形容詞、副詞-原級、比較級與最高級知識詳解練習(精)

1、.wd.wd.wd.形容詞、副詞-原級、比較級與最高級知識詳解專練一、概說英語中的形容詞和副詞有三個等級，即原級、比較級和高最級。比較級主要用于兩者比較，最高級主要用于多者比較。二、比較等級的構成1. 通過加后綴-er和-est構成。單音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)詞通過加后綴 er和-est構成比較級和最高級原級 比較級 最高級tall(高) taller tallestquiet(安靜的) quieter quietestearly(早) earlier earliest注：(1) 假設原級以字母e結(jié)尾，那么只加-r和-st：finefinerfinest。(2) 假設原級以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，那么應將

2、y改為i，再加-er和-est構成比較級和最高級：drydrierdriest。(例外：shy(害羞的)shyershyest)(3) 假設原級為重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母，那么雙寫這個輔音字母后加詞尾-er和-est構成比較級和最高級：bigbiggerbiggest。2. 通過在其前加more和most構成。多音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)詞通過在其前加more和most構成比較級和最高級：原級 比較級 最高級difficult(困難的) more difficult most difficultdangerous(不安全的) more dangerous most dangerousbra

3、vely(勇敢地) more bravely most bravely注：(1) 有的雙音節(jié)詞(如 clever, common, gentle, handsome, happy, narrow, polite, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid，often, seldom)可以有兩種方式構成比較級和最高級級：clevercleverer / more clever cleverest / most cleveroftenmore often / oftenermost often / oftenest。等。(2) 某些帶有否認前綴un-的三音節(jié)詞(如uncommo

4、n, unhappy, unpleasant, untidy等)可以用兩種比較級形式：unhappyunhappier / more unhappy unhappiest / most unhappy。三、形容詞與副詞比較等級的不規(guī)那么變化1. 常見的不規(guī)那么形容詞與副詞的比較等級變化原級 比較級 最高級good(好的) better bestwell(好，安康的) better bestbad(壞的) worse worstbadly(壞地，惡劣地) worse worstill(有病的) worse worstmuch(多) more mostmany(多) more mostlittle

5、(少) less leastfar(遠) farther / further farthest / furthest注：包含good, well, bad, ill的復合詞形容詞(如good-looking, well-known, well-built, bad-tempered 等)，通常將good, well, bad, ill 改為比較級和最高級，不過也可用more和most的形式：good-looking better-looking / more good-lookingbest-looking / most good-looking。2. farther, further與far

6、thest, furthest 的用法區(qū)別(1) 表示距離時，四個詞都可用：I can throw much farther further than you. 我可以比你扔得更遠。(2) 假設用于引申義，表示“更進一步、“此外等義，那么只能用 further：Well further discuss it. 我們會進一步討論它。Are there any further questions? 還有問題嗎?(3) further 可用作動詞，意為“增進、“推進等(其他幾個詞一般不這樣用)：His support furthered my career. 他的支持促進了我的事業(yè)。3. elder

7、, eldest & older, oldest 的用法區(qū)別(1) old 通常的比較級和最高級分別是 older, oldest?？捎糜谌嘶蛭?，可用作表語或定語，可與 than 連用：Im two years older than he. 我比他大兩歲。The cathedral is the oldest building in the city. 這座教堂是城里最古老的建筑。(2) elder 與 eldest 主要用于家人之間說明長幼關系。通常只用于人而不用于物，只用作定語而不用作表語，也不與 than 連用：This is my eldest son (daughter). 這是我的

8、大兒子(女)。His elder brother (sister) works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥(姐姐)在一家服裝廠工作。注：在美國英語中也可用 older, oldest 表示長幼關系：older brother 哥哥(3) elder 與 eldest 的區(qū)別是：前者指兩者中年紀較大的, 而后者指三者或三者以上的年紀最大的。如：ones elder son 指兩個兒子中年紀較大的一個，ones eldest son 指三個或三個以上的兒子中年紀最大的一個(4) elder 和 eldest 作為形容詞，通常只能用作定語，不用作表語；但假設不是用作形容詞(

9、即其后不接名詞)而是用作名詞，那么可以用作表語(此時通常有冠詞或物主代詞修飾)：Im the eldest in the family. 我是全家年紀最大的。He was the elder of the two sons. 他是兩個兒子中較大的。四、使用比較等級應注意的幾點1. 使用比較等級的 基本原那么。不作比較用原級，兩者比較用比較級，多者比較用最高級：He is very tall. 他很高。(盡管“很高，但沒有比較，故用原級)He is very short, but taller than me. 他很矮，但比我高。Among the three short girls, Mary

10、 is the tallest. 在這三個矮姑娘中，瑪麗是最高的。2. 不能使用雙重比較等級。即構成比較級時不能既加詞尾-er，又在其前加more；構成最高級時不能既在詞尾加-est，又在其前加most，如不能說more better, most earliest 等。不過“比較級+and+比較級這樣的形式卻完全可用：I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越來越胖了。Were going more and more slowly. 我們越走越慢了。3. 使用比較等級要注意符合邏輯。請看兩組正誤句：(1) 我的電腦比她的貴。誤：My computer is more

11、expensive than her正：My computer is more expensive than hers.析：從邏輯上說，應該是my computer 與 her computer 作比較，而不是my computer 與her 比較。上面正句中的hers=her computer。(2) 上海人口比中國其他城市的人口要多。誤：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any othe

12、r city in China.析：從邏輯上說，Shanghai在China范圍內(nèi)，或者說Shanghai也是China范圍內(nèi)的一個城市，假設不用other，那么句意為“上海的人口比中國任何城市的人口都多，4. 本身已含有比較意味的詞語通常不用于比較級Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡, 你更喜歡哪樣?She is junior to me. 她比我年紀小。5. 比較級前冠詞使用規(guī)律。比較級前通常不用冠詞，但有時也用，這主要見于以下情形：(1) 當比較級后接名詞時，比較級前可能用冠詞，此時的冠詞不是修飾比較級，而是修飾其后的名詞：Which is

13、the larger country, Canada or Australia? 中國和澳大利亞，哪個國家更大(2) 當要特指兩者中“較(更)時，比較級前通常要帶定冠詞，此時可視為比較級后省略了有關的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one：This dictionary is the more useful of the two. 在兩本詞典中，這本更有用。(3) 在比較級前用the表示程度(通常有表示原因、理由或條件的短語或從句)：I feel the better for my walk. 散了一下步我覺得舒服多了。I love him all the more for

14、 because of his faults. 正因為他這些缺點，所以我越發(fā)愛他。(4) 用于“the+比較級，the+比較級，表示“越來越：The sooner, the better. 越快越好。The more dangerous it is, the more I like it. 事情越是不安全我越喜歡。(5) 當by far用于修飾比較級且置于其前時，比較級前要用the：Hes by far the cleverer student. 他是個聰明得多的孩子。Its by far the quicker to go by train. 乘火車要快得多。注：by far假設用于比較級后

15、，那么通常不用the：Its quicker by far to go by train. 乘火車要快得多。6. 最高級前冠詞使用規(guī)律(1) 在形容詞最高級前通常有the：This is the best room in the hotel. 這是這個賓館里最好的房間。(2) 當最高級形容詞用作表語(尤其是當在which后)且不帶比較范圍時，the有時(尤其是非正式場合)可以省略：This dictionary is (the) best. 這本詞典最好。但是，當處于表語位置的最高級帶有比較范圍或帶有限定性修飾語時，其前的the通常不能省去：This dictionary is the bes

16、t I could find. 這是我能找到的最好的詞典。(3) 當要對同一個人或事物在不同情況下進展比照時，處于表語位置的最高級形容詞前不能加the：Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鮮時最好吃。比較：Hes busiest on Sunday. 他星期天最忙。(他與自己平時比)Hes the busiest of all the people. 在所有人當中他最忙。(他與別人比)(4) 在副詞最高級前可用the，也可省略：Among them, he studies (the) hardest. 在他們當中，他學習最刻苦。(5) 與形容

17、詞的最高級一樣，當要對同一個人或事物在不同情況下進展比照時，副詞最高級前也不能加the：She works hardest when shes doing something for her family. 她為自己家干活時最賣力。比較：Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest. 在所有工人中，他干活最賣力。7. than后的省略。(1) 假設than 所連接的兩個待比較的句子有一樣成分，通常有所省略，如說He is much taller than I (am). 而不能說He is much taller than I am tall.但是，假設

18、所連接的兩個待比較的句子沒有一樣成分，那么不能省略，否那么意思會有所變化。比較：He swims faster than I run. 他游泳比我跑步還快。He swims faster than I. 他游泳比我(游泳)快。(2) 有時用于類似以下這樣的省略句：Dont eat more than is good for you. 不要吃得過量。More food is wasted than is eaten in this canteen. 在這個食堂里浪費的食品比吃掉的還多。Some of the stories were really more than could be belie

19、ved. 有些故事實在認人難以相信。More people own houses these days than used to years ago.與幾年前相比，目前有更多的人自己有房子。為了便于理解，可以認為這類省略句的than后省略了what(但實際上這個what通常不宜補上，除非在英國某些方言里)，但也有人認為在一些類似情況下than有點像關系代詞，引導一個類似于定語從句的句子(但又不完全像定語從句，因為有時其前沒有先行詞)，這類省略句通常不能補上所缺的主語或賓語(因為than就充當了主語和賓語)。另外，還有以下這樣的省略形式(即不僅省略了主語，而且省略了助動詞)：He returne

20、d three days earlier than expected.(=than he was expected.)他比所預料的早回三天。8. 比較級和最高級的常見修飾語(1) 比較級的修飾語有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等：This is very much better. 這個好得多。Japanese is much far more difficult than English. 日語比英語難多了。He knew a great d

21、eal more than I did. 他所了解的比我了解的多得多。He works hard, but she works still harder harder still. 他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。(2) 最高級的常見修飾語有 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等：He is far more careful than I am. 他比我仔細得多。This is by the best news for a long time. 這是很久以來最最好的消息。This

22、is much the most important. 這是最最重要的。I think this is the very best dictionary. 我想這是最最好的詞典。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國第二長河流。Of the three boys Jim is by no means the cleverest. 在這三個男孩子中，吉姆絕不是最聰明的。注：very不能修飾比較級，卻可修飾最高級，但它與一般的修飾最高的副詞有所不同，即它要放在最高級前定冠詞之后，而不是之前(另外，second, th

23、ird, next等也要入在定冠詞之后)。五、常見比較等級句型1. 當A B 時，用“比較級 + than + 比較對象來表示。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的小。注意：一般來說，比較對象為人稱代詞時，用主格或賓格均可。但是，當句子中謂語動詞為及物動詞時，人稱代詞用主格或賓格意義不同。如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜歡你。I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜歡你勝過喜歡他。2. 用A B，表示最高級1直接使用比較級How beautiful

24、she sings! Ive never heard a better voice.= She has the best voice Ive ever heard.她唱得多好?。∵@是我聽到的最美的歌喉。I have never read a more interesting novel.= It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說。2比較級 + than + the other + 復數(shù)名詞 比較級 + than + the rest of + 復數(shù)名詞 比較級 + than + any of the other +

25、 復數(shù)名詞 比較級 + than + any other + 單數(shù)名詞 比較雙方屬于同一類別或同一范圍內(nèi)。即表示“同一范圍內(nèi)的一者比其他的更.。 比較級 + than + any + 單數(shù)名詞 比較雙方不屬于同一類別或同一范圍內(nèi)。即表示“不同范圍內(nèi)的一者比其他任何一者都更.。 She goes to school earlier than the other girls.她比其他女孩早上學。He works harder than any other student.她學習最用功。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中

26、國是亞洲最大的國家Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa 。3比較級 + than + anything/ anyone elseGeorge did more work than anyone else.喬治干活最多。Tom cared more for money than for anything else湯姆最喜歡錢。4在比較句型中使用 no, nobody, nothing 等詞。I like nothing better than swimming.我最喜歡游泳。Nobody can do the work better than he

27、 did.這項工作他做得最出色。No other building is as grand as the new hotel.新建的賓館是當?shù)刈詈廊A的。5 在使用這一構造時須要注意：使用這一構造來表達同一范疇中最高級含義時，切記不可出現(xiàn)自身比較錯誤。如下面的翻譯句子：中國是所有亞洲國家中最大的一個。如果譯為：China is larger than all the countries in Asia. ()China is larger than any country in Asia. ()應譯為：China is larger than any other country in Asia.

28、China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.China is larger than the others in Asia.China is larger than any of the others in Asia.4. 當A = B 時，用“as + 原級 + as + 比較對象來表示。如：She is as tall as me。她與我一樣高。He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床與他父母起得一樣早。5. 當A B 時，用“not so /as + 原級 + as +比較對象來表示

29、。如：Im not as so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸運。He doesnt study as so hard as Mary. 他學習不如瑪麗努力。6. 當A = 數(shù)字B 時，用以下構造來表示：(1) 用“數(shù)字 + times + as + 原級 + as +比較對象來表示。如：Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他們的房子大約有我們房子三倍大。(2) 用“數(shù)字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比較對象 來表示。如：Your

30、office is three times the size of ours. 你的辦公室是我們辦公室的三倍大。(3) 用“數(shù)字 + times + 比較級 + than + 比較對象來表示。如：He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。注：假設指兩倍，以上各句型中的“數(shù)字+times那么應換成twice。如：This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 這個房間的長度是那個房間的兩倍, 但窄得多。7. 在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高級表示，構造為“the

31、+ 最高級 + 比較范圍。如：She is the best player in the team. 她是隊里最優(yōu)秀的運發(fā)動。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有學生中最用功的。8. 表示“越來越時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級。如：Your English is getting better and better. 你的英語越來越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越來越困難了。9. 表示“越就越時，用“the + 比較級，the + 比較級。如：Th

32、e younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年紀越輕，學習越容易。The more money you make, the more you spend. 你掙的錢越多，花的錢也越多。10. “否認詞+謂語+比較級相當于最高級。如：Ive never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird Ive ever seen.這是我所見過的最好的鳥。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她

33、唱得多好??！我從來沒有聽過這么動聽的聲音。11.Who / Which + be +比較級 ，A or B Who is taller，Tom or John12 + be + the 比較級 + of the two. 兩個之中比較的那一個，包含在兩個之中Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.13。 much / a lot / even / far + 比較級A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 計算機比自行車貴多了。14. Who / W

34、hich + be +最高級，A，B，or C Who is the tallest，Tom，Jack，or David Tom，Jack與David三個人中誰最高15、 + be + one of the +最高級 +復數(shù)名詞，表示“最的之一。The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黃河是中國最長的河流之一。16、+ be +the + 序數(shù)詞 +最高級 +單數(shù)名詞 + 范圍，表示“是。的第幾。She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我們班第二高的學生。17、

35、+ be + the 最高級 that 某人 have/ has ever + 過去分詞。This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.這是我看過的最有趣的書。六 比較級與最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 原級與比較級轉(zhuǎn)換的常見句型： not so (as) +單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞+ as 單音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的反義詞比較級 + than。例如：Tom is not so(as) tall as John. Tom is shorter than John. not so (as) + 多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞 + as less + 多音節(jié)形容詞或

36、副詞原級 + than。例如：Tom is not so(as) careful as Mary. Tom is less careful than Mary.2. 比較級間的轉(zhuǎn)換：常改變比較對象的位置并使用形容詞或副詞的反義詞。例如：John is younger than Bill. Bill is older than John.Li Mei comes earlier than Ma Hong every day. Ma Hong comes later than Li Mei every day.3. 比較級轉(zhuǎn)換為最高級的常見句型： 比較級+than + any other + 單數(shù)

37、名詞。例如：Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class. Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class. 比較級 + than + the other + 復數(shù)名詞。例如：Mike is younger than the other boys in his class. Mike is the youngest boy in his class. 比較級 + than + anyone/ anything else。例如：Mr Smith is fatter than anyone

38、 else in his office. Mr Smith is the fattest in his office.never +比較級。例如：I have never seen a better film.This is the best film I have ever seen.I have never slept better .This is the best sleep I have ever had.經(jīng)典考題1【2012黔西南】13. Which city has _population, Beijing, Guiyang or Xingyi?XIngyi, of course

39、.A. the largest B. the smallest C. the most D. the least2【2012福建福州】36. Shu-How Lin is now one of_basketball players in the NBA.A. popular B. more popular C. the most popular3【2012北京】28. I work hard this term, but Peter works much _.A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest4【2012廣東】40. Eighteen kid

40、s died in the school bus accident in Gansu Province. Its_ one that I have ever heard of.A. a very serious B. a more serious C. the most serious D. the least serious5【2012貴州安順】25.If there is _ pollution, the air in our city will be dirtier. Aless; more Bmore; much Cless; less Dmore; more6【2012 湖北黃石】3

41、4.The_you work at your lessons, the_results you will get.A.hard; good B.harder; good C.hard; better D.harder; better7【2012湖北隨州】24.The worlds population is growing _, and there is _ land and water for growing rice. A. larger; less B. larger; fewer C.more; less D.more; fewer8【2012湖北孝感】26. Lets go shop

42、ping at the new mall.Why not shop online? Its .A. expensive B. more expensive C. less expensive D. the most expensive9【2012湖北孝感】33. A number of volunteers willing to teach in Chinas rural areas.Yes, the number is getting .A. is; bigger and bigger B. are; bigger and biggerC. is; more and more D. are

43、more and more10【2012江蘇鹽城】7.This schoolbag is not expensive. And the price of it is the of the three.A. lowest B. biggest C. highest D. smallest11【2012江蘇揚州】6.She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English Classics Reading Contest. I have never heard a voice than that before.A. good B. well C

44、. better D. best12【2012江蘇鎮(zhèn)江】12. He speaks French well, but of course not _ a person born in France.A. as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly13【2012江西】33. You should practice more to improve your English, then youll be _ at it.A. good B. better C. best D. the best14.Today it

45、s normal for married women to go out to work, but it was _ in the past. A mon B.more common C.less common D.the most common15. You are doing great! Ive never had_ answer before.A. better B. best C. a better D. the best16.【2012湖北襄陽】34. Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the school talent show?

46、OK, but a dress might be _. A. good B. bad C. better D. worse17【2012山東濟寧】19.In the talent show, I performed well and Ann did even_.A.well B.better C.more D.worse18【2012 山東臨沂】30. Breakfast is _ meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night without food.A. important B. more important

47、C. the most important D. very important19Tom is_ than any other players in the school teamAtall Btaller Ctallest Dmore tall20【2012四川達州】27. Peter has changed a lot, hasnt he?Yes. He used to the guitar, but now he is more in playing soccer.A. plays; interested B. play; interested C. play; interesting

48、D. playing; interest21【2012四川涼山】25. Mike always does his homework as_ the exams.A. good B. well C. Better22【2012綿陽市】2. Which do you like _, summer or winter?Id prefer winter.A. better B. best C. good D. well23【2012天津】36. Who listens _, Tom, Jack or Bill?A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the

49、 most careful D. more careful24【2012重慶市】39. What do you think of the film you saw yesterday? Oh! Its one of films Ive ever seen. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting25【2012貴州六盤水】39. -Its summer now the weather is getting_. A. higher and higher B. lower and l

50、ower C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder26【2012貴州省畢節(jié)市】30. When winter comes, days get _.A. long and long B. short and short C. longer and longer D. shorter and shorter27【2012貴州黔東南州】27. Someone says Time is, money. But I think- time is_ important than money. A. less B. much C. even more D. much least28【2012山東東營市】33. At present, blogs are traditional diaries (日記) among young people.A. very popular B. as popu