高考英語短文改錯常見錯誤例析

1、高考英語短文改錯常見錯誤例析短文改錯考查同學們發(fā)現、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力。短文改錯的文章多采用記敘文，其長度通常在90120詞之間；語言淺顯易懂，基本上不涉及生僻的語言現象和復雜的語句結構。短文改錯主要考查冠詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞時態(tài)、非謂語動詞、連詞、介詞等。1.名詞名詞是短文改錯的重點考查內容，其考點主要涉及名詞單復數、名詞所有格、名詞與形容詞等詞形的轉化等。【考例1】My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. (2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】honest honesty。分析句子結構可知，從句中的主語

2、為the key，表語應為honest的名詞形式。句意：我叔叔告訴我他成功的關鍵是誠實守信?！究祭?】If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】knowledges knowledge。knowledge是不可數名詞，沒有復數?！究祭?】The teenage year from 13 to19 were the most difficult time for me. (2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】ye

3、ar years。根據謂語動詞were可知，名詞year應用復數形式。2.冠詞冠詞是短文改錯中的高頻考點，其主要涉及冠詞的缺失、冠詞濫用、定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)的混用。【考例1】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】thea。句意：我叔叔說他從未想過短時間內致富。此處period為泛指，故應用不定冠詞a?！究祭?】But in that case, we will learn little about world. (20

4、16全國卷II)【答案及解析】about后加the。在英語中，定冠詞the表示特指，本句中用the修飾world，特指“這個世界”?！究祭?】Every time he arrived home at end of the day, wed greet him at the door. (2016浙江)【答案及解析】在end前加the。at the end of為固定搭配，意為“在結束的時候”。3.代詞代詞的考查靈活多樣，其涉及的考點有人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等。【考例1】Instead, he hopes that ourbusiness will grow

5、 steadily.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】our his。此處講的是叔叔的生意。 【考例2】The summer holiday iscoming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.(2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】how what?！耙蓡栐~+ to do”在本句中作talk about的賓語?！究祭?】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever nee

6、d help.(2016全國卷III) 【答案及解析】need前加I。whenever從句中缺少主語I。4.形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞是短文改錯的重點考查內容。同學們在做題時要注意判斷形容詞或副詞是否混用，是否存在比較級和最高級?！究祭?】Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (2016全國卷I )【答案及解析】steady steadily。grow是動詞，此處修飾動詞，說明發(fā)展的情況，故用副詞形式。【考例2】They were also the best and worse years in my life. (2016全

7、國卷III )【答案及解析】worse worst。與前面的the best保持一致，故用最高級?！究祭?】At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】freely free。作系動詞be的表語，應用形容詞形式。5.動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)主要涉及特定語境中時態(tài)的使用。同學們做這類題目時，要從文章整體來把握時態(tài)，注意時態(tài)一致?！究祭?】Some people even had to wait outside.(201

8、6全國卷I)【答案及解析】had have。根據上下文可知，整篇文章描述的是一般性情況，應用一般現在時?！究祭?】I thought that it is a good idea. (全國卷II 2016)【答案及解析】thought think。本文介紹我和同學們商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般現在時為主，故此處用think。6.動詞語態(tài)做這類題目時，同學們要注意謂語動詞與主語之間的邏輯關系?！究祭縀very day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (2016全國卷

9、I )【答案及解析】using used。句意：每天他都確保做飯用新鮮蔬菜和高品質的油。句中fresh vegetables and high quality oil與use之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。7.主謂一致注意句子主語與謂語在數上保持一致。【考例】He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. (2016浙江)【答案及解析】waswere。根據句中的we可判斷謂語動詞用were。8.非謂語動詞非謂語動詞涉及的考點有以下三類：(1)動詞原形與現在分詞、過去分詞是否混用；(2)現在分詞與過去分詞是否混用；(3)動詞不定式符號to是否

10、遺漏或多余?！究祭?】We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】take taking。staying at home與taking a trip構成并列關系，都作介詞between的賓語?！究祭?】I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全國卷III)【答案及解析】wear wearing。介詞by后用動詞-ing形式。9.情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣涉及的考點如下：(1)情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形，而不能

11、接非謂語動詞；(2)情態(tài)動詞漏用、錯用；(3)在suggest, insist, demand等詞后的從句中，謂語常用“(should)動詞原形”，其中should可省略，但不可用其他情態(tài)動詞。【考例1】We can chose between staying at home and (2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】chose choose。本題考查“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”這一語法點?！究祭?】Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. (2016全國卷II )【答案及解析】can去掉或can should。

12、動詞suggest表“建議”時，后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動詞原形”。10.連詞根據文章的邏輯關系，同學們應注意but, and, so, or, for等并列連詞是否誤用、混用或多用?！究祭?】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全國卷I)【答案及解析】or and。蔬菜和食用油在做飯時都會用到，所以二者是并列關系而不是選擇關系?！究祭?】If we stay at home, it is comfortable but t

13、here is no need to spend money.(2016全國卷II)【答案及解析】but and。前后兩個分句間是并列關系，而不是轉折關系，故用and。11.復合句從句引導詞的考查是短文改錯的難點，主要表現在以下三方面：(1)名詞性從句。同學們要弄明白題目屬于何種名詞性從句，引導詞在從句中作什么成分；(2)定語從句。同學們應找準先行詞，分析關系詞在從句中所作的成分，注意判斷是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句；(3)狀語從句。同學們做題時要注意結合語境來判斷從屬連詞的使用是否準確。 【考例1】My uncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that I live. (2016全國卷I )【答案及解析】that where。賓語從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where?！究祭?】Thoughnot very big,