英語短文改錯(cuò)專題講座

1、短文改錯(cuò)專題講座短文改錯(cuò)專題講座 短文改錯(cuò)旨在測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷和糾正錯(cuò)誤的能力。它要求考生具有詞法、句法和在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，因此考點(diǎn)綜合性強(qiáng)，覆蓋面廣，錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置類型多，是歷年高考英語中的難題。為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力，除了要加強(qiáng)根底知識(shí)的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外，還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的根本情況有所了解，以便做到目標(biāo)明確，有的放矢，從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度，用口訣的形式，向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯(cuò)中最常見的幾類錯(cuò)誤。短文改錯(cuò)口訣：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意是形還是副； 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)區(qū)分，習(xí)慣用法要記住； 句子成分多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注一 動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤

2、：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如： NMET98 My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. NMET00 Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. 上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān) 鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。amare二 名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如： NMET01 so that Ill

3、get good marks in all my subject.三 區(qū)分形和副及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。 這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：MET95 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.NMET99 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. 需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。subje

4、ctswonderUnfortunately四 非謂語動(dòng)詞細(xì)區(qū)分這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：NMET97 in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.NMET98 Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also NMET01 My parents love me and will do all they can make sure 上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的現(xiàn)在分詞

5、有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。五 習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的根底知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。 加tointerestedplaying例如：NMET96 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and NMET98 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. 六 句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語景

6、要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：NMET96 They eager to know everything about China and NMET97 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 第一例漏掉了謂語動(dòng)詞were，這是受漢語習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤；第二例那么是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語。 七 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)

7、象。例如：for 改成ofInstead后加ofwereWhere改成which NMET96 The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.NMET97 First, let me tell you something more about myself. NMET99 no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.上述第一例中的主語是Smiths史密斯夫婦倆，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表

8、“再的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事？第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，“我們把電視機(jī)賣了；晚上沒電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書了，所以該用everyone。除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外，?？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：NMET00 She was smiling but nodding at me.NMET01 It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.NMET01 We may be one family and li

9、ve under a same roof.下面是2002年全國高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣?，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做，然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。their去掉moreeveryoneandorthe 英語改錯(cuò)訓(xùn)練 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to EmeiMountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, its famous 76. _Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _Was fine.

10、 It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _ climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _

11、Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _head touched the pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析：76. famous前加上a。 名詞數(shù)。 77. 正確 78. we前面加when，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。句子成分多分析 79. them us 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須

12、關(guān)注 80. visiting visited非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)區(qū)分 81. picture pictures名詞數(shù)82. passes passed動(dòng)詞形 83. 去掉down習(xí)慣用法要記住 84. and butbut, and, or和 so 85. 去掉at句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住。 短文改錯(cuò)的訓(xùn)練方法三步法：1.通讀全文，掌握大意短文改錯(cuò)一般是一篇完整的的短文而不是一個(gè)孤立的單詞。它既有句法，語法方面的錯(cuò)誤也有邏輯意義上的混亂。例如：In others we must write the number of book, Its title and the name of the a

13、uthor on a piece of paper, sign it ,then hand it to the Librarian in order to borrow the book .You can keep it for weeks.文中的“you一詞從單句來說無論從語法或從意義上看都是正確的，但聯(lián)系上下文，借書時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)填寫書號(hào)，圖書目錄及作者姓名，然后才能借到書。而又“you指“你“可以借閱幾個(gè)星期，和前面的主語不符。只有把you改為we。這種錯(cuò)誤只有從政篇行文的角度去考慮，才能判斷正確，如果只見樹木不見森林，這些錯(cuò)誤句就很難發(fā)現(xiàn)。這一步應(yīng)是速度短文，以掌握文意為主，而不是只注意

14、文中錯(cuò)誤，分析錯(cuò)誤的句子上。2.逐句分析，找出深層錯(cuò)誤構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系完整，和諧順暢。一篇文章內(nèi)各句子之間互相順成關(guān)聯(lián)，但在結(jié)構(gòu)上各有章法。如果是一般閱讀，以獲取信息為目的，一個(gè)句子不在以行之內(nèi)，被移行或跨假設(shè)干行“句的標(biāo)志就是句號(hào)，各個(gè)詞語在一個(gè)句子中各就各位，其對(duì)閱讀速度效果的影響不明顯。而以改正錯(cuò)誤為目的，且每個(gè)詞有可能產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤，或詞與詞之間 卻有可能成為相互間的致錯(cuò)原因，高考試卷的行尾之間參差不齊多與之有關(guān)，此時(shí)移行或跨行對(duì)解題就有影響，倘假設(shè)一個(gè)句子在一個(gè)水平線上，情況有所不同。3復(fù)讀全文，檢查調(diào)整每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤找出以后，應(yīng)再回頭把改正后的文章讀一遍。檢查一改正的地方是否準(zhǔn)確，前后是否有矛盾的

15、地方，以進(jìn)行必要的修改和調(diào)整。 英語改錯(cuò)訓(xùn)練二)When you are traveling abroad, it is importance to follow1. _ the customs of the country where you are visiting. If you are invited 2. _ to a home in Britain, here is some advices. As soon as you are invited, 3. _ it is good manners to refuse or accept an invitation, either b

16、y 4. _writing or by telephoning. When you go to the party, it is polite 5. _ to arrive at on time. It is good manners to shake hands with your 6. _ host and any guest. You can take a present if you like, 7. _ possible a bottle of wine, a box of chocolates or some flowers. 8. _ However, it was not ba

17、d manners to take nothing. It is not polite9. _ to stay too late before the other guests have gone. Of course, 10. _ it is good manners to write or telephone a day or two later to thank your host. 答案與簡(jiǎn)析 Importance important。屬句型It is +adj. + to do sth .。 2. where which / that或去掉where。先行詞在定語從句中作賓語。 3.

18、 advices advice。advice 為不可數(shù)名詞。4. an the。此處的“請(qǐng)柬是特指。5. 本行無錯(cuò)。6. 去掉at。arrive 后沒賓語。7. guest前加other。表與其他客人握手。8. possible possibly。修飾take。 9. was is。時(shí)態(tài)一致。10. before after。根據(jù)上下文，此處表達(dá)其他客人走后。 短文改錯(cuò)訓(xùn)練(三) Know what to do in case of fire is important. 1. _ If the fire broke out, what would you do? First, you 2. _

19、 should warn everyone in the house about the dangerous. 3. _ Dont panic驚慌or start shouting. Be calmly and 4. _ act fast. Second, you and all the others should go out of 5. _ the house. Dont stopped to take anything with you. Once 6. _ you are out of the house, stay out. Do not come back 7. _ for any reason. Finally, before you are out of the house, 8. _ call the fire department. Do not try to put out of the fire 9.