讀寫任務之材料概括

1、讀寫任務 Task writingSummary完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改 的，得0分；2. 機械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得 1分；3. 稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語、賓語、原 文詞序的，得2分；4. 創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結構的，最多得3分；5. 結構、用詞、詞性變化比較好的得4至5分。近幾年廣東高考概括部分評分細則 the six elements of a narrative passage who when / where / what How (process)At first: Then: why three brothersthe same pay3 y

2、ears later, different wagesago, leave the farm to work for the same company in the cityact differently towards the same workThe writer tells us three brothers, who worked for the same company , received different wages due to their different attitudes towards their work, which shows right attitude i

3、s of great help to ones life. (34 words)The writer tells us the right attitude is helpful by showing us the example of the three brothers, who worked for the same company, received different wages due to their different attitude towards their work. (35 words)概括短文內容要點: 找中心句，劃關鍵詞 記敘文: 主題情節(jié)套用句式:The wri

4、ter tells us by 誤區(qū)警示：考生往往犯以下的錯誤-主題大意概括不清，抄襲原文或表達了自己的意見,這些都會大大影響得分。所以:要想在考場寫作的緊張時刻用30個詞概括短文的內容要點，我們需要謹記下面的六種技巧: skill1: 省略細節(jié) Skill2: 省略重復了的內容 Skill3: 省略例子 Skill4: 用概括性的語言而不是精確的語言 Skill5: 使用短而精的連詞,如but, and, besides Skill6: 用間接引語表達對話內容。如何提高作文檔次(1)表達精練簡潔:表達不要羅嗦,若能用非謂語動詞做定語或狀語就不要用定語從句或狀語從句.(2)避免低級錯誤:避免語

5、法和拼寫的低級錯誤,避免被扣印象分.(3)保證賞心悅目:注重字體的美化,保持卷面整潔,提高印象分.(4)句子錯落有致:根據(jù)表達需要,交叉使用長句與短句,簡單句與復合句.(5)句式多種多樣:多樣化句式,方能顯示較強的語言功底,大大提高作文檔次.多樣化句式(1)用it is/was that強調句式.(2)用作狀語的介詞短語開頭的完全倒裝句或用以only in this way 等開頭的部分倒裝句.(3)用with的復合結構(with+賓語+賓補)作狀語.(4)用非謂語動詞簡化狀語從句或并列結構.(5)用what引導的名詞性從句.(6)用獨立主格結構.(7)恰當運用感嘆句,被動句等.(8)適當使用

6、插入語,如：to be honest, I guess, I think, personally等.(9)盡量用短語代替單詞來表達同樣的意思.(10)恰當使用關聯(lián)詞語, 除使用復合句的連詞外,寫作中經(jīng)常用到的關聯(lián)詞:廣東高考-讀寫任務 Task writingContent 1.2. Summary (about 30 words) Your opinion, argument and conclusion (about 120 words)3 Styles of PassagesStyles（體裁） Functions（功能）Narration(記敘文)describe a person o

7、r an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)show the writers point of viewExposition (說明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenon體裁關鍵句記敘文議論文說明文抓住who, what happened, 及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句How to find the key sentences or key words?概括所給短文內容要點:方法：找中心句，劃關鍵詞 議論文:論點，論據(jù)結論記敘文: 主題情節(jié)說明文:現(xiàn)象+原

8、因作者的觀點（如果文章有）The Steps of Writing a Summary(1)定時態(tài)：如果閱讀材料是過去時，那么基本時態(tài)用過去時；如果是現(xiàn)在時,那么基本時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時；(2)定人稱：一般情況下采用第三人稱來寫作，特殊如書信的，可能會使用第一、二人稱；(3)定技巧：結合相關技巧，重新組句。Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (記敘文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Models (議論文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (說明文概要模板)(1) 記敘文

9、概要模板點明寫作目的類：The writer tells us（主題）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情節(jié)）.作者經(jīng)歷類：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which他人經(jīng)歷類：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(2) 議論文概要模板The article gives the view that should / shouldnt（主題）. .（補充論據(jù)）.T

10、he passage highlights (強調) the importance of sth.The author argues that(3) 說明文概要模板現(xiàn)象揭示類： This article points out the common phenomenon -（主題), which.（補充解釋）.利弊對比類： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B / The passage discusses the impact(影響)of sth. On the positive side,

11、but it may also.研究顯示類： The study reveals(揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show that注意事項：“五定三忌” 定體裁；定主題；定時態(tài)； 定人稱；定技巧 忌照抄原文；忌私加觀點； 忌不符字數(shù)。Narration 記敘文 the six elements of a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)why Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college.

12、The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able

13、to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties ev

14、ery week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. the s

15、ix elements of a narrative passage who When/where /What How (process)At first: Then: At last: why MikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college lifeGet himself active in things套用語句1.摘要的開頭語(第一段開頭語)記敘文的摘要開頭語:The story/passage is aboutThe writer/author tells us about.The

16、 story mainly tells us that. _his first year of college life. At first he _, but aftergetting active in things for one semester,he _ and_ .didnt adjust himself welladapted to itenjoyed himselfcongratulations!Try it!本題為2008年廣東高考讀寫任務2.摘要后過渡語:在寫完摘要之后,要有過渡詞或過渡句,才使上下文自然銜接。記敘文的過渡語(引出類似的經(jīng)歷)This story remin

17、ds me of another story that happened toThis story reminds me of a similar experience ofI also went through such an experience.I have a similar experience.have/has a similar experience as.如何提高作文檔次(1)表達精練簡潔:表達不要羅嗦,若能用非謂語動詞做定語或狀語就不要用定語從句或狀語從句.(2)避免低級錯誤:避免語法和拼寫的低級錯誤,避免被扣印象分.(3)保證賞心悅目:注重字體的美化,保持卷面整潔,提高印象

18、分.(4)句子錯落有致:根據(jù)表達需要,交叉使用長句與短句,簡單句與復合句.(5)句式多種多樣:多樣化句式,方能顯示較強的語言功底,大大提高作文檔次.多樣化句式(1)用it is/was that強調句式.(2)用作狀語的介詞短語開頭的完全倒裝句或用以only in this way 等開頭的部分倒裝句.(3)用with的復合結構(with+賓語+賓補)作狀語.(4)用非謂語動詞簡化狀語從句或并列結構.(5)用what引導的名詞性從句.(6)用獨立主格結構.(7)恰當運用感嘆句,被動句等.(8)適當使用插入語,如：to be honest, I guess, I think, personall

19、y等.(9)盡量用短語代替單詞來表達同樣的意思.(10)恰當使用關聯(lián)詞語, 除使用復合句的連詞外,寫作中經(jīng)常用到的關聯(lián)詞:舉例: for example; for instance, such as 等列舉: for one thingand for another 一來,二來等.轉折: however(然而), but(但是), after all(畢竟)等.總結: in a word(總之),in brief(總之),in conclusion(最后)等.因果:thanks to, as a result (of), due to, therefore, so等.強調:indeed(確實)

20、,certainly(一定),above all(尤其)等.對比:in the same way(同樣地),just as(正如),compared with(與相比),on the one handand on the other hand一方面,另一方面.等.遞進:then(然后),besides(此外,還有), whats more(而且)等.備考策略:1.打好詞匯語法基礎2.閱讀注意概括要點3.關注社會現(xiàn)象和社會熱點,學會用英語表達想法4.每天一篇作文訓練(25分鐘)5.積累 “萬能”句型,寫作常用到的正確句型.6.建立詞句 “錯題集”7.保證卷面整潔美觀豐富的句式：(常用到的句型結構

21、） 利用不同的句型來表達同一個意思， 能增加文章的文采。 e.g. What a kind boy he is! How disappointed he was ! 感嘆句強調句e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny. I do hope you can come if possible. e.g. Only in this way can you solve this problem. There comes the police car. Hardly had they got to the station when th

22、ey met the young man.e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus. Come to me if necessary.e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.倒裝句省略句with短語 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information. Lets come to the mai

23、n teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library.定語從句e.g. Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.各種名詞性從句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it. The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting. So long as we work harder at our l

24、essons, well catch up sooner or later.各種狀語從句1. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名詞性從句）2. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒裝句)3. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用強調句型) 4. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虛

25、擬語氣）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.Practice 怎樣使用較豐富的句式和高級詞匯Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. I couldnt have passed the physics exam but for your help. 5. She walked out of the lab

26、 and many students followed her. (使用過去分詞)6. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)7.I wont believe what he says. （no matter what狀語從句） 8.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （祈使句+and）Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing, they we

27、nt back to school.No matter what he says, I wont believe. Study hard and youll make rapid progress.9He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒裝句)10.We all think he is a great man. (think highly of)11.As a result the plan was a failure. (turn out)12. When he spoke, he felt

28、more and more excited. (the morethe more)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.We all think highly of him .The plan turned out to be a failure.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.How to write a good summary of an article 1.An argumentation : The topic sentences the

29、supporting sentences the writers conclusion summarize them.2.A narrative passage : Get the information of six elements combine them smoothly form a summary.The elements of an argumentation1.a strong statement of opinion. (the topic sentences)2.support for the opinion. (supporting sentences)3. conclu

30、sion/suggestions.(the purpose of the passage)Argumentation Methods:1. Find out the topic sentences/ key phrases2. Find out the supporting evidences or facts.3. Find out the words or phrases that appear most frequently.How to summarize an argumentation well? Getting up early has been regard as a good

31、 habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usu

32、ally in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we

33、 will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early

34、every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences) a better memory a healthier body a better preparation for the day3. Conclusion/suggestions.a good

35、habit / benefit a lot The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.some set sentence patterns.The passage says/This passage states thatIn the writers opinion,The w

36、riter thinks that總結Styles（體裁） Functions（功能）Narration(記敘文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)show the writers point of viewExposition (說明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenon3 Styles of Passages- 3種常用寫作體裁體裁關鍵句記敘文議論文說明文抓住who, what happened, 及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句How to find the key sentences or key words?概括所給短文內容方法