牛津高中英語模塊七unit1語法(及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞)

1、v1.0可編輯可修改 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞英語中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有及物動(dòng)詞（ transitive verb）和不及物動(dòng)詞（intransitive verb）之分，縮寫形式分別為vt.和 vi .。及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞是指后面可直接跟賓語，并且必須跟賓語才能使其意義完整的動(dòng)詞。大部分及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。及物動(dòng)詞常用于以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)中：“主語+謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)此時(shí)的賓語可以是一個(gè)名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或者從句。如：Mary enjoys music .（ 名詞）He loves her. （代詞）I want to get your help.（不定式短語 ）I don t know what to

2、 do.（ 疑問詞 +不定式）The old man enjoys living in the countryside.（ 動(dòng)名詞短語 ）I don t think that he s right.（賓語從句）學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need,offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wishi等?？梢越右蓡栐~ + 不定式”作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider（考慮），decide, discover, explain,

3、forget, guess,know, learn, remember, see, tell , think, understand, wonder等。常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：advise, avoid, ban , delay, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind , miss , practice,risk 等。接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義差別很大的動(dòng)詞有：forget, remember, regret, mean 等?！爸髡Z+謂語+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個(gè)是表示人的間接賓語，一個(gè)是表示物的直接賓語。間接賓語一般在前面，

4、直接賓語在后面。如：Tom left Mary a message.有時(shí)直接賓語和間接賓語可以對(duì)調(diào)，此時(shí)間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或for。主語+及物動(dòng)詞+物（直接賓語）+to+人（間接賓語）。如：He offered a job to her.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+物（直接賓語）+for+人（間接賓語）。如：Mother made a nice dress for the little girl.v1.0可編輯可修改 學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：間接賓語前常用to 的動(dòng)詞有：give, tell, lend , sell , teach, send , write, show, return, bring,pass,

5、 leave, offer, hand 等。 間接賓語前力口介詞for 的動(dòng)詞有：buy, choose, get, make, order, sing,do , save 等。“主語+謂語+復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語在“意義”上是一種主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 如： We elected Li Yang our monitor.(Li Yang is our monitor.)The news made us sad.（We were sad.）能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等，用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語。如:He

6、 appointed John marketing manager.（ 名詞） The news made me happy.（ 形容詞）I found myself in darkness.（ 介詞短語）He encouraged her to work harder4不定式短語)Don t leave the water running after you have washed your hands.（分詞）a.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞believe 相信find 發(fā)現(xiàn) get 使keep 使保持 leave 留下 make 使 push 推 consider 認(rèn)為declare 宣布 i

7、magine 想象 judge判斷think 認(rèn)為We all believe him honest and kind.我們都相信他誠實(shí)、善良。b.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+名詞call叫 name 命名 make使成為wish 祝愿 consider 認(rèn)為keep 使choose 選擇 elect 選舉We consider him a strange person.我們認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)奇怪的人。c.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+帶to的不定式advise 建議 allow 允許ask 要求expect 期望invite 邀請(qǐng) get 使order 命令tell 告訴teach 教wish希望 warn 警告 want

8、 想要Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要慎重。d.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+to be+名詞/形容詞believe 認(rèn)為 consider 認(rèn)為 feel 感覺 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) imagine 想象 know 知道 suppose 猜測understand 理解 prove 證明 declare 宣布注意：這些結(jié)構(gòu)中的to be可能省略，也就是說，這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+名詞/形容詞”。e.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式have 使 make 使 let 讓 see 看見 notice 注意 feel 感覺 w

9、atch 觀看 look at 看 listen tov1.0可編輯可修改 聽 observe 觀察 discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) hear 聽見注意：這類動(dòng)詞（詞組）在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能省略to。 They are made to work all day long.f.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞see看見 hear 聽見 keep 使catch 抓住 find 發(fā)現(xiàn) have 讓watch 觀察smell 聞到100k at看observe 觀察 discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) get 使Can you hear someone playing the piano next door你能聽見隔壁有人在彈鋼琴

10、嗎g.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+過去分詞have使 get 使make使find 發(fā)現(xiàn) feel 感覺 see 看見 hear 聽見 think 認(rèn)為watch觀看I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有聽眾都聽見我說話。h.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+of sth.accuse控告cheat 欺騙 cure 治愈inform 通知 remind 提醒 rid 擺脫 rob 搶劫 warn 警告The song reminds me of my school days.這首歌讓我想起了 我的學(xué)生時(shí)代。及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+for doing sth.b

11、lame 指責(zé) criticise 批評(píng) forgive 原諒 excuse 原諒 pardon 原諒 punish 懲罰 scold 指責(zé)thank感謝Forgive me for saying so. I didn t mean to hurt you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫@樣說，我并不是故意傷害你的。j.及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+as/for等引起的介詞短語regard 看作 consider 認(rèn)為 choose 選擇 use 用 keep 保持，保留You can keep this book as your own.你可以留著這本書。學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥：有時(shí)作賓語的不定式、動(dòng)名詞。賓語從句跟一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，為保持句子

12、結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，要用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾，構(gòu)成“主語 +謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：found it very pleasant to be with your family.不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可以直接跟賓語，但可以接副詞、不定式、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The machine works smoothly.( 副詞)They stopped to take a short rest.(不定式短語）介詞短語）He is standing by the window.(不及物動(dòng)詞如果要接賓語，必須加介詞或副詞。這些加了介

13、詞的不及物動(dòng)詞，很多有固定的意思。如:v1.0可編輯可修改 The boy looked up very word he came across while reading.這類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有: appeal to, associate with, belong to, bow to, care for, complain of , consist of ,contribute to , depend on, end with, listen to , long for, object to, refer to, relate to, result in ,suffer from, think

14、of, wait for等。I .單項(xiàng)選擇The workers the glasses and marked on each box“ This Side Up .A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packedIf she doesn t want to go, nothing you can say willher. A.persuadeB. promise C. invite D. supportThe teachers in the city demanded that their pay close to the level of civil

15、 servants.A.be raisedB. would raise C. would rise D. shouldbe risenAsthe story, the truth about the strange figure is slowlydiscovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. developsThe president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he .A. has started B. starts C. started D. wil

16、l startThe new movie to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declinesWilliam found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damageMary, I John of his promise to help you.A. told B. reminded C.

17、 warned D. advisedI a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.v1.0可編輯可修改 A. borrowed B. opened C. entered D. ordered- Are you still mad at her-Not really, but I can t that her remarks hurt me.A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. declineI d prefer to my judgemen

18、t until I find all the evidence.A. show B. express C. pass D. reserven .用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語完成下列句子。reach /reach forThey Beijing by train on May 8.She the dictionary on the shelf.know /know of How did you come to thisI got to him in the autumn of 1963.meet /meet withHe is my assistant, and you can turn to him

19、 if you any problem when I m not here.I often her on the street.begin/ begin withKnowledge practice.Let s our class.m .閱讀短文，用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Policemen (call) by a shop in Livingston on Christmas morning. When they (arrive) they found two burglars (keep) in a lift with a heavy money box. The two men were in their twenties.They (brea