China Dear Mr. Lee, Thank you for your letter of 15 April regarding payment terms. We agree to your proposal, the terms of which are as follows. 1. Payment will be made by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit with draft at

51、sight instead of direct payment at sight.原文:Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7 2. The price quoted to us is with no discount. The above payment terms have been approved by our Managing Director and will be acted on accordingly. The order is being prepared and will reach you in the next ten days. I would

52、 like to take this opportunity to inform you that our representative, Mr. John Green, will attend the forthcoming Guangzhou Fair. He will be writing to you shortly. We sincerely hope that future discussions between our companies will lead to further mutually beneficial business Yours sincerely， Deni

53、s Thorpe Manager原文:Sec 6Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回尊敬的李先生： 4月15日有關(guān)付款條件的來(lái)函已經(jīng)收悉。 本公司同意貴公司如下建議： 1. 以見(jiàn)票即付的保兌不可撤銷(xiāo)信用證付款，而非見(jiàn)票直接付款。 2. 貴公司的報(bào)盤(pán)不會(huì)有折扣。 以上建議獲本公司總經(jīng)理批準(zhǔn)，今后將如述執(zhí)行。 現(xiàn)正擬訂有關(guān)訂單，十日內(nèi)將送達(dá)貴公司。 另外，本公司代表約翰格林先生將參加即將舉行的廣州交易會(huì)，并會(huì)于不日以書(shū)面與貴公司聯(lián)絡(luò)。 誠(chéng)望今后兩公司間的會(huì)談能促進(jìn)雙方的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展。 丹尼斯索普敬經(jīng)理復(fù)2008年5月5日 譯文：1. Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will be in the custody of