牛津譯林版英語必修1《Unit1 Grammar and usage》課件

1、Grammar and usageUnit 1School LifeObjectives1. To get some ideas about attributive clauses2. To be able to find attributive clauses in an article3. To know the usage of relative pronounsNote: Pay much attention to “that” and “which”. 語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學生從已學課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言

2、規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。Observe the sentences you have learned.1. Who do you think is the greatest person that has ever lived, Eddie?2. On 20th July 1969, Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.3. It is said that Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control which said that two huge, strange objects

3、 landed near them and were watching them.Have A L k4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom, the highest award that a US citizen can receive.5. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possib

4、le.6. The computer that I bought last year isnt working properly!7. He was one of the famous people which Mr Wu mentioned yesterday.8. Do you know the famous American scientist which invented over 1000 things? Observe the sentences from this unit.1. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.2. I lov

5、ed the lessons that she gave in English Literature.3. David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. 4. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. 5. Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.6. Some of the books were gi

6、fts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.7. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.Guessing Gameto test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessFill in the

7、 blanks with appropriate words.1. Who do you think is the greatest person _ has ever lived, Eddie?2. On 20th July 1969, Armstrong became the first human _ walked on the moon.3. It is said that Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control _ said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were

8、 watching them.that that whichgo Ready?4. The most important award _ Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom, the highest award _ a US citizen can receive.5. Neil Armstrong is the person _ made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.thatthatwho6. The

9、 computer _ I bought last year isnt working properly!7. He was one of the famous people _ Mr Wu mentioned yesterday.8. Do you know the famous American scientist _ invented over 1000 things? thatwhichwhichSentences from this unit.1. I sat next to a girl _ name was Diana.2. I loved the lessons _ she g

10、ave in English Literature.3. David was one of the most helpful students _ we ever had. 4. Some of the cities in China _ he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. whosethatthatwhich5. Most of the students _ he taught have become his friends.6. Some of the books were gifts _ he got from

11、 his Chinese friends and students.7. The paintings _ David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.whomthatthat1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. He is the man _ I saw yesterday. 3. Please pass

12、 me the book _ cover is green. whom/thatwhoseHarry Pottera boy with glassesa boy who is brave and wearing glassesa brave boyAttributive 定語(用來修飾名詞的成分)I am an astronaut. An astronaut is a person.He works and travels in space.An astronaut is a person. He works and travels in space.whoI was sent into th

13、e sky by a space craft.A space craft is a vehicle (運載工具). It can travel in space.A space craft is a vehicle _ can travel in space.that / whichI came here on June 11, 2013.It was that day _ I was sent into the sky.when I was sent into the sky on on June 11, 2013.space capsuleI work and live in a spac

14、e capsule.Space capsule is a place _ an astronaut works and lives. whereIt is a space capsule.An astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.2. A space craft is a vehicle that / which can travel in space.3. A space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.4. 25th Sept. 2008 was the day w

15、hen Liu Boming was sent into the sky.antecedent 先行詞relative pronoun 關(guān)系代詞relative adverb關(guān)系副詞antecedent 先行詞1. 定義：又稱形容詞性從句，在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞，起定語作用。2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which, that, who, whom, whose等where, why, when在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語在定語從句中作狀語Relative pronounsRelative adverbsAttr

16、ibutive clausesNow, read the points and examples on Page 8, and think about:Nouns can be modified by _, _, and _. Pay attention to their different positions.2. Read Point 2, and find out what the function of the words in blue in each sentence is?Attributive clausesRead the article on P9 and underlin

17、e the attributive clauses in it.課本練習Paragraph 1：David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. (The antecedent: one of the most helpful students; the relative pronoun: that, used as the object in the clause)In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese cul

18、ture. (The antecedent: Oxford University; the relative adverb: where, used as the adverbial in the clause)Paragraph 2: Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. (The antecedent: some of the cities; the relative pronoun: which, used as the object in th

19、e clause)Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends. (The antecedent: most of the students; the relative pronoun: whom, used as the object in the clause)Paragraph 3： Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.(The antecedent: gifts, the relative p

20、ronoun: that, used as the object in the clause)The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. (The antecedent: the paintings; the relative pronoun: that, used as the object in the clause) 指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語

21、作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省which指物，在定語從句中做_做_時?？墒÷浴?) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 主語或賓語 賓語2. that指人時

22、，相當于who或whom；指 物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作 _，作_時常可省略。Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?2) The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer. 4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. 主語或賓語 賓語3. who指人，作_，作 _可省略

23、。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The student (who) we met at the school gate is from America.4. whom指人，作_， _省略， 但是如介詞提前則_省略。 The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li. 主語或賓語 賓語賓語 可不可5. whose 在定語從句中作_，與后面的 名詞為所屬關(guān)系。 whose多指人，也可指 物，指物時可與 of whic

24、h互換使用。1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?= Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 定語I like the baby who/tha

25、t/whosegnaw (咬, 啃) his fingersgrovel (趴) on the groundWhich baby do you like best?Which is your favorite monkey?Complete the following article (Page 11) about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose. 課本練習p11A There are several differences between high schools in the USA and high scho

26、ols in China. For one thing, students _ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of the time _ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students _ do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams. Students _ the teachers f

27、ail maywhowhichwhowhom/who have to take the classes again. For another thing, many courses are classes _the students can study just for fun, but _they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still decide t

28、he teacher _ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher _ they like or respect.whichwhichwhose whom/whothat和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換，但在下列情況下，一般用that而不用which。 (1) 限制性定語從句中先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代詞指物時。(something用that或which均可) Have you

29、taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.Note:(2) There be 句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.This is the first time (

30、that) I have been in Beijing.(4) 先行詞是who或which引導(dǎo)的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? (5) 當先行詞既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. Look at the man and his donk

31、ey that are walking up the street.(6) 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修飾。Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 緊跟介詞作賓語 (二單元語法點)There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2) 在非限制性定語從句中

32、(三單元語法點) Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.(3) 作定語 He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.一般用which而不用that的情況。Time for reflection指代內(nèi)容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人；物物人人(人/物)的主語,賓語主語,賓語主語,賓語賓語定語作賓語可省作賓語可省作賓語可省可省不可省Can you fill out the table?Tips for t

33、eacherThe followings are some exercises.If time is limited, the teacher can choose some to practise with the students.Quiz I: Multiple choice. The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which2. Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face , p

34、robably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when 3. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why4. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D.

35、what 5. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. A. whichB. where C. whenD. what6. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 7. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes

36、of those _ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 8. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. whichQuiz II: Translation. 1. 昨天我看的那部電影非常令人感動。2. 他丟失了他父親給他的那塊手表。3. 剛才跟你講話的那個人是我們的校長。The film that I saw yesterday is

37、very moving.He lost the watch that/which his father gave him.The man who talked to you just now is our principal.4. 我撿到的那本書是小王丟失的。5. 我們最需要的東西是時間。6. 我最喜歡的學科是英語。The book which/that I picked up is the one that Xiao Wang lost.The thing that we need most is time.The subject that/which I like best is Engl

38、ish.7. 站在學校門口的那個人是我們的老師。8. 你知道那個馬尾辮 (ponytail) 長長的女 孩嗎？我永遠忘不了那位教授上星期給我們 做的講座。 The man who is standing at the school gate is our teacher.Do you know the girl whose ponytail is long?I will never forget the lecture that the professor gave us last week. 10. 我丟了那本紅封面的書。 I lost the book _.11. 你能告訴我你們上星期參觀的工廠的 名字嗎？ Can you tell me the name of the factory _?12. 他就是我正在找的人。 He is the man _ _.whose cover is red (which/th