英語動詞講解課堂課件

1、1動詞2動詞分類概念能獨立作謂語的動詞本身有意義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構成謂語。本身無意義或意義不完整，不能單獨作謂語。有一定詞義，本身不表示動作和狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達說話人的態(tài)度。實義動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞3（一）實義動詞_ 本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。 I like the book.2. _自身意思完整，無需接賓語。 Birds can fly.及物動詞不及物動詞41動詞+賓語I like English very much.2動詞+賓語+賓補We paint the shelf pink.加名詞作賓補的詞有: call, choose, consider, e

2、lect, make, name3.動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 V+sb sth V+sth for/to sb及物動詞5 1）動詞+賓語+不定式(to do) （賓補）advise allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish 6一 have, let和make, 此三動詞是使役，使用它們要仔細，后接“賓補”略去“to”一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, lo

3、ok at, observe, watch 2）動詞+賓語+省略to 的不定式（賓補）7口訣：不定式作賓語補足語時省to的動詞【速記口訣】一感，二聽，三讓，四看，半幫助【妙語詮釋】一感：feel；二聽：hear, listen to；三讓：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半幫助：help8colour, keep, find, get,leave,make,paint,cutEg: Please colour it red. I find it interesting.3）動詞+adj (做補語)9get/leave/keep/set/cat

4、ch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb. doing如:他讓我等了整整一上午 。 Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning. 4）動詞加現(xiàn)在分詞做補語10過去分詞作賓補時，常見的詞有 have ,get, make have sth done Eg: 我理發(fā)了。 I have had my hair cut. 我讓別人明白了。 I made myself heard.5）動詞加過去分詞（補語）11口訣：能接不定式，又能接動名詞，但意思不同的動詞或詞組：forget, go on, mean,

5、remember, stop, try， regret,巧記， 即四記力爭不后悔。四記指(記得/記??；忘記；計劃/打算；繼續(xù))；力爭指try；不后悔指 stop regretting-stop 與regret。12bring, hand, lend ,mail ,offer ,owe ,pass post ,read, return ,send ,sell ,show ,take ,teach ,tell ,throw ,writeV+ 直賓或間賓+ sb +sth/ sth to sb13book ,buy, choose cook, draw ,fetch find ,fix ,get m

6、ake, order ,pick prepare save sing spare stealV+ 直賓或間賓+sb sth/ sth for sb141.沒有被動形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die不及物動詞2.主動表示被動的詞 動詞+ (well,poorly,easily)sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh1.Dry wood burns easily.2.The clot

7、h washes well.15他跑的快。He runs fast.他經(jīng)營一家工廠。He runs a factory.Eg: study，fly，run, change既作及物又作不及物動詞的詞161.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.your

8、e calling3.The day he has looked forward to_at last. A.coming B.came C.come D.comes4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive5.She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seenDCBExerciseAA17常見

9、的連系動詞有：be, become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, turn, fall等。它們都表示狀態(tài)的漸變或保持不變，以及表示感覺。后面接形容詞構成系表結構。Eg：Please keep the classroom clean. The bread looks very fresh. His plan sounded practical. （二）系動詞本身有意義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構成謂語。18狀態(tài)變化系動詞系動詞用法習慣搭配朝壞的方面變化wrong, bad, mad, hungry, blind etc.

10、表顏色等red, green表成長中的變化strong, tall由動態(tài)到靜態(tài)轉變ill, sick, asleep轉向好的狀態(tài)true, alive常用來指人或物的狀態(tài)的變化become 接名詞時,名詞前接冠詞gocometurngrowfallgetbecome19 1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 2.The hot weather will _another two days. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 3.The boss made th

11、em _12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working 4.They were made_12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.workingBAABExercise205.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets _well and they _out last week. A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold C. sell;have been sold D. are sell; sol

12、d A6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt for it_. A. wont wash out B. doesnt wash away C isnt washing out D. hasnt washed away7.They tried to get the car _, but it wont_. A. started; start B. to start; start C.started;started D. to start; to startAA21助動詞是“輔助性”動詞，一般沒有詞義，不能單獨 作謂語，但可用來幫助構成謂語，表示不同的時態(tài)，

13、 語態(tài)，和數(shù)的變化。 常見的助動詞有：（1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 與現(xiàn)在分詞結合構成各種進行時態(tài)，或與過去分詞結合構成被動語態(tài)。 Eg: Im looking for my pen. （現(xiàn)在進行時） What were you doing at this time yesterday?(過去進行時) These cups are made in China. （被動語態(tài)）（三）助動詞22（2）have (has, had, having)與過去分詞結合構成完成時。 Eg: They have known each other for

14、twenty years.（現(xiàn)在完成時） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.（過去完成時）（3） 助動詞do (does, did) 后只能跟動詞原形，與not及其他動詞結合構成否定句，或置于主語之前構成疑問句。Eg: He does not speak English. When did he come back? 23（4）will (would), shall (should)： will能用于一般將來時的任何人稱后；would是will的過去時，能用于過去將來時；兩者后面都接動詞原形。 Eg: The

15、plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飛機十分中后將要到達。 I was sure that we would win.我確信用我們會贏。shall與should這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義，shall只能用于一般將來時的第一人稱后；should是shall的過 去時，只能用于過去將來時的第一人稱后；兩者后面都接動詞原形。Eg: We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我們明天將在校門口見。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告訴 他們我將獨自做那項工作。24 情態(tài)

16、動詞在英文中是“輔助性”動詞，用來表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨用作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動詞原形。 情態(tài)動詞的種類：原 形 過去式 詞 義 can could 能 may might 可以（或許） must must(had to) 必須（不得不） will would 愿意 shall should 應該 need needed 需要 dare dared 敢于 （四）情態(tài)動詞25cant help but do=cant but do =have to doI cant help

17、 but tell him the truth.1.-I usually go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going2.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off DC26 1) can的主要用法是： A. _： The g

18、irl can dance very well. B. _： Can the news be true? C. _: Can I sit here? can & could：表示能力表示推測可能性表請求或允許（多用于疑問否定句中）272) could的主要用法是： A. _ _: We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. 我三歲就能看書了。 Father said I could go out with my friends.could 是can的過去式, 表示過去 的能力,許可和推測B. could可代替can表示請求, 語氣委婉

19、(主要用于疑問句） Could you lend me your bike? Could I use your bike?-Yes， you can.283) They cant /couldnt have gone out because the light is still on.cant /couldnt have done 過去否定猜測must do/be 現(xiàn)肯猜cant do/be 現(xiàn)否猜must have done 過肯猜29 1). _ We must all die. 人總要死的。 2). _ You must get up early. 你必須早起來。must:表示必然性。表

20、示強制/義務。30 We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. 3). must not : “禁止”。4). must 用于一般疑問句的時候，肯定回答用yes, please 或者 Im afraid so, 其否定回答用 neednt 或者 dont have to315).表示推測，意為“一定是”,語氣非?？隙?，近乎確定的意味，一般用在肯定句。must+ v 對現(xiàn)在的推測 It must be eleven oclock now. He must go crazy. must+ h

21、ave+過去分詞 對過去的推測must+ be+ v-ing 對將來或現(xiàn)在進行時的推測6).表示“偏偏”，表達對某事的不滿或責備等情緒。Why must it rain on Sunday?32may & might ： may 常用來表示： A. _ May I come in ? Yes, please. B. _表示請求、允許; -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon表示猜測答語避免使用may，以免顯得太嚴肅或太不客氣33 The road m

22、ay be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會是不通的。 在疑問句中，表示可能性用can。 如：Where can he be? 他會在哪呢？可能性從大到小: must. can could may might34 C. _ May you succeed! May you have a good journey! 表示祝愿;語氣較正式:多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許。也可以表示現(xiàn)在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虛擬語氣，may不可以。might 的用法有: She said that he m

23、ight take her bike. 她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。 You might get some help from her if she were here.35 1). I will tell you something important. 我將要告訴你一些重要的事。will & would：Nancy will stick to her way of life.I told him not to do it, but he would. will是助動詞或是情態(tài)動詞 用于構成將來時是助動詞。用于表“意志/決心”是情態(tài)動詞。would亦同理，只是表過去。36 2). _ If

24、you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要幫助, 讓我知道, 好嗎? Would you type this, please? 請打印這個，好嗎？ Wont you sit down? 請坐下，好嗎？ 疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求表委婉不是表過去37This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now.

25、This will be the building you are looking for .3).用“will be”和“will (would) + have + 過去分詞”的結構表示推測，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測，后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。384)._Would you help us, please? 請您幫助我們，好嗎？Id go there with you. 我要和你一塊到那兒去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老師不會允許這件事。（表請求）would比will客氣委婉。（表意愿）（表許可）39 1). Perhaps I

26、shall pay a visit to England this winter.可能今年冬天我會去英國觀光。 （構成一般將來時, 助動詞）shall & should：shall用于構成將來時是助動詞。40（表 “決心”，情態(tài)動詞）Shall we go by train, Mom? 媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？Shall he come in?要他進來嗎？ 2).用于征求意見,是情態(tài)動詞,一般用于第一一人稱和第三人稱41（表 “決心”，情態(tài)動詞）Dont worry, you shall get the book.Nothing shall stop us.You shall get what

27、 you deserve.He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.No one shall smoke here. 3).用于表允諾，決心，警告，命令,或頒布法令規(guī)定等。用于二三人稱。424). You should keep your promise. 你應該遵守諾言。 You should call the police.*表示“按理說”。 Its 8 oclock now, he should be here at any moment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldnt ?” Shouldnt you be doing your homewo

28、rk now? should表示義務/建議/勸告，意為 “應該”。 43 -_ I go out to play, mum? -No, you_. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustntB442. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD453.

29、 The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would beA464. How_ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA475. What does the sign over there read?“No person _ sm

30、oke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this areas.” A. Will B. may C. shall D. mustC486.Has Mr. Tom White arrived? Yes, already _he wait outside or just come in?Shall B. May C. Could D. MustA497. -Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy.- She _ her trip very much.must enjo

31、y B. must have enjoyedC. may enjoy D should have enjoyedB508. The terrible accident is under investigation. Actually , quicker action _those workers trapped in the mine. A. might have saved B. must have saved C. should have saved D. could have saved D519. He chose to teach in a western province, tho

32、ugh he _in the city for a better life. could stay B. would stayC. could have stayed D. had stayedC10. We _ here at lunch time ; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should be C. must have been D. would have beenD5211. How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my um ! A. shut B. h

33、ave shut C. had shut D. would shut C12. We must apply what we have learnt to our daily work because in no case _ from practice. should theory separate B. should theory be separated C. theory should separateD. theory should be separatedB5313. Who has made a mess in my room? Who else _it but your naug

34、hty son?A. could do B. could have doneC. should do D. Should have doneB14. Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board _ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.must have been saved should have been saved would be savedD. might be savedB5415. You _ late for ye

35、sterday class meeting , as it was so important.couldnt be B. shouldnt beC. mustnt have been D. oughtnt to have been16. But for your timely warning, we _into great trouble. You know were friends.would get B. must have gotC. would have got D. cant have gotDC551)insist 2)order, command 4)advise, sugges

36、t, propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request1.He ordered that we (should)leave at once.2.His order that we (should) leave at once was right. 延伸1：接虛擬語氣的詞563.He insisted that his brother_ there. A.go B.went C.going D.to go4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free. A.do;be B.had don

37、e;was C.had done;be D.did; was5.His voice suggested that he_angry. A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He suggested that the boy _ sent to hospital at once. A.was B.be C.is D.wereACCB57口訣：一堅持，二命令，三建議，四要求其賓語從句用“should+動詞原形”，should既可以省略，should也可以保留。一堅持，即insist；二命令，即order, command；三建議，即suggest, propose, advise；四要

38、求，即ask, demand, require, request。58go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open,close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate,buymarry-be married seat-be seated hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be in borrow-keep come-be/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got延伸2：瞬間非延續(xù)性動詞591.He died ten years ago,thats to say,he