鐵路行業(yè)NVH測試解決方案

1、鐵路行業(yè)NVH測試解決方案目錄行業(yè)背景鐵路行業(yè)NVH測試解決方案傳遞路徑分析TPA行業(yè)背景行業(yè)背景概述1875GB 125252003GB/T 34502007大提速GB/T 148922015正式下線2016載客運營ISO 3095ISO 3381Restricted Siemens AG 2018Page 4XX.XX.20XX鐵路行業(yè)NVH測試解決方案概述主要振動、聲源分布輪軌噪聲：滾動噪聲，曲線嘯叫，輪軌沖擊 噪聲。牽引噪聲：牽引電機，齒輪箱，制動系統(tǒng)等?？諝鈩恿W(xué)噪聲：車窗，車廂連接，轉(zhuǎn)向架 區(qū)域，受電弓及受電弓座等。聲源特性特性：不同速度主導(dǎo)聲源不同。中低速：牽引噪聲，輪軌噪聲。中

2、高速：輪軌噪聲，氣動噪聲。概述聲品質(zhì)分析聲品質(zhì)replay/filter, psycho-acoustic metrics, objective & subjective evaluations總量級測量（法規(guī)）車內(nèi)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點測量SLM, Leq, Octave, Loudness, AI,.聲場特性（聲模態(tài)）聲模態(tài)測試與分析Vibro-acoustic Modal analysis MLMM材料& 組件吸隔聲測量 absorption, transmission loss in-tube, in-situ, in-room聲學(xué)包測量傳遞路徑分析TPA工程化方法Transfer path Ana

3、lysis Acoustic Source Quantification車內(nèi)外噪聲源定位 intensity beam forming holography focalization噪聲源定位源傳遞路徑響應(yīng)響應(yīng)源=X !傳LMS關(guān)于NVH問題的解決思路與理念遞傳遞路路徑 徑分析響應(yīng)：車內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點噪聲車內(nèi)振動車內(nèi)聲源分布及強度傳遞路徑:二系懸掛(牽引拉桿，空簧，橫垂向減震器，）輔助設(shè)備懸置車體源:輪軌不平順牽引電機，齒輪箱氣動噪聲源響應(yīng)現(xiàn)場實驗室總量級與頻譜聲源定位與量化工作變形與工作模態(tài)Pa dB(A)85.00F Overall level Driver:S (A)80.0 F Order 2

4、.00 Driver:S (A) F Order 3.00 Driver:S (A)75.0 F Order 4.00 Driver:S (A)70.065.060.055.050.045.040.001000.00 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 6000.00rpmRpm Extr (T1)響應(yīng)!響應(yīng)：車內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點噪聲車內(nèi)振動車內(nèi)聲源分布及強度聲學(xué)薄弱部位特性聲學(xué)測試-材料屬性聲學(xué)測試-聲模態(tài)6000.001000.002000250030003500400045005000rpmRpm Extr (T1)85.0080.070.065.060.055.

5、050.045.040.0075.0Pa dB(A)F F F FOverall level Driver:S (A) Order 2.00 Driver:S (A) Order 3.00 Driver:S (A) Order 4.00 Driver:S (A)300.0030.00Hz FRRI:S (CH2)4500.00900.00Tacho1 (T1)rpm96.0025.00dBPa總量級與頻譜車內(nèi)噪聲振動解決方案振動（乘坐舒適性）ISO 2631EN12299車身模態(tài)傳遞路徑分析車內(nèi)噪聲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點處噪音水平（車地板上方1.2m，1.6m高）內(nèi)場聲源定位3D Acoustic Camer

6、a聲品質(zhì)材料聲學(xué)車內(nèi)聲源定位紅外測距儀+球形陣列=識別到真正的內(nèi)表面復(fù)雜內(nèi)場建模與聲源定位唯一解決方案！車內(nèi)聲源定位復(fù)雜內(nèi)場空間聲源量化唯一解決方案！車內(nèi)聲源量化與排序發(fā)動機倉面板左后車窗貢獻量計算:區(qū)域劃分(根據(jù)聲源定位結(jié)果):后門地板車輪區(qū)域車內(nèi)聲源量化與排序車窗后門地板區(qū)域車輪區(qū)域發(fā)動機倉板貢獻量(dBA)65.469.566.267.765.6對總聲壓級的貢 獻(dBA)-0.4-1.2-0.5-0.7-0.440455055606570500630800Contribution by area (dBA)1000125016002000250031504000Third octave

7、 band (Hz)WindowDoorFloor between seatsWheel areaEngine panelFloor貢獻量計算: 目標(biāo):找到最主要區(qū)域?找到每個區(qū)域的貢獻量?方法:計算每個區(qū)域的聲壓級計算每個區(qū)域?qū)偮晧杭?的貢獻車內(nèi)聲源量化與排序聲學(xué)包測試聲模態(tài)測試聲模態(tài)應(yīng)用轟鳴聲：聲模態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)有限元模型校驗與改進聲模態(tài)測試與分析專門的算法響應(yīng)點（Mics）：1000+激勵源：4+頻響函數(shù)矩陣：大于等于1000X4聲模態(tài)測試與分析專門的算法800.000.00Hz240.00Pa/m3dB160.00180.00-180.00PhaseFRF Reference_Poin

8、t:01/Source:01 FRF Reference_Point:02/Source:01 FRF Reference_Point:03/Source:01 FRF Reference_Point:04/Source:01 FRF Reference_Point:01:S/Source:01:S FRF Reference_Point:02:S/Source:01:S FRF Reference_Point:03:S/Source:01:S FRF Reference_Point:04:S/Source:01:S聲模態(tài)：大阻尼特 性！專業(yè)的算法PolyMAX PolyMAX Plus ML

9、MMFRFsPoles, Participation FactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesAdditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation step to smooth noisy data before PolyMAXMore stable in caseof noisy FRFs and more accurate damping estimatesProvides additional info about the uncertaintyAdds an additional Maximum Likelihood Estimator s

10、tep to improve the initial PolyMAX estimatesOptimization of curve-fitting qualityAlso performing well in case ofnoisy dataFRFsPoles, ParticipationFactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesMLEsmoothingSmoothed FRFsFRFsPoles, ParticipationFactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesMLMMImproved ModalModelPolyMAXPolyMAX PlusMLMM傳

11、遞特性實驗室傳遞路徑傳遞路徑:二系懸掛(牽引拉桿，空簧，橫垂向減震器，）輔助設(shè)備懸置車體結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)（位移與應(yīng)變模態(tài)）聲模態(tài)聲振傳函專業(yè)的算法PolyMAX PolyMAX Plus MLMMFRFsPoles, Participation FactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesAdditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation step to smooth noisy data before PolyMAXMore stable in caseof noisy FRFs and more accurate damping estimatesPro

12、vides additional info about the uncertaintyAdds an additional Maximum Likelihood Estimator step to improve the initial PolyMAX estimatesOptimization of curve-fitting qualityAlso performing well in case ofnoisy dataFRFsPoles, ParticipationFactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesMLEsmoothingSmoothed FRFsFRFsPole

13、s, ParticipationFactorsPolyMAXLSFDMode shapesMLMMImproved ModalModelPolyMAXPolyMAX PlusMLMM使用與不同要求的激勵源QSources500 to 10000 Hz0.8 Nrms50 to 5000 Hz2 Nrms20 to 2000 Hz6 Nrms5 to 200 Hz25 Nrms40 to 1000 Hz5 to 1000 Hz150 to 10000 Hz10 to 1000 HzRestricted Siemens AG 2018源結(jié)構(gòu)測試-模態(tài)聲學(xué)測試-聲功率聲學(xué)測試-聲模態(tài)現(xiàn)場實驗室源源:

14、輪軌不平順牽引電機，齒輪箱氣動噪聲源總量級與頻譜聲源定位與量化工作變形與工作模態(tài)Pa dB(A)85.00F Overall level Driver:S (A)80.0 F Order 2.00 Driver:S (A) F Order 3.00 Driver:S (A)75.0 F Order 4.00 Driver:S (A)70.065.060.055.050.045.040.001000.00 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 6000.00rpmRpm Extr (T1)85.0080.070.065.060.055.050.045.040.00

15、1000.0075.0Pa dB(A)F F F FOverall level Driver:S (A) Order 2.00 Driver:S (A) Order 3.00 Driver:S (A) Order 4.00 Driver:S (A)300.0030.00Hz FRRI:S (CH2)4500.00900.00Tacho1 (T1)rpm20002500300035004000450050006000.00rpmRpm Extr (T1)96.0025.00dBPa總量級與頻譜輪軌減振降噪解決方案滾動噪聲及曲線嘯叫鋼軌波磨Impact Testing+階次 分析低 噪 聲 鋼 軌

16、 Impact Testing+Modification Prediction扣件動態(tài)特性Impact TestingDurability Strength Durability解決方案：模態(tài)測試與分析；模型修正預(yù)測；聲能量級測試；車輪多邊形Impact Testing+階 次分析阻尼車輪Impacting Testing添加動力吸振器Impacting Testing+ Modification Prediction模型修正預(yù)測動力吸振器設(shè)計牽引噪聲解決方案聲強測試與分析二維，SoundBrush聲功率測試與分析聲源定位Durability Strength Durability材料及零部件

17、吸聲測試材料及零部件傳遞損失測 試阻抗管或聲學(xué)實驗室傳遞路徑分析階次分析扭振測試分析包絡(luò)解調(diào)倒譜分析齒輪箱牽引電機牽引變壓器，變流器，輔助變流器，空壓機等例牽引變壓器聲強聲功率測試+ ISO 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)+ 聲功率測試&聲源定位- 耗時(robot)+ 簡單快速問題查找+ 聲場三維可視化（三維聲強）Unique insight in flow (3D intensity)- 具有二維切片結(jié)果Intensity based Sound PowerLMS SoundbrushAssessment（Quautify Sound power）Engineering（Localization）氣動噪聲解決方案A

18、ero SourceTBLSteps, cavitiesbogiePantographs例利用聲源識別技術(shù)定位氣動噪聲Sound source Localization概述聲品質(zhì)分析聲品質(zhì)replay/filter, psycho-acoustic metrics, objective & subjective evaluations總量級測量（法規(guī)）車內(nèi)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點測量SLM, Leq, Octave, Loudness, AI,.聲場特性（聲模態(tài)）聲模態(tài)測試與分析Vibro-acoustic Modal analysis MLMM材料& 組件吸隔聲測量 absorption, transmission loss in-tube, in-situ, in-room聲學(xué)包測量傳遞路徑分析TPA工程化方法Transfer path Analysis Acoustic Source Quantification車內(nèi)外噪聲源定位 intensity bea