淺析中西方對待傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日態(tài)度產(chǎn)生不同文化影響力

1、-. z題 目:淺析中西方對待傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的態(tài)度 產(chǎn)生的不同文化影響力The Analysis on Cultural Influence of Traditional Festivals from the Different Attitudes in China and Western CountriesAcknowledgmentsFirst of all, I would like to e*press my profound appreciation to my supervisor, Professor Yang Ling, for her patient direction and s

2、elfness advice in my final study. And I also appreciate all teachers who teach me in past three years, thanks for their guidance and encouragement.Secondly, I contribute my genuine thanks to my roommates for their enthusiastic gratitude in my study and my daily life as well.Thirdly, I should e*press

3、 my appreciation to my beloved family for their great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe thanks to my friends who gave me their help and time listening to me and helping me to solve the problem during the difficult course of the thesis.AbstractDifferent countries have different soc

4、ial, cultural and historical background, customs and habits. Festival is one of the most important parts of a nations culture and it affects a nation and its faith. The festival culture is profound. Each nations festival culture customs are established by usage and each has distinctive national feat

5、ures and rich colorful forms. The thesis introduces some Chinese and western traditional festivals which we are familiar with and aims to analyze the different cultural effects of attitudes towards different festivals.Key Words: traditional festivals; attitude; cultural influence; China and western

6、countries摘 要不同的國家有不同的社會、文化、歷史背景、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣。節(jié)日，是一個民族文化的最重要的局部，它影響一個國家或者民族的信仰。節(jié)日文化博大精深，各國的節(jié)日文化風(fēng)俗是約定俗成的，有各自鮮明的民族特色和豐富多彩的表現(xiàn)形式。本文介紹并比擬我們熟悉的一些中西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日以及中西方對待傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的態(tài)度所產(chǎn)生的不同文化影響力。關(guān)鍵詞：中西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，態(tài)度，文化影響力，中西方國家ContentsTOC o 1-3 h z uHYPERLINK l _Toc353962341Acknowledgments PAGEREF _Toc353962341 h iHYPERLINK l _Toc35396

7、2342Abstract PAGEREF _Toc353962342 h iiHYPERLINK l _Toc353962343摘要 PAGEREF _Toc353962343 h iiiHYPERLINK l _Toc3539623441 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc353962344 h 1HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623452 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc353962345 h 2HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623463 The Different Ways and Attitudes to Celebrat

8、e the Traditional Festival PAGEREF _Toc353962346 h 3HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623473.1 Christmas Day PAGEREF _Toc353962347 h 3HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623483.1.1 The ways to celebrate the Christmas Day in western countries PAGEREF _Toc353962348 h 4HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623493.1.2 The ways to celebrate Christmas

9、Day in China PAGEREF _Toc353962349 h 6HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623503.1.3 The different attitudes for China and western countries to celebrate traditional festivals PAGEREF _Toc353962350 h 7HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623513.2 Valentines Day PAGEREF _Toc353962351 h 8HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623523.2.1 The ways to cel

10、ebrate Valentines Day in western Countries PAGEREF _Toc353962352 h 9HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623533.2.2 The ways to celebrate Valentines Day in China PAGEREF _Toc353962353 h 11HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623543.2.3 The different attitudes for China and western countries to celebrate traditional festivals PAGEREF

11、 _Toc353962354 h 12HYPERLINK l _Toc3539623554 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc353962355 h 13HYPERLINK l _Toc353962356Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc353962356 h 14-. zThe Analysis on Cultural Influence of Traditional Festivals from the Different Attitudes in China and Western Countries1 IntroductionDifferent people

12、 have different attitudes towards the traditional festivals in China and Western countries. There is a discussion among some Internet users about their attitudes and thoughts of traditional festivals.People give their opinions on it. People hold that nowadays students are very crazy about western fe

13、stivals, such as Christmas, Valentines Day. They really enjoy western festivals enthusiastically rather than Chinese traditional festivals. And now there are lots of pleasures for young people. To them, the best rela*ing way is to stay with friends and have something for fun. So the festival is the

14、best way for them to get together with others and rela* themselves. Through the paper, the first part at the beginning shows the origin about Christmas Day, then e*plains the different ways and attitudes for young group how to celebrate the traditional festivals and treat the cultural influence. The

15、 second part is still to e*plain the definition and origin about Valentines at first, and main content is the different ways and attitudes for youngsters how to celebrate, then e*pound the cultural influence.2 Literature ReviewKou Fuming (14), a reviewer said, among the world economy globalization m

16、akes the world links increasing closely, cross-cultural munication is frequent, the cultural tradition bees the resource shared in the whole world. At the cultures fusion, we must insist on the civilization of the nation culture. We should insist on traditional culture, keep our own nations cultural

17、 features and personality, and keep status in our culture.Jin Sheng*ia (37) said that the western festivals are very popular in China, especially among young group, but on the other hand, the Chinese festivals are not popular as western ones. The western festivals impact on the Chinese festival is n

18、ot informed in one time. Its emergence and development in China hasvarious reasons inside and outside, including political, economic, business, education and media.Li Mi(75) said when the Chinese festivalsmeet western festivals, the Chinese festivals bee more desalination, but they have a special li

19、king on western festival. Two different cultural contact for a long time then the cultural elements are mutual munication, actually is the system to integrate and the progress of acculturation. 3 The Different Ways and Attitudes to Celebrate the Traditional Festival3.1 Christmas DayThe Christmas Day

20、 is a short form of Christs mass. It is on December 25th every year. And it is also a kind of church service on a religious festival. On that day people celebrate Christmas as the birthday of Jesus. There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over the world, but many of the festiv

21、ities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. There was a story about the birth of Jesus. In Nazareth, a city of Galilee, Mary was betrothed to Joseph.Before they came together, she was found with a child of the holy spirit. Joseph, her husband was minded to put her away secretly, whi

22、le he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the lord appeared to him in a dream and told him to take Mary as his wife, and Mary would give birth to a son, called him Jesus, he would save his people from their sins. Before Jesus birth, Joseph and Mary came to Quirinals. So everyone went to

23、 his city went to be registered. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, to be registered with Mary. Who was with child. When they were there, the days were pleted for her to be delivered, and she brought forth her

24、 firstborn son, wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. 3.1.1 The ways to celebrate the Christmas Day in western countriesDecember 25 is the day for Christians to memorate the birth of Jesus, known as Christmas. Westerners wear in red

25、, green and white as the Christmas color, Every family decorated with Christmas colors. Red and white for Santa Claus, who is the most popular figures in Christmas activities. On Christmas Eve, before their sleep, the children put a sock ne*t to the fireplace waiting for Santa Claus to present the g

26、ifts.Santa Claus is generally depicted as a fat, jolly man with a white beard, a red suit and he drove a sleigh full of toys drawn through the air by eight reindeer. Santa Claus is said to visit on Christmas Eve, entering houses through the chimney to leave the presents under the Christmas tree in t

27、he stockings of all good children and poor. Christmas tree is used specifically to celebrate Christmas, in the early 1600s in Germany and surrounding countries. The families would set up Christmas trees in a prominent location of their homes and decorate them with colored paper, small toys, food, an

28、d sometimes candles. As these people moved or immigrated to other countries, they brought this tradition with them. There are such colors associated with Christmas such as the red of holly berries, of Santa Clauss or Father Christmas outfit; the green of fir trees; the gold of candles and stars; and

29、 the whiteness of snowy fields. Red is the prominent color and also the color of the month December. As a religious symbol it stands for fire, blood and charity. Green is a symbol for nature, youth and the hope of eternal life. With a newborn child as its central symbol, Christmas is a feast of hope

30、. White is a religious symbol which stands for light, purity, joy and glory. White is seen in the robes of Christmas angels, in Santas beard and suit trimmings, as well as in Christmas snow and snow flakes. In the warmer climate, the snow is artificial, so as to show the link with the Northern Yulet

31、ide. Gold stands for sunlight and radiance. It is the color of Christmas stars, tinsel, candles, and electric lights. Christians who were once pagans saw their new God as they had the Sun the radiant being who lights the world. Many artists show Christ in a pool of light, or with a bright halo aroun

32、d his head. On this day, in the run up to Christmas most houses and streets are decorated with Christmas trees and lots of colored lights. The sound of carols and Christmas song can be heard everywhere especially in shops. Christmas cards are sent to friends and relatives, and most homes will have a

33、 tree which is decorated with lights, tinsels and lots of colorful ornamentsmany of them handmade over the years. Presents are placed under the tree ready to be opened on Christmas Day. Children write letters to Santa Claus, telling him what present they would like to receive for Christmas, and many

34、 stores have their own “Santa for children to meet. Many people attend church services on Christmas Eve or Christmas Morning. The churches are decorated with evergreens, poinsettias and scenes of the Nativity. After the evening service on Christmas Eve, the family will gather together for a time of

35、celebration. Adults often drink eggnog a drink made of cream, milk, sugar, beaten eggs and brandy or rum and children drink hot cocoa, apple cider. Like Chinas traditional festival, the Spring Festival, on that day, the Chinese family get together and have a dinner called “tuan yuandinner, “The Nigh

36、t before Christmas is read to children before they go to bed to wait for the arrival of Santa Claus, who arrives in a sleigh pulled by reindeer. Stockings are hung up so that Santa can fill them with candies, fruit and other small gifts. 3.1.2 The ways to celebrate Christmas Day in ChinaWith the glo

37、balization, more and more foreign cultures are poured into China, including the celebration of Christmas. From the high street to the local barbershop, on December 25, you will find every color and stature of Christmas decoration and trees. Particularly in urban areas, giant trees are erected in fro

38、nt of every supermarket and hotel and restaurant. Though its not a public holiday in China, we can actually feel the sweetness of a grand festival.Christmas celebrations are being more popular in China itself. Why is Christmas so widely wele by Chinese people, especially young people? In my point of

39、 view, there are two reasons. First, the Chinese traditional public holiday can provide people an opportunity to rela* themselves. On that day, all kinds of different activities would be carried out. They can get together with their best friends or their lover. Second, the diversity of Christmas bri

40、ngs new blood into Chinese culture. It makes our life more brilliant and interesting. Thus more and more people enjoy in such a celebration.In China, on Christmas, people would also e*change beautiful Christmas gifts with each other. These Christmas gifts are the ideal way to e*press love and care t

41、o the loved ones. Therefore, no matter Christmas is our traditional festival or not, one can participate in the spirit of Christmas celebrations, and share his fantastic feelings with others in such a day. And on Christmas day, you will find there are a large number of young people who get together

42、with their friends, either his or her boyfriend or girlfriend; they are going to have a good dinner and then take a whole night to play with . Singing or dancing, they also take whole night to stay with his friend or her lover. 3.1.3 The different attitudes for China and western countries to celebra

43、te traditional festivalsEvery country has its own traditional festivals, and has different influence on cultural background, customs, and religions. For western countries, Christmas Day, just like our Spring Festival, all people want to stay with their relatives, because they can get together with t

44、heir family members. Most festivals with a carnival color, but in China, Chinese festivals emphasize reunion. Most young people feel bored and encumbrance, like a burden, so they does not really understand, e*perience, feeling this traditional festival. And also business and some medias purpose is j

45、ust for huge profit, so they put some mercial interests and effort to push the result. There is another reason, in the past, in our country, some people just emphasized the politic life style but played down the traditional and folk customs. Now, the people are leading a rather affect life, so they

46、need a festival to create the clima* of life. They stay together only for fun. 3.2 Valentines DayValentines Day started at the time of the Roman Empire. In ancient Rome, February 14th was a holiday to honour Juno. Juno was the Queen of the Roman Gods and Goddesses. The Romans also knew her as the Go

47、ddess of women and marriage. The following day, February 15th, began the Feast of Lupercalia. Under the rule of Emperor Claudius II Rome was involved in many bloody and unpopular campaigns. Claudius the Cruel was having a difficult time getting soldiers to join his military leagues. He believed that

48、 the reason was that Roman men did not want to leave their lovers or families. The good Saint Valentine was a priest at Rome in the days of Claudius II. He and Saint Marius aided the Christian martyrs and secretly married couples, and for this kind deed Saint Valentine was apprehended and dragged be

49、fore the Prefect of Rome, who condemned him to be beaten to death with clubs and to have his head cut off. He suffered martyrdom on the 14th day of February, about the year 270. At that time it was the custom in Rome, to celebrate the Lupercalia, feasts in honour of a heathen god. On these occasions

50、, amidst a variety of pagan ceremonies, the names of young women were placed in a bo*, from which they were drawn by the men as chance directed. The pastors of the early Christian Church in Rome endeavored to do away with the pagan element in these feasts by substituting the names of saints for thos

51、e of maidens. And as the Lupercalia began about the middle of February, the pastors appear to have chosen Saint Valentines Day for the celebration of this new feast. So it seems that the custom of young men choosing maidens for valentines, or saints as patrons for the ing year arose in this way. 3.2

52、.1 The ways to celebrate Valentines Day in western countriesValentines Day is celebrated on February 14 of each year, the reason why it is celebrated on this day is that this was the day that the Patron Saint of Lovers “St. Valentine was supposedly e*ecuted on.On this day lovers all around the world

53、 mark this occasion as a day for sending poems, cards, flowers or candy, etc. They might also be a social gathering or ball to mark the occasion.Many Valentines Day customs involved ways that single women could learn who their future husbands would be. Englishwomen of the 1700s wrote mens names on s

54、craps of paper, rolled each in a little piece of clay, and dropped them all into water. The first paper that rose to the surface supposedly had the name of a womans true love.Also in the 1700s, unmarried women pinned five bay leaves to their pillows on the eve of Valentines Day. They pinned one leaf

55、 to the center of the pillow and one to each corner. If the charm worked, they saw their future husbands in their dreams.One of the oldest customs was the practice of writing womens names on slips of paper and drawing them from a jar. The woman whose name was drawn by a man became his valentine, and

56、 he paid special attention to her. Many men gave gifts to their valentines. In some areas, a young man gave his valentine a pair of gloves. Wealthy men gave fancy balls to honor their valentines.Valentine cards became popular in Great Britain in the nineteenth century. Noted artist Kate Greenaway cr

57、eated cards which featured joyful children and beautiful gardens. Esther Howland was one of the first Valentine card manufacturers in the United States.Inspired by a British card, she began production in 1847. Her cards featured lace and paper flowers and leaves. Other card manufacturers emphasized

58、Cupid, the pudgy, winged son of Venus, the goddess of love. In Roman lore, Cupid is known as Eros, the son of Aphrodite.In the United States and Canada, children e*change valentines with their friends. In some schools, the children hold a classroom party and put all the valentines into a bo* they ha

59、ve decorated.At the end of Valentines Day, the teacher or one child distributes the cards. Many children make their own valentines from paper doilies, red paper, wallpaper samples, and pictures cut from magazines. Sometimes they buy kits that include everything needed to make valentines. Many childr

60、en send their largest, fanciest cards to their parents and teachers.In Europe, people celebrate Valentines Day in many ways. British children sing special Valentines Day songs and receive gifts of candy, fruit, or money. In some areas of England, people bake valentine buns with caraway seeds, plums,