學位英語翻譯復習精選題(共23頁)

1、 23/232015年成人(chng rn)英語三級考試英漢互譯精選試題備考(biko)經(jīng)驗：能直譯(zhy)盡量不意譯英譯漢時應注意以下幾個方面：1 總的原則(1)翻譯時既要忠實于原文，又要符合漢語的習慣(2)翻譯不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻譯因死守原文語言形式而損害了原文思想內(nèi)容。好的譯文應該是形式與內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一。(3)能夠直譯盡量不意譯(4)翻譯的過程應該是先理解后表達?，F(xiàn)就這一點作進一步論述。2 結(jié)合英文寫作特點對語言進行整體理解首先，英文段落的首句一般為topic sentence，然后展開說明。展開的寫法有多種，可分可總，可下定義，可同義重復，可以代詞復指等。利用這一技巧，先通讀全文，

2、便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段與段之間的關系，在翻譯時就能在上下文中確定詞義，從而進行準確的翻譯。其次，就具體而言：(1)對詞的理解可以從構(gòu)思法、詞的搭配關系和詞匯之間的邏輯關系等方面入手(2)對句子的理解可以從句子的內(nèi)在邏輯、成分之間的從屬關系和句子的語法組成等方面來實現(xiàn)(3)對于長句，可采用如下譯法：順譯法：按照原文順序譯逆續(xù)法：順序與原文順序相反重復法：重復前一個詞分譯法：一個句子分成幾個部分來翻譯括號法：在譯文后加括號進行解釋和說明等終合法：綜合運用上述各種方法3 表達正確理解原文后，還要通過適當?shù)姆g技巧用規(guī)范的漢語表達出來。這些技巧有：(1)增詞法。根據(jù)需要增加一些詞語，如名詞等

3、(2)減詞法。根據(jù)漢語習慣，刪去一些詞(3)肯否表達法。原文為肯定句，譯成漢語是為增強修飾(xish)效果，可以譯為否定句。反之亦然(4)變換法，名詞(mng c)譯成動詞或動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞等(5)分合法(hf)。一個長句可分成若干部分來譯，或者把原文的幾個簡單句用一個句子表達出來。(6)省略法：兩種語言由于存在差異，表達時不可能總是對等，經(jīng)?？梢允÷砸恍┰~和句子成分，如英語中的冠詞漢語里沒有，譯時可以省略4 應試中還應注意的問題(1)詞的指代問題要搞清楚(2)漢語知識的應用，如修辭等(3) 部分否定和否定重點。部分否定，如not all；否定重點，如I dont teach becauseI

4、have knowledge.(我并非因為有知識才去教書)。否定重點為because，而不是teach.(4)虛擬語氣。這種語法現(xiàn)象有時并非只表示字面意思，它經(jīng)常有感情色彩，譯時要注意。(5)要認真地通讀全文，根據(jù)上下文來確定詞義、句意，切不可斷章取義，望文生義。5 核對原文既要核對譯文是否準確、通順，還要注意關鍵詞的采分點。同時不要忘記全文結(jié)構(gòu)的表達，這部分還有0.5分呢。考試翻譯的復習與應試翻譯是一門藝術，同時又是一種實踐。它是對英語綜合能力的考查，沒有一定的英語基本功，要想在這部分得到高的分數(shù)是不可能的。但是，具有了一定的英語基礎，并不等于具有較高的翻譯能力。因此在學習和復習時掌握一些翻

5、譯的基本常識和一些常用方法，針對考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一些語言現(xiàn)象，仔細分析一些翻譯實例，總結(jié)出一些規(guī)律性的東西，再加以必要的練習，對考生來說是非常必要的，而且在短時間內(nèi)提高自己在該部分的得分是完全有可能的。環(huán)境學家指出：持續(xù)(chx)增加的污染不僅會導致像全球變暖這樣嚴重的問題，而且還將威脅到人類在這個星球的生存。Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end

6、 human life on our planet.對大多數(shù)人來講，退休以后，閱讀或?qū)W習一項新技術已成為他們生活的中心和快樂(kuil)的來源。For the majority of people,reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.對于那些想過上健康而有意義的生活的人們來說，找時間學習一些新知識(zh shi)是很重要的，正如那句老話：活到老，學到老

7、。For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style,it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes:it is never too late to learn.對于大學或高中生打工這一現(xiàn)象，校園里進行著廣泛的爭論。There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high scho

8、ol students doing a part-time job.通過做一份和專業(yè)相關的工作，學生不僅能夠提高他們的專業(yè)能力，而且(r qi)能獲得從課本上得不到的經(jīng)驗。By taking a major-related part-job,students can not only improve their academic studies,but gain much experience,experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.近幾十年，盡管人們的生活有了驚人的改變，但必須承認，由于學費和書費日益飛漲(fi

9、zhng)，資金短缺仍然是學生們面臨的最大問題之一。Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades,it must be admitted that,shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.因此，業(yè)余工作掙

10、來的錢將強有力地支持學生們繼續(xù)(jx)他們的求學生活。Consequently,the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.通過上面的討論，我們不難得出結(jié)論：業(yè)余工作對學生們會產(chǎn)生深遠的影響，我們應鼓勵學生從事業(yè)余工作，這將有利于學生和他們的家庭，甚至整個社會。From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time jo

11、b can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job,which will benefit students and their family,even the society as a whole.現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人們開始抱怨工作比以前更有壓力。許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無法避免。These days,people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is mo

12、re stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that,along with the development of modern society,it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.在城市私人轎車的數(shù)量應得到控制而公交車的數(shù)量應該增加。The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses sh

13、ould be increased.考慮到問題的嚴重性，在事態(tài)進一步惡化之前，必須(bx)采取有效的措施。In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.大部分學生相信業(yè)余工作會使他們有更多機會發(fā)展人際交往能力(nngl)，而這對他們未來找工作是非常有好處的。The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunitie

14、s to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.當問到愿意(yun y)將孩子送到哪種學校的時候，許多父母認為他們會選擇寄宿學校而不是日制學校。When asked what kind of school they are willing to send their children to attend,many parents say they would choose a boarding school rather th

15、an day schools for their children.許多調(diào)查顯示越來越多的人開始意識到寄宿學校能給他們的孩子提供較好的學習環(huán)境和設施。Many survey show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.同時，仍有許多人持傳統(tǒng)觀點認為日制學校對孩子的學習發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。At the same time,there are still m

16、any people who live under the traditional ideas that day schools play an extremely important role in childrens study.一方面，寄宿學校正在發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用，尤其是最近幾年，這是無可爭辯的。On the one hand,it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect,especially in last few years.離開父母上寄宿學校的學生將會培養(yǎng)他們的獨

17、立性。Students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.而且，生活在學校里能節(jié)省大量每天往返(wngfn)于學校和家的路上的時間，這會使他們有更多的時間和精力放在學習上。Whats more,living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrat

18、e more time and energy on their academic work.另一方面，日制學校(xuxio)的貢獻是不能忽視的。On the other hand,the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.因為較高的學費，大部分普通家庭支付不起他們的孩子(hi zi)上寄宿學校的費用。Due to high tuition fee,most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.由于無需考慮學生的日常生活，日

19、制學校可以將重點放在教學上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理這些方面。Since it is unnecessary to consider students routine life,day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects,such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.而且，學生生活在自己家中，有舒適的生活，并有更多機會和父母交流，這對他們個性的培養(yǎng)是有利的。Furthermore,students living in their own home would have

20、 access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents,which have beneficialimpact on development of their personal character.通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論，寄宿學校和日制學校對我們社會培養(yǎng)年輕學生都是重要的。From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools a

21、nd boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.無可爭辯(w k zhng bin)，現(xiàn)在有成千上萬的人仍過著挨餓受凍的痛苦生活。It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.盡管這一觀點被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明(biomng)教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。

22、Although this view is wildly held,this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.沒有(mi yu)人能否認：教育是人生最重要的一方面No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.人們把會使用計算機與人生成功相提并論。People equate success in life with the ability

23、of operating computer.在過去的幾十年，先進的醫(yī)療技術已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活的時間更長成為可能。In the last decades,advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.事實上，我們必須承認生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重要。In fact,we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.我們應該不遺余力地美化我

24、們的環(huán)境。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.人們相信擁有計算機技術可以獲得更多工作或提升的機會。People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.從這幾年我搜集的信息來看，這些知識并沒有人們想象的那么有用。The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowl

25、edge may be less useful than most people think.現(xiàn)在，人們普遍認為沒有一所大學能夠在畢業(yè)時候教給學生所有的知識。Now,it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.這是一個關系到生死的問題，任何國家都不能忽視。This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.我同意后者，有如下理

26、由：For my part,I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:在給出我的觀點(gundin)之前，我想看看雙方的觀點是重要的。Before giving my opinion,I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.這一觀點(gundin)正受到越來越多人的質(zhì)疑。This view is now being questioned by more and more people.盡管許多人認為隨著經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展，用自行車的人數(shù)會減

27、少，自行車可能會消亡， 然而，這幾年我收集的一些信息讓我相信自行車仍然會繼續(xù)在現(xiàn)代社會(shhu)發(fā)揮極其重要的作用。Although many people claim that,along with the rapidly economic development,the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bic

28、ycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.依照最近的一項調(diào)查，每年有4，000，000人死于與吸煙有關的疾病。According to a recent survey,four million people die each yearfrom diseases linked to smoking.最近的調(diào)查顯示相當多的孩子對家庭作業(yè)沒什么好感。The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant association

29、s with homework.沒有一項發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣同時受到如此多的贊揚和批評。No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.人們似乎忽視了教育不應該隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束這一事實。People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.越來越多的人開始意識到教育不能隨著畢業(yè)而結(jié)束。An increasing number of people are beginning to realize

30、 that education is not complete with graduation.說到教育，大部分人認為其是一個終生的學習。When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有助于身體健康。Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.應該采取適當?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬糜握叩臄?shù)量，努

31、力保護(boh)當?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史不受國際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.越來越多的專家相信移民對城市的建設起到積極作用。然而，越來越多的城市居民卻懷疑這種說法，他們抱怨(bo yun)民工給城市帶來了許多嚴重的問題，像犯

32、罪和賣淫。An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.許多市民抱怨城市的公交車太少，以

33、至于他們(t men)要花很長時間等一輛公交車，而車上可能已滿載乘客。Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus,which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.無可否認，空氣污染是一個極其嚴重的問題：城市當局應該采取有力措施來解決它。There is no denying the fact that air polluti

34、on is an extremely serious problem:the cityauthorities should take strong measures to deal with it.一項調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一份適當?shù)臉I(yè)余工作并不會占用學生太多的時間，事實上，把全部的時間都用到學習上并不健康，正如那句老話：只工作，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會變傻。A proper part-time job doe

35、s not occupy students too much time. In fact,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.任何政府忽視這一點都將付出巨大(jd)的代價。Any government,which is blind to this point,may pay a heavy price.當前，一提到即將開始的學校生活，許多學生(xu sheng)都會興高采烈。然而

36、，對多數(shù)年輕人來說，校園剛開始的日子并不是什么愉快的經(jīng)歷。Nowadays,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.人們普遍認為計算機和其他(qt)機器已經(jīng)成為我們社會必不可少的一部分。 它們使我們的生活更舒適

37、，減少了大量勞動。It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.同時，隨著這些機器帶給我們的好處，員工們也必須要學習與之相關的知識以便使用它們。At the same time,along with the benefits of such machines,employees must stud

38、y knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.首先，學校應提供更多的服務，幫助新生盡快適應新的生活。In the first place,school authorities should provide far more services to help freshmen to get used to the new life as soon as possible.高年級學生可以與新生一起分享他們的經(jīng)歷：如何克服遇到的困難，如何適應新的環(huán)境。The senior and junior

39、students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met,how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.同時，應該鼓勵年輕人和他們(t men)的同齡人交往，發(fā)展他們的交際能力，這將幫助他們極大地減少對父母的倚賴并且保持健康的精神狀態(tài)。At the same time,young people should be encouraged to communicate with their

40、peers and develop their interpersonal skills,which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.總之，我們應重視這個(zh ge)問題，盡最大努力幫助他們平穩(wěn)度過他們最初的校園生活。In conclusion,we must lay emphasis on this problem and make our maximum contribut

41、ion to help them spend their first day on campus smoothly.近些年，關于時尚存在著廣泛的爭論。其中一個問題(wnt)就是一個人是否應選擇他喜歡的舒適的衣服，而不管是否時尚。There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes,which he or she likes,regardless of fa

42、shion.這一問題已被越來越多的人所關注，尤其是父母和教育專家。This issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people,especially for parents and experts in education.許多年輕人一提到時尚服裝就興高采烈。他們似乎被時尚服裝那多彩的面料，各種不同的款式所吸引。Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes. And they seem t

43、o be attracted by colorful material,various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing,they maintain,that cant be compared with fashion clothes. In fact,fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngsters life.許多人似乎忽視了這個基本事實：衣服的基本功能是保持我們舒適和溫暖。Many people seem to overlook the basic fact:the

44、major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.而且，沉湎于時尚服裝的人們不得不花費更多時間逛商店，更加注意自己(zj)給別人的印象。因此，他們不可能有足夠的時間用于學習或工作。Furthermore,people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend colthes more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result,it

45、is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.沒有人能否認這一重要事實：最近幾年交通問題在全世界受到了普遍關注。越來越多的專家開始相信這種狀況將對當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不利(bl)影響。No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. Experts in increasing numbers

46、are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas.關于這個問題，有很多原因。一個主要原因是車輛增加的數(shù)量遠快于道路的建設(jinsh)。另一個主要原因是私家車過多而公交車不夠。There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more r

47、apidly than building of roads. Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.同時，擁有私人轎車的人數(shù)這幾年卻在快速增加。Meanwhile,the numbers of people,who have access to their own cars,have risen sharply in the recent years.而且，許多人，包括司機和騎自行車的人，不能很好地遵守交通規(guī)則，特別是在繁忙的十字路口，這

48、無疑使本已嚴重的狀況雪上加霜。Moreover,many people,including drivers and cyclists,do not obey the traffic rules properly,especially at busy intersections. And this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation.考慮到這些嚴重的狀況，我們比以往任何時候更需要像自行車這樣的環(huán)保型交通工具。In view of such serious situation,environmental tools of transpor

49、tation like bicycle are more important than any time before.使用(shyng)自行車有助于人們的身體健康，并極大地緩解了交通阻塞。Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.盡管自行車有許多明顯(mngxin)的優(yōu)點，但是它也存在它的問題。Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle,it is not without its problem.在速度和舒適

50、度方面，自行車是無法和汽車(qch)、火車這樣的交通工具相比的。Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論：自行車的優(yōu)點遠大于缺點，并且在現(xiàn)代社會它仍將發(fā)揮重要作用。From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvant

51、ages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.當前在高校和研究機構(gòu)對教育存在著大量爭論，其中一個問題就是教育是否是個終身學習的過程。There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.這個問題已經(jīng)引起了廣泛關注。This issue has ca

52、used wide public concern.必須指出學習只能靠自己。It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.許多人存在這樣的誤解，認為離開學校就意味著結(jié)束了他們的教育。顯然，他們忽視了教育是人生重要部分這一基本事實。A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously,th

53、ey seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.就我而言，我同意教育不應該隨著(su zhe)畢業(yè)而結(jié)束的觀點，有以下原因：As for me,Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation,for the following reasons:人們普遍認為高校是不可能(knng)在畢業(yè)的時候教會他們的學生所有知識的

54、。It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.即使最優(yōu)秀(yuxi)的畢業(yè)生，要想成為一個博學的人也要不斷地學習。Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.人們普遍認為我們的現(xiàn)代科技使我們的社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化，近幾十年人類在科技方面取得了驚人的進步。It is com

55、monly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern scienceand technology,and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始相信學習新的技術和知識能直接幫助他們獲得工作就會或提升的機會。Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skil

56、ls and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.一項調(diào)查顯示許多老人都有到大學繼續(xù)學習的愿望。An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.但是這些人忽視了國際旅游可能會給當?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史造成的災難性的影響。But what these people fail

57、 to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.就我而言，我堅定地認為國外旅游者的數(shù)量應得到限制，理由如下：As for me,Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited,for the following reasons：另外，為了吸引旅游者，大量人工設施(shsh)被修建，這對環(huán)境是不利的。In addition,i

58、n order to attract tourists,a lot of artificial facilities have been built,which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.由于缺乏獨特的文化，一些(yxi)地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，國外旅游者數(shù)量的快速增加可能最終會導致當?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)的衰敗。For lack of distinct culture,some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently,the fast rise in nu

59、mber of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.近些年，父母要求他們的孩子接受額外的教育呈增長(zngzhng)的勢頭。There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.這一現(xiàn)象在全世界許多地方已引起了廣泛關注。This phenomenon has caused wide public concer

60、n in many places of world.這是真的嗎?這些年我收集的信息讓我相信這些文化、藝術項目并沒有許多政府想象的那么重要。事實上，基礎設施建設非常重要，應該放在首位。But is it really the case?The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact,basic infrastructure