選修八 2.4《Unit 2　Reading》學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)模板課件

1、新課標(biāo)人教版課件系列高中英語(yǔ)選修(模塊）8-2.4Reading In pairs, look at these pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.Warming up一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖,一年內(nèi)就能長(zhǎng)出數(shù)百株草莓苗富貴竹插枝即活仙人掌每塊落地就生根Dolly是世界上第一例用體細(xì)胞乳腺上皮細(xì)胞,通過(guò)細(xì)胞核移植技術(shù),在復(fù)雜的人工操作下,得到的一只小綿羊 。多利2002年4月十六日美國(guó)第一頭克隆?！鞍住碑a(chǎn)下牛犢

2、喜作媽咪我國(guó)成功繁殖克隆兔 體形要比普通兔大許多2002年5月中旬成功地繁殖了一只胚胎細(xì)胞克隆兔。第一只克隆寵物貓克隆馬及其“母親兼姐姐”克隆的熒光小豬(左)和正常小豬(右) 克隆,是Clone的譯音,意為生物體通過(guò)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行的無(wú)性繁殖形成的基因型完全相同的后代個(gè)體組成的種群,簡(jiǎn)稱為無(wú)性繁殖。 克隆一詞于1903年被引入園藝學(xué),以后逐漸應(yīng)用于植物學(xué)、動(dòng)物學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)等方面。但克隆與無(wú)性繁殖是不同的。無(wú)性繁殖是指不經(jīng)過(guò)雌雄兩性生殖細(xì)胞的結(jié)合、只由一個(gè)生物體產(chǎn)生后代的生殖方式,常見(jiàn)的有孢子生殖、出芽生殖和分裂生殖。由植物的根、莖、葉等經(jīng)過(guò)壓條或嫁接等方式產(chǎn)生新個(gè)體也叫無(wú)性繁殖。綿羊、猴子和牛等動(dòng)物沒(méi)有人

3、工操作是不能進(jìn)行無(wú)性繁殖的。科學(xué)家把人工遺傳操作動(dòng)物繁殖的過(guò)程叫克隆,這門生物技術(shù)叫克隆技術(shù)。 克隆的基本過(guò)程是先將含有遺傳物質(zhì)的供體細(xì)胞的核移植到去除了細(xì)胞核的卵細(xì)胞中,利用微電流刺激等使兩者融合為一體,然后促使這一新細(xì)胞分裂繁殖發(fā)育成胚胎,當(dāng)胚胎發(fā)育到一定程度后,再被植入動(dòng)物子宮中使動(dòng)物懷孕,便可產(chǎn)下與提供細(xì)胞者基因相同的動(dòng)物。這一過(guò)程中如果對(duì)供體細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因改造,那么無(wú)性繁殖的動(dòng)物后代基因就會(huì)發(fā)生相同的變化。 In pairs discuss what you understand about clothing. Then list the questions you want to f

4、ind out .Share your lists with one another.Pre-readingQuestions about cloning1. What is a clone?A clone is group of cells or organisms that are genetically identical and have been produced asexually from the same original cell. They include natural and man-made clones.2. How is a clone produced?The

5、cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.3. What benefit

6、s can humans gain from cloning?1) Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease).2) It can help infertile people have babies.4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?1) People may want to clone themselves so

7、they can live forever.2) People may want to clone dead children.3) People may want to clone their favorite pets.Reading Please read the reading to get main idea, and then in groups, finish the following exercises. 1. The main idea of the text is_ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit th

8、e world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden主旨大意C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.2. Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true ac

9、cording to text?_ A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.細(xì)枝末節(jié)C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.A3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep

10、 succeeded because_. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceC. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyD. many other attempts to clone mammals failedB4. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because_. A. it pr

11、ovides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep5. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12推理判斷Do you know about: The procedure works of a sheep? 克隆羊誕生圖示 “多利”的誕生標(biāo)志著克隆研究取得新的進(jìn)展和重大突破,而且這個(gè)結(jié)果證明:動(dòng)物體中執(zhí)行特殊功能

12、,具有特定形態(tài)的所謂高度分化的細(xì)胞與受精卵一樣具有發(fā)育成完整個(gè)體的潛在能力。也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)物細(xì)胞與植物細(xì)胞一樣,也具有全能性.“多利”的誕生有什么重大的意義和影響？ 1. It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses, and even producing human beings. 突然每個(gè)人都看到了利用克隆技術(shù)治愈重病, 甚至制造人的可能性。 長(zhǎng)句難句:of using cloning to cure serious illnesses , an

13、d even producing human beings作定語(yǔ),其中using和producing是并列關(guān)系。2. Newspapers told stories of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves and religious leaders raises moral questions. 報(bào)紙報(bào)道了不良領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人希望克隆自己的消息, 宗教領(lǐng)袖提出了道德方面的質(zhì)疑。由and 連接了兩個(gè)并列分句, 前句中hoping to clone themselves作賓補(bǔ)。句中stories意為“消息”。 例句觀察(課文原句)The fact is that

14、 they are natural clones of each other.（作表語(yǔ)）The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.（作同位語(yǔ)）語(yǔ)法專攻:Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.（作同位語(yǔ)） However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.（作賓語(yǔ)） Cloning people is a good thing ,or a bad thing?克隆人是福音, 還是惡兆？Thinking意大利狂人醫(yī)生:安蒂諾里冒死也要克隆人的科學(xué)家:布瓦瑟利耶1.克隆技術(shù)現(xiàn)在還不成熟,克隆人可能有很多先天性生理缺陷。2.克隆人的身份難以認(rèn)定,他們與被克隆者之間的關(guān)系無(wú)法納入現(xiàn)有的倫理體系。反對(duì)克隆人3. 克隆技術(shù)有可能被濫用,成為恐怖分子的工具。4. 從生物多樣性上來(lái)說(shuō),大量基因結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的克隆人,可能誘發(fā)新型疾病的廣泛傳播,對(duì)人類的生存不利。1. “不讓我們克隆人,就是不讓我們修正我們的錯(cuò)誤,