牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) Unit 1 Friends 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與習(xí)題（無(wú)答案）

1、八年級(jí) Unit One 知識(shí)點(diǎn)集錦知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解Comic Strip Welcome to the Unithonest以元音因素開(kāi)頭，故當(dāng)表示“一位誠(chéng)實(shí)的.”應(yīng)用“an honest”,反義詞為 dishonest【拓展】be honest with sb. 對(duì)某人坦誠(chéng)【例題】-Look! Whos_ boy over there? -Oh, he is my cousin Bob. He is_ honest boy. A.an; the B. the; an C. the; acare動(dòng)詞：關(guān)心，在意；還可作名詞，譯為“小心，照料”形容詞形式有兩個(gè)：careful(小心的，仔細(xì)的)，ca

2、reless“粗心的”；其對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞形式為：carefully “小心地，仔細(xì)地”，carelessly“粗心地”。 【搭配】care常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)：care for照顧；take care注意，當(dāng)心；care about關(guān)心；關(guān)懷；take care of照顧polite反義詞 impolite,意為“沒(méi)有禮貌的，粗魯?shù)摹保?其副詞形式politely,意為“禮貌地”。lie為可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為lies. lie還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“說(shuō)謊；躺；臥”。lie作“說(shuō)謊”講時(shí)，其過(guò)去式為lied;做“躺，臥”講時(shí)，其過(guò)去式為lay. lie現(xiàn)在分詞為lying.【搭配】tell a lie說(shuō)謊；lie

3、down躺下 （tell stories 講故事 tell jokes 講笑話）【例題】你不應(yīng)該對(duì)你的朋友撒謊。You shouldnt _ _ to your friends.true 形容詞“確實(shí)的；的確；真實(shí)的，忠實(shí)的” （1）Yes, thats true 是的，確實(shí)如此。 （2）Do you think he is a true friends? 你認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)忠實(shí)的朋友嗎？【探究】true 既可以用在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，又可以用在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。true的副詞形式為truly,名詞形式為truth. 說(shuō)出真相 tell the truth【辨析】real和truereal強(qiáng)調(diào)人或事物真

4、是存在，而不是想象的或虛構(gòu)的。True強(qiáng)調(diào)符合事實(shí)。是真的而不是假的，是相符的而不是編造的?！纠}】(1) Lily is my_ (忠實(shí)的) friend. I can tell her everything about myself.(2) This story is not exactly_ (真實(shí)的)6. Make是使役動(dòng)詞，其后可接動(dòng)詞原形、形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Make具體用法如下：(1) make+sb./sth.+adj. “使某人或某事變得.” Ill make it easier.我將使他變得更容易些。(2) “make+sb./sth.+n.” “使某人或某物成為.”

5、(3) “make sb. do sth.” “讓/迫使某人做某事”【拓展】與make類似，后面也接動(dòng)詞原形作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下幾類：一感（feel），二聽(tīng)（hear, listen to），三讓（let, have, make），四看（watch, see, notice, look at ）。Can I have some more food.我可以再來(lái)一點(diǎn)食物嗎?【探究】more是many和much的比較級(jí)，常用來(lái)修飾名詞?！就卣埂?1) more之前可用基數(shù)詞或some, any, many, much, a little, a few, no等詞修飾。 （2）“基數(shù)詞+more+

6、名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可與“another+基數(shù)詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)互換，意為“再.” 如：two more books= another two books=two boos more在日常交際用語(yǔ)中，向別人提出建議的句型有以下幾種：“Lets+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“讓我們.吧。”“What/How about+動(dòng)詞ing/名詞/代詞賓格”意為“.怎么樣？”“Shall we+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“我們.好嗎？”“Why dont we/ you+動(dòng)詞原形”或“Why not+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“為什么不.？”“Would you like (to do) .?”意為“你愿意/想要（做）.嗎？”“Would/ Will yo

7、u please+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“請(qǐng)你.好嗎？”Maybe we can share it. Maybe意為“也許，可能，大概”是副詞?！颈嫖觥縨aybe和may bemaybe常位于句首，表示不太肯定的推測(cè)，相當(dāng)于perhaps, probably, possibly.在口語(yǔ)中maybe可單獨(dú)使用。May be意為“可能是，也許是”，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加系動(dòng)詞be構(gòu)成，常用于句中，放在主語(yǔ)后作謂語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。【例題】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 They may be in the classroom.=_ they in the classroom.Do you believe what he/ she

8、 says? 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序【拓展】當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是believe, think, suppose等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。I dont think he will come with you.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)的?！纠}】(1) 你知道她在哪兒?jiǎn)幔?Do you know_ _ _?我想他今天不會(huì)來(lái)了。I_ _ he will come today.我相信他不是小偷，不是嗎？I_ _ hes a thief, _ _?ReadingVoice即可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。 Betty has a

9、 good voice.貝蒂有一副好嗓子?！颈嫖觥縱oice, sound和noisevoice意為“嗓音”，一般指人說(shuō)話、唱歌、談笑的聲音，也可指動(dòng)物的鳴叫聲。sound意為“聲音，響聲”，范圍很大，可指大自然的任何聲音。noise意為“噪音，喧鬧聲”，常指不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲?！敬钆洹縤n a loud/ low voice大聲地/低聲地 in a sweet voice用甜美的聲音 raise ones voice提高嗓音almost “幾乎，差不多”。常用來(lái)修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞等。almost不能用not修飾，但可放在no, none, nothing等的前面?！就卣埂縩early的意思

10、與almost相近，但nearly與no, none, nobody, never等詞連用。knock. onto將某物碰到.上 knock at/ on敲. knock down打到；撞倒 knock over撞翻；碰倒 knock. off把.從.上撞倒/打翻【例句】(1) When he walks past our desks, he often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.當(dāng)他經(jīng)過(guò)我們課桌時(shí)，他經(jīng)常把我們的書和鋼筆撞倒地上。 (2) Peter knocked the glass off the table and broke i

11、t.彼得把玻璃杯打翻，從桌子上掉下去摔碎了。choose既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可做不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是chose，名詞形式是choice.【搭配】(1) choose to do sth.選擇做某事 （2）choose sb. to do sth.選擇某人做某事 (3) choose from從.中選擇Betty is one of my best friends.貝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。【探究】one of+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“最.之一”；of后如果是名詞，名詞前還應(yīng)加上限定詞，如the, these, our等。one of后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接代詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！纠}】-W

12、hat do you think of the film you saw? -Oh! Its one of_ _ films Ive ever seen. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting be ready to do sth.= be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事【辨析】be ready 和 get readybe ready “準(zhǔn)備好了”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；get ready“為.做準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作。She helps me with my homew

13、ork and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.【探究】(1) help sb. with sth.=help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事。in need(= in trouble) 是介詞短語(yǔ)，意為“有需要的，處于需要狀態(tài)的”，通常作后置定語(yǔ)?！就卣埂縝e in need of sth.需要某物 in great need of很需要【例題】(1)我們應(yīng)該隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助需要幫助的人。We should be ready to help people_ _.(2)那里的人很需要醫(yī)生和護(hù)士。Peop

14、le there are_ _ _ of doctors and nurses.(3)今晚你能幫我做家庭作業(yè)嗎？Can you_ _ _ my homework this evening.Everyone為不定代詞，相當(dāng)于everybody。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！颈嫖觥縠veryone與every oneeveryone指人，every one既可指人也可指物。Everyone不能與of連用，而every one可以，意為“.中的每一個(gè)”?！纠}】Everyone in pur class_ (have) a pet.say a bad word about sb.=speak ill o

15、f sb.說(shuō)某人的壞話【拓展】say a good word about sb.=speak well of sb.說(shuō)某人的好話【例題】(1) -Shall we go and_ “hello” to the foreign teachers? -Good idea! Lets go. A. say B. speak C. talk D. ShoutThe two pictures look the same to me. Its hard to_ one from the other. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tellGrammar1. What is his

16、height= How tall is he?他多高？height 形容詞為highadj.比較級(jí)的用法 1. 表一方超過(guò)另一方用“比較級(jí) + than”“the +比較級(jí), the+比較級(jí) 越, 越eg. 1) 越多越好。the more, the better 2) 越少越壞。The less, the worse3. “比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí)” “more and more +原級(jí)” (只用于以“more”構(gòu)成比較級(jí)的詞) 意為“越來(lái)越.”eg. 1) 他的鞋子越來(lái)越臟。His shoes are_ 2) 衣服越來(lái)越貴。Clothes are _“the + 比較級(jí) + of 兩者”表

17、示“在兩者中較eg. Lily is _ (short) of the two girls.5. 為免重復(fù)，在than后常用one(s), that, those等詞來(lái)替代前面提到過(guò)的名詞。 eg. The weather there is better than _ in Nanjing. A. one B. it C. that D. Those6. 在比較級(jí)前可用 much, even, a little, a lot等來(lái)修飾eg. Now the air in our hometown is _ than it was before. A. much better B. more wo

18、rse C. more better D. much worst“Which/Who is+比較級(jí)， A or B?”意為“A和B哪一個(gè)/誰(shuí)更.?”“比較級(jí)+ than any other+單數(shù)名詞”或“比較級(jí)+ than the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“比其他.都要.”eg. Spring is the best season.=Spring is better _ _ _ _.=Spring is better _ _ _ _.adj.最高級(jí)的用法三者或以上相比, 表示最高程度用 “the/ones + 最高級(jí)+ of/among/in ” in表示環(huán)境范圍，其后的名詞與主語(yǔ)不是同一概

19、念范疇；of表示對(duì)象范疇，其后的名詞與主語(yǔ)是同一概念范疇。among通常接代詞賓格、指示代詞these, those以及沒(méi)有數(shù)詞修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 one of +the +最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“最之一”eg. The hair clip is one of _ (pretty) among those ones. He was one of _(fast) _(swim).3.最高級(jí)+范圍=比較級(jí)+than any other +單數(shù)名詞 =比較級(jí)+than the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 Max是我們班最高的男生。 Max is the tallest boy in our class=Max i

20、s taller than any other boy in our class.=Max is taller than the other boys in our class.the second/third/fourth+最高級(jí)表示“第幾”eg. Millie is the third tallest in her class. eg. Huanghe is shorter than Changjiang, but longer than the other rivers in China.= Huanghe is _ _ _ river in China.5. “Which/Who+系動(dòng)

21、詞+the+最高級(jí)，A，B or C” 意為“A 、B 和C哪一個(gè)最.?”【注意】(1). He is _ (tall) of the 3 students. He is _ (tall) of the 2 students. (2) Which is +比較級(jí), A or B? Which is+最高級(jí),A, B or C? (3) Beijing is bigger than _D_ city in China. Beijing is bigger than _B_ city in Jiangsu. A. all the other B. any C. other D. any other

22、易混淆的兩個(gè)句型： He is the tallest (tall) of the 3 students. He is the taller (tall) of the 2 studentsIntegrated Skills Task1. plan為可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為plans. Make a study plan 制定一個(gè)學(xué)生計(jì)劃；make a plan for.為.制定計(jì)劃【拓展】plan還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“計(jì)劃，打算”；plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事【例題】我們打算這個(gè)周末去公園。Were_ _ _ to the park this weekend.famous常作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，

23、即可修飾人，也可修飾物。be famous for因.而出名，聞名，強(qiáng)調(diào)出名的原因；be famous as“以.(身份)出名”，as后常接表示職業(yè)的名詞。【例題】Sanya is famous_ its beautiful beaches. A. of B. for C. As魯迅在中國(guó)以作家出名。Lu Xun_ _ _ a writer in China.make friends 交朋友；make friends with sb.與某人交朋友Whats he like?他怎么樣？【探究】whats sb. like句型,意為“某人（為人或長(zhǎng)相）怎么樣？”。常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)人的性格、品質(zhì)，也可用來(lái)

24、詢問(wèn)人的相貌?！就卣埂縲hat does sb. look like?意為“某人長(zhǎng)得如何”，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)人的相貌。【例題】-_? -He is humorous. A. How is he B. What does he look like C. What does he like D. What is he likesmiling形容詞（微笑的，帶著笑意的）【探究】smiling既可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。其中動(dòng)詞為smile，后可接介詞at或to.【例題】(1) 她對(duì)我微笑了，多好啊！She_ at me. How wonderful!他那雙充滿笑意的眼睛表明他很友好。His_ eyes show

25、 he is very friendly.patient形容詞（耐心的）既可作定語(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)；patient反義詞impatient(沒(méi)有耐心的) be patient with sb./ sth.對(duì)某人/某事有耐心?！就卣埂縫atient還可作名詞，意為“病人”，是可數(shù)名詞?！纠}】她對(duì)孩子們很有耐心。She_ _ _ _ the children.Kate is both my neighbour and my best friends.凱特既是我的鄰居又是我最好的朋友?！咎骄俊縝oth.and意為“既.又.”,連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。【例題】_ Tom_Peter are

26、 fond of watching TV.A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor鞏固練習(xí)一、詞匯A）請(qǐng)根據(jù)題中空格后的中文提示、英文釋義或音標(biāo)，寫出句中所缺單詞，使句子通順。1. The girl is getting fatter and fatter, so she eats less to lose her w_.2.The play wasnt interesting at all. We all felt very _(not interesting).3.My father likes rea

27、ding _(雜志) about cars when he is free.4.She will not tell this to anyone. She can keep s_.5.A lot of people like her song very much for her sweet v_.B) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意，從方框中選用合適的詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子通順, 每詞限一次。smile well will humour care1.He often tells funny jokes and makes us happy. He is _.2.Her _ face told us tha

28、t she was very happy at that moment.3. Betty is very generous and _ to share her things with others.4.I think Peter is _ among the six students.5.My mother says she feels much _ today.C) 請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意，從方框中選用合適的動(dòng)詞, 并用其適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空，使句子通順。visit grow share be help1.We often _ a room when we were in England.2. Its a f

29、ine day. Why not _ the Great Wall with us?3.What does Simon want to do when he _ up?4. You can do what you can _ the old.5. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ interested in the film.二、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.This is _ interesting work. We really enjoy it. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )2.Did Lisa tell you _ in the letter? A.

30、funny anything B. anything funny C. funny something D. something funny( )3. It will be _ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.A. much cheap B. more cheaply C. much cheaper D. more cheap( )4.Tom, you must do the homework _ . Dont copy your sisters. A yourselves B. yourse

31、lf C.himself D. themselves( )5. There is a big cake. _ share it. A. May be we canB. We may be C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we( )6.Millie wants to _ you _ her new school. A. tell, about B. talk, about C. tell, on D. talk, on( )7.My dad makes me _ the piano for three hours every day. A. playing B. to

32、play C. play D. plays( )8. Lucy didnt make any mistakes in the maths exam. She is _ than any other student. A. much careful B. more careful C. more careless D. the most careful( )9.What makes you _ today than yesterday? A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiest( )10.Listening is as _ as speaking in language learning. A. important B. more important C. most impo