五、褒貶正反譯法音譯意譯移譯

1、詞語的翻譯詞意褒貶譯法詞意正反譯法音譯意譯移譯合分視而不見1詞意的褒貶譯法在英漢兩種語言里都有很多表達褒義和貶義的詞語。如光明正大（fairness）、鬼鬼祟祟(stealthy)等。譯文的褒貶意要以原作者的立場為依據(jù)， 而不能以譯者的立場為轉移。2詞語本身定褒貶Do you know how Franklin proved the lightning rod-by letting some electricity pass down his kite string ? That act made him famous in the world .你知道富蘭克林怎樣證明避雷針的嗎-他通過風箏線

2、把電傳下來。這個實驗使他享譽全世界。Hitler was the notorious war monger in the War World II 。希特勒是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時期臭名昭著的戰(zhàn)爭狂人。3語言環(huán)境定褒貶英語中詞語的褒貶意義大部分都是通過上下文來確定的。語言環(huán)境對詞語的褒貶意義起決定作用。因此我們要正確理解原文，把原文中的褒貶意義翻譯出來。4語言環(huán)境定褒貶Those blackguards are as cunning as a fox.Her girl friend gave him a cunning smile while speaking.With cunning hands

3、the sculptor shaped the little statue.這些流氓像狐貍一樣狡猾。她女友說著話，給他一個迷人的微笑。雕刻家用靈巧的雙手雕成了這座小巧的雕像。5語言環(huán)境定褒貶It was mid-August and the subject for discussion was the future of the aggressors. They became less discouraged when they realize they themselves can make a better future.當時是八月中旬，他們討論的題目是侵略者的下場。當他們意識到自己也可以

4、創(chuàng)造更美好的前程時，他們不再灰心喪氣了。6詞義正反譯法要想翻譯英語的否定句，必須要弄清楚否定的是什么。因此理解在翻譯否定句時至關重要。有些形式上是否定謂語，實際上卻是否定其他成分。The earth does not move round in empty space。地球在空無一物的空間不轉動。地球不是在空無一物的空間中轉動的。7英語的顯性否定表達法:名詞 a lack of, absence of , vacancy, exclusion, deprivation 動詞 avoid, ban, call off, cancel, deny, deprive, exclude, escape

5、, evade, forbid, fail, hate, ignore, lack, lose, miss, neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, rid, stop.8英語的顯性否定表達法形容詞 absent, bare, empty, poor, vacant ,free from, far from, last副詞no, not, neither, nor, nowhere介詞 beyond, (debate, control, ), out of (breath, control, sight), past repair代詞 nobody, none, no

6、thing,9漢語的顯性否定表達法不、未、否非、沒、免 無、勿、莫沒有、失缺、禁、忌戒，別，毋10隱性否定It is anybodys guess.這事誰也不清楚。My guess is as good as yours.我們倆都不知道。She bears her age well!他一點也不顯老！11隱性否定I dare him to jump!我量他不敢跳！I will buy it.我回答不出，我不曉得（回答問題或者猜謎）But that I saw it, I would not have believed it.要不是親眼目睹，我還不相信呢。12對應譯法There is no smo

7、ke without fire.無風不起浪。No pains, no gains.不勞不獲。Those who live in the glass house should not throw stones.住在玻璃房內，不要投石傷人。 (自己有弱點，勿揭他人短。)13反意正說The importance of the computer can not be estimated too high!計算機太重要了！Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.他突然聽見背后有聲響

8、，便意識到車庫里還有別人。14反意正說That man is unfamiliar to me.那個人我很陌生。He is an indecisive person.他優(yōu)柔寡斷。Nothing is easier than fault-finding.吹毛求疵最簡單。15正意反說That is too much!我受不了啦！Appearances are deceptive.外表是靠不住的。He offered us a lame excuse.他的借口根本站不住腳。16正意反說He continued to look absently at the sea.他一直心不在焉地看著大海。Thei

9、r explanation is far from being satisfactory.他們的解釋不能令人滿意。In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.在高海拔地區(qū)， 冰雪常年不化。17否定強調The outcome of the experiment was not half bad.實驗的結果相當好。He never came anywhere near knowing what it was.他根本不懂得這是什么。The earth does not pull the kitten to it nearly as much a

10、s it pulls a big rock.地球對小貓的引力遠遠沒有對一快巨石的引力那么大。18音譯法:全音譯radar雷達modern摩登tango探戈19全音譯logic邏輯nicotine尼古丁Caf咖啡Nylon尼龍20全音譯Guitar吉他Salon沙龍Waltz華爾茲Typhoon臺風21全音譯Benz 奔馳talk show脫口秀Party派對Chocolate巧克力22全音譯coca-cola可口可樂Humor幽默Hysteria歇斯底里23全音譯Gene基因Tank坦克Bus巴士24全音譯Vitamin維他命shock休克Boeing波音Sauna桑拿25全音譯Cartoon

11、卡通Jazz爵士Amitobha阿彌陀佛Tatami榻榻米 26全音譯Dumas杜馬Latin 拉丁語Hollywood好萊塢smart時髦system系統(tǒng)27全音譯Sonar聲納Pepsi Cola百事可樂Engine引擎Hacker 黑客28全音譯Bandage繃帶Utopia 烏托邦pump泵Copy拷貝29全音譯brandy白蘭地Carat克拉Ton 噸30全音譯Pound磅ampere安培（電流強度單位）Joule焦耳（能量單位）Hertz赫茲（頻率單位）Watt 瓦特（功率單位）31全音譯Calorie卡路里（熱量單位）Ohm 歐姆（電阻單位）Volt伏特（電壓單位）32全音譯Ru

12、pee 盧比Dinar第納爾Google谷哥Mosaic馬賽克33全音譯湯圓tangyuan 衙門yamen陰陽Yin (Yang)福娃Fuwa34全音譯旗袍Qipao太極Taiji烏紗Wusha35意譯逐字譯Salt Lake City鹽湖城White House白宮Black Sea黑海Red River Valley紅河谷36意譯逐字譯Silicon Valley硅谷Fleet Street艦隊街道West Point 西點Midway Islands中途島Yellowstone Park黃石公園37意譯逐字譯Oxford牛津Iceland冰島Pearl Harbor 珍珠港Pacifi

13、c Ocean太平洋38意譯逐字譯Indian Ocean印度洋Cape of Good Hope好望角Watergate 水門Golden Gate 金門39音譯加意譯Miniskirt迷你裙Internet因特網(wǎng)Rhode Island 羅得島Wall Street華爾街40音譯加意譯Washington post華盛頓郵報Uncle Sam山姆大叔Uncle Tom 湯姆大叔41意譯加音譯New Zealand新西蘭New Delhi新德里Kilocalorie千卡42音譯加類別詞Jeep吉普車 Hippies(Hippy)嬉皮士Carbine卡賓槍43音譯加類別詞Ballet芭蕾舞Mi

14、ssissippi密西西比河hamburger 漢堡包Nile尼羅河44音譯加類別詞Amazon亞馬遜河 Himalayas喜馬拉雅山The Alps阿爾卑斯山45音譯加類別詞Cigar雪茄煙sauna桑拿浴Golf 高爾夫球Sardine 沙丁魚46音譯加類別詞Bikini比基尼泳裝Koala考拉熊Kiwi 幾維鳥47移譯加類別詞U形管U盤, VCD盤 CD盤48移譯MP3 Windows 98E-mailITVIPOK vs. P. K.P.S.49移譯加意譯X-rayX射線50分合移位法All the basis of trust is loyal give and take.信任的基礎

15、全在于真誠的給予和公平的索取。Thank you for your advice and counsel.謝謝你的忠告。The president of the university has watched the soaring real-estate prices in Silicon Valley prompt a steady exodus of his staff.硅谷地區(qū)房產(chǎn)價格飛漲。校長眼看著教職員工紛紛離去。51分合移位法My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importanc

16、e.父親認為我太年輕，還做不了大事。他算說對了。A growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.越來越多的西方知識分子同意這種看法，雖然在數(shù)量上他們還是少數(shù)。52分合移位法I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives prayor ,yes, for there are times when all prayfor the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion

17、, of their protector;我看見俄羅斯士兵在捍衛(wèi)著自己的家園。家中的母親、妻子在為她們深愛的親人祈禱，-哦，是的，艱難的時刻，人們都會這樣祈禱-為她們的兒子祈禱、為她們的丈夫祈禱、為她們的英雄祈禱、為她們的保護者祈禱，期盼他們能平安歸來；53分合移位法I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode wi

18、th on that train home to Delaware, the vice-president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.我要感謝我的競選伙伴、美國當選副總統(tǒng)喬拜登。他全心全意投入競選，他要替那些與他一起在斯蘭頓街長大的鄰里說話，替那些與他一起坐火車回特拉華州的鄉(xiāng)親代言。54視而不見法He complained of slight chest pains.他抱怨說有點胸痛。他說有點胸痛。That is the room I shared with Tom.那是我和湯姆共享的臥室。那是我和湯姆的臥室。People were variously impressed, interested, outraged, frightened, and perplexed by my argument.我的觀點讓有的人印象深刻，有的人興趣盎