英語四六級四級定語從句分析課件

1、Grammar定語從句復(fù)習(xí) 第1頁，共16頁。 定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語為例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定語從句 在英語中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.第2頁，共16頁。先行詞和關(guān)系詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞

2、。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。先行詞、關(guān)系詞/引導(dǎo)詞對等 代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行詞關(guān)系詞 bike關(guān)系詞的作用：既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定 語從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。第3頁，共16頁。關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)關(guān)系代詞： （如上例who/which） 1. 除了代替先行詞外

3、，2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分，3. 同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 （把主句和從句連起來）第4頁，共16頁。 說明如下The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 從句 which、that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡單句連接 起來。 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代

4、詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句) The woman is my mother(從句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主語是單數(shù)第5頁，共16頁。 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientist

5、s. (從句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主語是復(fù)數(shù) 關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 : 首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which 最后，要確定關(guān)系代詞的人稱和數(shù)(請看以上例句)第6頁，共16頁。注意 定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。. The woman wh

6、o/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (從句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示過去時(shí)間)定語從句的辨認(rèn)（思考步驟） 找出先行詞 a.確定在從句中關(guān)系代詞的人稱、數(shù)和性。 b.確定定語從句的位置 確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分以確定關(guān)系代詞的格 確定從句的時(shí)態(tài) （定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)都不受主句的限制）第7頁，共16頁。關(guān)系代詞的使用方法定語從句常用的關(guān)系代詞有

7、：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 that多指物，在從句中作主語或作動詞的賓語。（that/which作賓語時(shí)可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Ha

8、ve you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost? 第8頁，共16頁。 2. which 指物,在從句中作主語或賓語。作主語不可省略;作賓語可以省略。 ( which 與that 指物時(shí)可以互相代替，that 更常見。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night wa

9、s very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人(既它的先行詞必須是人),在從句中作主語或賓語。但whom 是賓格,只能作賓語。(that有時(shí)也指人.代替who,whom,可作主語或賓語) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hu

10、rt in the accident are my classmates.第9頁，共16頁。 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Ill call a person

11、. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I cant find the house .My friend lives in it.I cant find the house whose friend lives in it.第10頁，共16頁。1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. Thi

12、s is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意: 固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:look after,look at 關(guān)系代詞與介詞 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)

13、,介詞賓語只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略)第11頁，共16頁。 定語從句中需注意事項(xiàng) 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo)從句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything不定

14、代詞時(shí),只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that引出從句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.第12頁，共16頁。4.先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修飾，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can

15、offer you.5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用 用who,而不用that1.先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself

16、 dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.第13頁，共16頁。附加部分 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有 數(shù)種作用。 在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語。連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。 關(guān)系副詞有三種： where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn). ( on/in/atwhich) when: 在從句中作時(shí)

17、間狀語,指代時(shí)間。(on/ inwhich) why: 在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因。 the reason why 第14頁，共16頁。關(guān)系副詞的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.先行詞關(guān)系詞第15頁，共16頁。2.when的用法： （先行