民商法學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯

1、民商法學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯民商法學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯CivilLaws,CommercialLawsandEconomicLaws按照出資比例：inproportiontoonesrespectivecontributionstotheinvestment辦理注銷登記：canceltheregistration被代理人：theprincipal被侵權(quán)人theinfringed本人名義：inonesname標(biāo)的subjectmatter補(bǔ)償制度compensationsystem不動產(chǎn)登記制LotandBlockSystem財(cái)產(chǎn)法propertylaw財(cái)產(chǎn)的添附accretionofproper

2、ty;propertyaccession財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)propertymortgage財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)：therightofinheritance財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系和人身關(guān)系：propertyrelationshipsandpersonalrelationships財(cái)產(chǎn)管理人propertyadministrator;custodianofproperty財(cái)產(chǎn)混同confusion;hotchpots財(cái)產(chǎn)留置權(quán)encumbrance采用書面形式：inwriting倉單warehousevoucher草簽合同initialacontract;signareferendumcontract;adreferendumc

3、ontract長期合同long-termcontract償付能力solvencycapabilityofreimbursement超越代理權(quán)：beyondthescopeofonespowerofagency撤消合同cancellationofcontract撤銷合同cancelacontract;rescindacontract;avoidacontract撤銷權(quán)rightofrescission;rightofrevocation撤銷要約revocationofoffer;revokeanoffer撤銷遺贈cancellationowill;revocationofwill承運(yùn)人actua

4、lfaultofthecarrier承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)carrierslien誠信原則principleofgoodfaith誠實(shí)信用原則：principlehonestyandcredibility;principleofhonestyandgoodfaith;goodfaithprinciple;bonafideprinciple船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押權(quán)rightofmortgagewithrespecttoaship;mortgageoftheship;shipmortgage船舶抵押權(quán)的設(shè)定establishmentofmortgageoftheship船舶抵押的消滅exti

5、nguishmentsofthemortgageoftheship船舶抵押權(quán)登記registrationofshipmortgage船舶留置權(quán)possessorylien;lienofship村民委員會：thevillagecommittee懲罰性的損害賠償punitivedamages乘人之危：takeadvantageofonesunfavorableposition處分財(cái)產(chǎn)disposeofproperties處分權(quán)actofdisposition處分原則principleofdisposition代理民事活動：berepresentedincivilactivitiesby代理權(quán)終止：

6、theexpirationofonespowerofagency單獨(dú)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任undividedresponsibility單方法律行為unilateralobligation單方行政行為unilateraladministrativeact等價(jià)有償：makingcompensationforequalvalue對等原則principleofreciprocity對價(jià)consideration對抗措施countermeasure對人權(quán)rightinpersonam;personalright對世權(quán)realright;rightinrem惡意串通：conspiremaliciously惡意行為i

7、llwillmalafides法人judicialperson;legalbody法人的權(quán)利能力legalcapacityofjuristicperson法人的責(zé)任能力capacityforresponsibilityofjuristicperson法人權(quán)限corporatepower法人人格corporatepersonality法人身份statusofalegalperson法人團(tuán)體corporation法人資格corporatecapacity法人組織章程：thearticlesofassociationofthelegalperson負(fù)共同連帶責(zé)任liablejointlyandsev

8、erally負(fù)全部責(zé)任bearallresponsibilities;inallcharge負(fù)有解釋的義務(wù)accountable負(fù)有連帶義務(wù)的每個債務(wù)人：eachofthejointdebtors附帶的條件incident附帶要求contingentclaim附帶原因contributorycause;inherentcause附條件的民事法律行為：conditionalciviljuristicacts附條件的權(quán)利conditionalright賦予權(quán)力entitle個體工商戶：individualbusinesses個人合伙：individualpartnership各盡所能，按勞分配fr

9、omeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds給付定金：leaveadepositwiththeotherparty工商行政管理機(jī)關(guān)：theadministrativeagencyforindustryandcommerce公民基本義務(wù)fundamentaldutiesofcitizens合同contract合同法contractlaw合同副本copiesofthecontract合同規(guī)定contractprovisions/stipulations合同履行地法lexlocicontracts合同期限contractperiod(or

10、contractterm)合同條款contractterms(orcontractclause)合同有效期contractlife合同正本originalsofthecontract合伙人：partners合議制collegialsystem核準(zhǔn)登記的經(jīng)營范圍：withintherangeapprovedandregistered恢復(fù)原狀recoveryoforiginalstate;restitution;restorationofheoriginalconditions;retitutioinintegrum集體所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseundercollectiveowners

11、hip技術(shù)合同糾紛案件controversyoveratechnologycontract監(jiān)護(hù)人：guardian經(jīng)主管機(jī)關(guān)核準(zhǔn)登記：approvedandregisteredbythecompetentauthority居民委員會：theneighborhoodcommittee履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)：fulfilldutyofguardianship埋藏物、隱藏物：buriedorconcealedobject買賣、出租、抵押、轉(zhuǎn)讓：besold,leased,mortgagedortransferred農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶：leaseholdingfarmhouseholds平等主體：civilsubj

12、ectswithequalstatus企業(yè)法人被撤銷：thedissolutionofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業(yè)法人分立、合并：thedivisionandmergerofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業(yè)法人解散：disbandingofanenterpriseaslegalperson契約自由libertyofcontract取得不當(dāng)?shù)美簆rofitsacquiredimproperlyandwithoutalawfulbasis取得法人資格：bequalifiedasalegalperson全民所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseowne

13、dbythewholepeople讓與alien;alienate;assign;cede讓與的利益benefitofcession讓與權(quán)benefitofcession設(shè)定義務(wù)的規(guī)則ruleofimposingduty設(shè)立、變更、終止民事關(guān)系：establish,changeorterminatecivilrelationship所有權(quán)ownership書面合同awrittencontract雙倍返還定金：repaythedepositindouble雙方法律行為bilaterallegaltransaction擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alterorrescindonesactar

14、bitrarily他物權(quán)rightoverthepropertyofanother提供一定的財(cái)產(chǎn)作為抵押物：offeraspecificpropertyasapledge違反合同breachofcontract委托代理：entrustedagency委托代理人：anentrustedagent無過錯責(zé)任liabilitywithoutnegligence無民事行為能力人：apersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconduct無因管理：actasmanagerorprovideservicesinordertoprotectanotherpersonsinterestswh

15、enheisnotlegallyorcontractuallyobligatedtodoso下落不明oneswhereaboutshavebeenunknown限制民事行為能力人：apersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct享有連帶權(quán)利的每個債權(quán)人：eachofthejointcreditors行使代理權(quán)：exercisethepowerofagency宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declaretobeapersontobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct遺失物、漂流物：lost-and-found

16、objects,flotsam以抵押物折價(jià)或者以變賣抵押物的價(jià)款優(yōu)先得到償還：tokeepthepledgetooffsetthedebtorhavepriorityinsatisfyinghisclaimoutoftheproceedsfromthesaleofthepledge以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：performundertheguiseoflegitimateactswhichconcealillegitimatepurposes以欺詐、脅迫的手段：asaresultofcheatingorcoercion意思表示showonesintention意思表示真實(shí)：theintention

17、expressedisgenuine優(yōu)先購買的權(quán)利：arightofpre-emption優(yōu)先權(quán)priority,preemptiveright有過錯的一方：theerringparty有連帶責(zé)任的conjunctlyandseverally有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償：havetherighttoclaimrepaymentfromthedebt造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失：causeanypropertyloss責(zé)任能力capacityforresponsibility責(zé)任年齡capacityofresponsibility;yearofdiscretion債的標(biāo)的objectofobligation債的發(fā)生crea

18、tionofobligation債的消滅extinctionofobligation占有人有權(quán)留置該財(cái)產(chǎn)：thepossessorshallhavealienontheproperty指定代理：appointedagency執(zhí)行合同carryoutacontract,execute/implement/fulfill/performacontract主要辦事機(jī)構(gòu)：themainadministrativeoffice追償：claimcompensationfrom住所：domicile漢英對照分類法律詞匯（刑法學(xué)、行政法學(xué)）CriminalLawsandAdministrativeLaws幫助

19、當(dāng)事人毀滅、偽造證據(jù)罪crimeofaidingaclienttodestroyorforgeevidence綁架婦女兒童罪crimeofkidnappingwomenandchildren包庇、縱容黑社會性質(zhì)組織罪crimeofharboringamafia-stylesyndicate包庇毒品犯罪分子罪crimeofharboringdrugcriminals報(bào)復(fù)陷害罪caseofretaliationandframe-ups必要共同犯罪indispensablejointcrime并科原則doctrineofcumulatingpunishments剝奪權(quán)利deprivalofright

20、s不能犯impossibility；unrealizedoffense參加恐怖活動組織罪crimeoftakingpartinanorganizationengagedinterroristactivities超越管轄權(quán)excessofjurisdiction超越職權(quán)范圍oversteponesauthority懲辦和寬大相結(jié)合combinepunishmentwithleniency懲辦少數(shù)、改造多數(shù)的原則principleofpunishingthefewandreformingthemany懲罰措施punitivemeasure懲罰性制裁punitivesanction懲罰與教育相結(jié)合c

21、ombinationofpunishmentandeducation處以刑罰inflictpunishment處以有期徒刑sentencetofixed-termimprisonment觸犯法律breakthelaw；violatethelaw抽逃出資罪crimeofflightofcapitalcontribution抽象行政行為abstractadministrativeact出口騙稅犯罪活動criminalactivitiesofcheatingoutoftaxrebatesinexport出售偽造發(fā)票罪crimeofsellingcounterfeitcurrency出于對法律的無知f

22、romignoranceoflaw出于惡意frommalevolence從輕處罰givealesserpunishment從重處罰giveasevererpunishment單位受賄罪crimeofbribetakenbyaunit單一犯罪構(gòu)成singleconstitutionofcrime盜伐林木罪crimeofillegallychoppingdowntrees；crimeofillegallyfellingtrees盜竊、搶奪槍支、彈藥、爆炸物罪crimeofstealingorseizingguns，ammunitionorexplosives盜竊犯theftact；larcenis

23、t瀆職犯罪案件caseofderelictionofduty對象不能犯objectimpossibility多次作案repeatedlycommitcrimes罰不當(dāng)罪punishmentdoesnotfitthecrime犯意criminalintent；meansreal犯罪低齡化loweringagesofcriminaloffenders犯罪動機(jī)criminalmotive犯罪構(gòu)成constitutionofacrime；constitutiveelementsofacrime犯罪構(gòu)成要件specialconstitutiveelementsofcrime犯罪故意criminalint

24、ent；guiltyintent；meansreal犯罪集團(tuán)criminalgang；criminalgroup犯罪客觀要件objectivecircumstancesofacrime犯罪客體criminalobject；objectofacrime犯罪實(shí)行終了completionofacriminalact犯罪學(xué)criminology犯罪預(yù)防crimeprevention犯罪中止discontinuanceofcrime；desistanceofcrime犯罪主觀方面要素subjectiveelementsofcrime犯罪主體subjectofcrime犯罪著手initiateacrime

25、犯罪組織criminalorganization販賣毒品罪drugoffense；crimeofdrugtrafficking防衛(wèi)過當(dāng)unjustifiableself-defense防衛(wèi)挑撥instigationofdefense；provocationofdefense防衛(wèi)限度limitofdefense防止類似事件重演preventtherecurrenceofsimilarincidents妨礙公務(wù)罪crimeofdisruptingpublicservice妨害公共安全罪crimeofimpairingpublicsecurity放棄權(quán)利withdrawaclaim；waiveari

26、ght非法持、私藏槍支、彈藥罪crimeofillegallyholdingorhidingafirearmorammunition非法持有毒品罪crimeofillegallyholdingdrugs非法干涉illegalintervention非法干預(yù)unlawfulinterference非法出售增值稅專用發(fā)票罪crimeofillegalsellinginvoiceforexclusiveuseofVAT非法活動unlawfulactivities非法利益unlawfulinterests非法手段illegalmeans非強(qiáng)制性行政行為non-coerciveformofadminis

27、trativeaction非正式的informal；irregular非政府機(jī)關(guān)non-governmentalorganization非主要條件non-essentialstipulation非專業(yè)的non-professional誹謗罪crimeofdefamation隔地犯offenseofsegregationbylocation隔時犯offenseofsegregationbytime工具不能犯impossibilityofinstruments故意犯罪calculatedcrime；intentionalcrime故意殺人罪crimeofintentionalhomicide故意傷

28、害罪crimeofwillfulandmaliciousinjury管轄：jurisdiction慣犯habitualcriminal慣例customandusage過失犯罪criminalnegligence；involuntarycrime；negligentcrime國家賠償案件caseofstatecompensationprincipleofculpabilityforstatecompensationprincipleofdualfaultsforstatecompensation國家賠償法statecompensationlaw國家賠償主體subjectofstatecompen

29、sation國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)stateauthority國際審判機(jī)關(guān)statejudicialorgans國家行政機(jī)關(guān)stateadministrativeorgans國家意志stateswill國家職能functionofthestate國民待遇nationaltreatment黑社會性質(zhì)的犯罪集團(tuán)ganglandcriminalsyndicate；mafia-stylecriminalgang緩期二年執(zhí)行withatwo-yearreprieve緩刑probatecessatexecution集合犯aggregateoffense；collectiveoffense既遂犯accomplishe

30、dcrime繼承法inheritancelaw繼續(xù)犯continuouscrime加重處罰giveanaggravatedpunishmentbeyondthemaximumprescribed假冒他人注冊商標(biāo)罪crimeofcounterfeitingtheregisteredtrademarkofanother假釋parole假想防衛(wèi)imaginativedefense假想數(shù)罪imaginativelyseveralcrimes簡單共同犯罪simplejointcrime間接故意indirectintent；indirectintention教唆未遂attemptofsolicitatio

31、n劫持船只、汽車罪crimeofhijackingashiporanautomobile劫持航空器罪crimeofskyjacking結(jié)果犯consequentialoffend結(jié)果加重犯aggregatedconsequentialoffense結(jié)合犯combinativecrime；integratedoffensese拒不執(zhí)行人民法院判決、裁定罪crimeofrefusingoexecutejudgmentsorordersofthePeoplesCourt具結(jié)悔過makeastatementofrepentance具體行政行為specificadministrativeact具體罪名c

32、oncreteaccusation絕對不確定法定刑absolutelyindeterminatestatutorypunishment軍人違反職責(zé)罪crimesofsoldiersviolatingmilitarydutie抗稅罪offenseofresistingtaxes客體不能犯objectimpossibility空白罪狀blankfactsaboutacrime濫伐林木罪crimeofillegaldenudation累犯recidivist；repeatoffender；cumulativeoffense連續(xù)犯罪continuingcrime量刑criterionforsenten

33、cing；sentencingcriterion量刑不當(dāng)criterionforsentence量刑幅度extentfordiscretionaryactionofsentencing虐待罪crimeofabusingmemberofonesfamily挪用公款案caseofmisappropriationofpublicfunds偶犯casualoffender；casualoffense情節(jié)加重犯aggravatedoffensebycircumstances情節(jié)特別嚴(yán)重whenthecircumstancesareparticularlywicked情節(jié)嚴(yán)重、構(gòu)成犯罪的whentheci

34、rcumstancesaresoseriousastoconstituteacrime取保候?qū)弍ostabailandawaittrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving擾亂公共場所秩序罪crimeofdisturbingorderatpublicplaces刑法criminallaw刑罰penalty；punishment刑事責(zé)任能力criminalcapacity行政法administrativelaw；executivelaw行政法規(guī)administrativelawsandregulations行政法學(xué)administrativejurisprudence行政

35、解釋administrativeinterpretation行政救濟(jì)administrativeremedy預(yù)防犯罪anti-crime治安管理securityadministration治安條例securityregulations漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯法理、法制史、憲法學(xué)漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學(xué)）Jurisprudence,HistoryofLegalSystemsandConstitution按照法律規(guī)定accordingtolaw按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：beentitledtorightsinproportiontohispropershareofthecredit按照確定的份

36、額分擔(dān)義務(wù)：assumeobligationsinproportiontohispropershareofthedebt案例教學(xué)法casesystem案例匯編casebook;casereport;lawreport柏拉圖Plato保護(hù)人權(quán)與基本自由公約（1950）ConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsandFundamentlFreedoms,1950（羅）被視為bedeemedas被宣布為非法beoutlawed;bedeclaredillegal比較法comparativelaw比較法學(xué)comparativejurisprudence比較法學(xué)派sc

37、hoolofcomparativejurisprudence比較法制史comparativelegalhistory比較分析法methodofcomparativeanalysiscomparativepenallaw必然因果關(guān)系positivecausalrelationship緣法學(xué)borderlinejurisprudence變通辦法adaptation;accommodation補(bǔ)充規(guī)定supplementaryprovision補(bǔ)救辦法remedialmeasures不成文法unwrittenlaw不成文憲法unwrittenconstitution不動產(chǎn)所在地法律lawofthep

38、lacewheretherealpropertyissituated;lexlocireiimmobilisci不可分割的權(quán)利impartibleright不可抗力forcemajuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務(wù)non-performanceofobligation不要式行為informalact不要因的法律行為non-causaljuristicact不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptibleright不作為abstainfromanact;actofomission部門法departmentlaw部門規(guī)章regulat

39、ion參照consult參照具體情況inthelightofactualconditions參照原文consulttheoriginal查士丁尼法典CodeJustinian;CodexJustinianus查士丁尼法規(guī)匯編Authenticum超出法律范圍的outsideoflaw超出法律權(quán)限的extralegal超過權(quán)限exceedauthority;beyondjurisdiction成文憲法writtenconstitution沖突法conflictoflaws;rulesofconflict沖突規(guī)則conflictrule;ruleofconflict除（本法）另有規(guī)定外except

40、forotherwisestipulated（bythislaw）除外條款provisoryclause除外責(zé)任條款exclusionclause觸犯公共利益encroachonthepublicinterests觸犯國際利益goagainstthestatesinterests觸犯人民利益encroachontheinterestsofthepeople;goagainstthepeoplesinterests傳統(tǒng)法律觀念traditionalideasoflaw純粹法學(xué)puretheoryoflaw次要法規(guī)bylaw次要規(guī)則secondaryrule從寬解釋原則doctrineoflibe

41、ralconstruction從權(quán)利accessoryright達(dá)到法定年齡comeofage大法thefundamentallaw大法官LordHighChancellor大法官法院CourtofChancery大陸法系ContinentalLegalSystem大律師barrister大明律CriminalLawoftheMingDynasty（中）大陪審團(tuán)grandjury大清律例theCriminalLawsoftheQingDynasty（中）大憲章（1215）GreatCharter,1215（英）單行法規(guī)specificregulations單一法律體系unitarylegals

42、ystem單一制政府unitarygovernment但書proviso當(dāng)代法學(xué)動向currenttrendofjurisprudence當(dāng)然解釋naturalinterpretation黨紀(jì)國法partydisciplineandthelawofthecountry道德規(guī)范normofmorality道德義務(wù)moralobligation德國民法典GermanCivilcode德拉古Draco地方各級人民代表大會localpeoplescongressesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民法院localpeoplescourtsatdifferentlevels地方各級人民檢察院

43、localpeoplesprocuratoratesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民政府localpeoplesgovernmentsatdifferentlevels第二讀secondreading第三讀thirdreading二元論thedualistictheory二元君主立憲制dualconstitutionalmonarchysystem二元論thedualistictheory二元論者dualist二元制bicameralsystem法的本質(zhì)thenatureoflaw法的變化changesoflaw法的定義definitionoflaw法的發(fā)展development

44、oflaw法的分類divisionsoflaw法的概念conceptsoflaw法的規(guī)范作用normalizedusageoflaw法的繼承successionoflaw法律的理想idealoflaw法律的權(quán)威authorityoflaw法律的失效lapseoflaw法律的實(shí)施administrationoflaw;lawenforcement法律的適用applicationoflaw法律的統(tǒng)一unificationoflaw法律的推定presumptionoflaw法律的推理analogyoflaw法律的完整性integrityoflaw法律的效力范圍forcesscaleoflaw法律的效

45、力形式forcesformoflaw法律的修改alterationoflaw法律的演進(jìn)evolutionoflaw法律的原理principleoflaw法律地位平等equalinlegalstatus法律對人的效力personalactoflaw編纂法律方法legalmethodology法律分類classificationoflaw法律賦予權(quán)力authorityconferredbylaw法律改革lawreform法律概念legalconcept法律根據(jù)legalbasis法律工作者legalprofessional法律關(guān)系legalrelation法律關(guān)系的運(yùn)行processoflegal

46、relation法律關(guān)系客體objectoflegalrelation法律關(guān)系主體subjectoflegalrelation法律規(guī)定provisionsoflaw法律規(guī)范normoflaw法律規(guī)范的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)logicalstructureoflegalrule法律規(guī)則體系systemoflegalrules法律含義intendmentoflaw法律另有規(guī)定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw法律現(xiàn)象legalphenomenon法律研究legalresearch法律要件legalrequirement法律依據(jù)legalbasis法律意見legaladvice法律意見書legal

47、opinion法律意識law-consciousness法律意義legalsense法律用語legallanguage法律與正義先驗(yàn)論apriortheoryoflawandjustice考研英語閱讀熱點(diǎn)詞匯考研英語閱讀熱點(diǎn)詞匯教育詞匯education學(xué)歷educationalbackground教育程度educationalhistory學(xué)歷curriculum課程major主修minor副修educationalhighlights課程重點(diǎn)部分curriculumincluded課程包括specializedcourses專門課程coursestaken所學(xué)課程coursescomple

48、ted所學(xué)課程specialtraining特別訓(xùn)練socialpractice社會實(shí)踐part-timejobs業(yè)余工作summerjobs暑期工作vacationjobs假期工作refreshercourse進(jìn)修課程extracurricularactivities課外活動physicalactivities體育活動recreationalactivities娛樂活動academicactivities學(xué)術(shù)活動socialactivities社會活動rewards獎勵scholarship獎學(xué)金ThreeGoodsstudent三好學(xué)生excellentLeaguemember優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員ex

49、cellentleader優(yōu)秀干部studentcouncil學(xué)生會off-jobtraining脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)in-jobtraining在職培訓(xùn)educationalsystem學(xué)制academicyear學(xué)年semester學(xué)期（美）term學(xué)期（英）president校長vice-president副校長dean院長assistantdean副院長academicdean教務(wù)長departmentchairman系主任professor教授associateprofessor副教授guestprofessor客座教授lecturer講師teachingassistant助教researchf

50、ellow研究員researchassistant助理研究員supervisor論文導(dǎo)師principal中學(xué)校長（美）headmaster中學(xué)校長（英）master小學(xué)校長（美）deanofstudies教務(wù)長deanofstudents教導(dǎo)主任probationteacher代課教師tutor家庭教師governess女家庭教師intelligencequotient(IQ)智商pass及格fail不及格marks分?jǐn)?shù)grades分?jǐn)?shù)scores分?jǐn)?shù)examination考試grade年級class班級monitor班長vice-monitor副班長commissaryinchargeof

51、studies學(xué)習(xí)委員commissaryinchargeofentertainment文娛委員commissaryinchargeofsports體育委員commissaryinchargeofphysicallabor勞動委員Partybranchsecretary黨支部書記Leaguebranchsecretary團(tuán)支部書記Commissaryinchargeoforganization組織委員Commissaryinchargeofpublicity宣傳委員degree學(xué)位postdoctorate博士后doctor(Ph.D)博士master碩士bachelor學(xué)士student學(xué)生

52、graduatestudent研究生abroadstudent留學(xué)生returnedstudent回國留學(xué)生foreignstudent外國學(xué)生undergraduate大學(xué)肄業(yè)生senior大學(xué)四年級學(xué)生；高中三年級學(xué)生Junior大學(xué)三年級學(xué)生；高中二年級學(xué)生Sophomore大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生；高中一年級學(xué)生Freshman大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生Gueststudent旁聽生(英)Auditor旁聽生(美)government-supportedstudent公費(fèi)生commoner自費(fèi)生extern走讀生day-student走讀生intern實(shí)習(xí)生prizefellow獎學(xué)金生boarder寄宿生

53、classmate同班同學(xué)schoolmate同校同學(xué)graduate畢業(yè)生scholar學(xué)者詞跟詞綴一互助學(xué)習(xí)小組講義7月25日astro-星，星的astronaut宇航員naut(ship)astronomy天文學(xué)astrology占星術(shù)logy學(xué)，論astrospace宇宙空間，太空=spaceastronomer天文學(xué)者astronomical天文學(xué)的，龐大的astronomicalsumsofmoneywillbeneededforthisplan.實(shí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃所需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)是個天文數(shù)字。astrogate宇宙飛行與astro意義相同的2個詞綴：astr,asterasteroid小行

54、星asterisk星號（*）,星形物，加星號于擴(kuò)展幾個詞匯行星：aplanet恒星：afixedstar或apermanentstar衛(wèi)星：asatellite彗星：acomel流星：ashootingstar/ameteor超巨星：asupergiantstarMercury水星Venus金星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星mono單，單一的monopolyn.壟斷，獨(dú)占，專利這是一個6級詞匯例句：gainamonopoly獲得專利I權(quán)Insomecountriestobaccoisagovernmentmonoploy.Agooded

55、ucationshouldnotbethemonopolyoftherich.另一個名詞形式：monoplist有專利的人一個副詞形式;monopolistic動詞形式：momopolize(ise)v.壟斷tryingtomonopolizethesupplyofoil企圖壟斷石油供應(yīng)它的名詞形式：monopolizationmonotonousadj.單調(diào)的，枯燥的例句:monotonousvoice單調(diào)的聲音monotonouswork無聊的工作副詞形式:monotonouslymonotone單調(diào)的tospeakinamonotonemonotoneconcretebuildings單調(diào)的混凝土建筑monotonyn.單調(diào)，無聊relievethemonotonyofeverydaylife緩解日常生活的單調(diào)狀況擴(kuò)展詞匯:monologue自言自語，