英美國家概況Australia澳大利亞課件

1、AustraliaNation-building from a Convict SettlementThe introduction of Australia historyEvents and people that made a nationAustralia historyThe early pre-colonial period The colonial period before FederationModern times after FederationThe earliest residents AboriginesAround 50,000 to 60,000 years a

2、goBefore the arrival of the white settlers in 1788DidgeridooThe colonial period before FederationEuropean discovery of AustraliaAustralia as the convict settlement /penal colonyEuropean discovery of Australia 1770 Captain James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia (New South Wales)The firs

3、t discovery of Australia by Dutch explorers was in 1606, but they didnt realize it.1642 Dutch navigator Abel Tasman sighted the Tasmania and named it Van Diemans land1688 William Dampier was the first English navigator to see Australia (northwest coast)Captain James CookA national hero in Australia

4、the greatest British explorer and navigator Contribution to the European knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere and providing important information for the First Fleet that was going to set up overseas colony for Britain in 17881755 Royal Navy1768 an expedition to the south pacific with a secret purpo

5、se to find the southern continent 1770 discovered the eastern coast of Australia (New South Wales) and soon claimed the entire continent for the BritainAustralia as the convict settlementTime: began in1788Background: the independence of the 13 American colonies in 1776 meant Britain had lost its ove

6、rseas prison in North America.Reason: to alleviate pressure on the overburdened prisons and reduce the crime rate in BritainEvent: the First FleetThe First FleetAdmiral Arthur Phillip: the Governor of the colony On January 18,1788, the Fleet arrived at Botany Bay (not suitable for settlement; infert

7、ile; shortage of water; unfriendly Aborigines ) On January 26, 1788, entered Port Jackson and chose the site Sydney Cove as the first British settlement in Australia. (thats why January 26 is celebrated as Australia Day) On May 13, 1787, the First Fleet of 11 ships sailed from Britain to Australia.A

8、dmiral Arthur Phillipthe founding father of AustraliaReasons:founded the first British settlement in Australia at a site in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbor)set up civil administration with courts of law instead of establishing the colony as a military prison.When he left New South Wales in 1792, the col

9、ony was well-established.Sydney HarborBritish settlementFrom 1788 to 1888, seven colonies were set up under the British rule, and the economies of the colonies developed well.Gold rush(1851)In 1868, transportation of convicts to Australia ended and free migrants from Britain began settling down. The

10、 Gold RushThe discovery of gold in Australia began in 1851 and occurred in the aftermath of a worldwide economic depressionmarked a turning point in Australias colonial historytransformed Australia economically, politically,and demographicallycaused more and more free settlers coming and a rise of t

11、he anti-transportation movement saw outbursts of racist violence against the Chinese gold miners The federation of AustraliaOn January 1, 1901, the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia1931 an independent nation of the British Commonwealth19141918, world war I 19391945,world war IIAfter wor

12、ld war, a large amount of immigrants went to Australia and contributed to the development of AustraliaThe federation of AustraliaGold rushThe First FleetCaptain James CookstimulateThe beginning of the British settlement in AustraliaProvide information for First FleetModern times after federationrapid economic development : the embracement of multiculturalism and Asian economic boomChallenges: race rel