英語主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)

1、關于英語主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)第一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.第二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月We speak English.主語謂語賓語English is spoken by us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)第三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月當主

2、語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。Many students study English.(主動語態(tài)) English is studied by many students.(被動語態(tài))第四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月When to use it? 1. 當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行

3、者，或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。2. 當我們需要強調(diào)動作承受者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。這本詞典被保存完好(不需要說明是誰保存的) 。這些書是在二十世紀二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的。 （強調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn)） The dictionary is well kept. These book were found in the 1920s.第五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月被動語態(tài)的用法:A note was passed up to the speaker.1.強調(diào)動作的承受者;如:Table tennis is played all over China. English is sp

4、oken by many people.2.不需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí) 行者難以說出或不必說出.如:Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.第六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 The Structure is助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (be+P.P.) 第七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般現(xiàn)在時： am / is / are done一般過去時： was / were done現(xiàn)在進行時： am / is

5、/ are being done過去進行時： was / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時： have / has been done過去完成時： had been done一般將來時： shall / will be done ; be going to be done當句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結構為 can / must / have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是1969年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaire

6、d now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。He said the factory had been opened . 他The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。第八張，P

7、PT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月被動語態(tài)的結構：被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構成，助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.第九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月在改寫中應注意：1.把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;2.把動詞變成“be + 過去分詞”;

8、3.主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語。典型題例例1 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.第十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語 -即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) -即be動詞的單復數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即be動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語.

9、 by them.第十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him. 第十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：am/are/is + 過去分詞 People play football all over the world.2. Mr. Green tea

10、ches us this term.Football all over the world .We this term.is playedby peopleare taught (by Mr. Green)第十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were + 過去分詞4. People built the Great Wall long ago.5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children.The Great Wall long ago.Two years ago those

11、 machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 第十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：will / be going to + be + 過去分詞6. We will write a diary next class.7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.A diary next class.A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held b

12、y Tom第十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：must/have to/can等 + be + 過去分詞8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.9. We have to finish our homework on time.The broken pottery at once.Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time第十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月He rides th

13、e motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.第十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月We call the snowman Mr Strong.The snowman is called Mr Strong.第十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月We usually hear him play in the next room.He is usually heard to play in the next room.第十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于

14、2022年6月2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：S+was/were +過去分詞第二十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.第二十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4

15、Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞第二十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月He can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by him.第二十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by th

16、em.第二十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.第二十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：S+ will+be+過去分詞第二十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They are goin

17、g to have an evening party tomorrow.An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.第二十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進行時： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞第二十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They are holding a sports meeting now.A sports me

18、eting is being held (by them) now.第二十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞第三十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Workers have built the house since two years ago.The house has been built since two years ago.第三十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月W

19、e had received many letters by the end of last week.Many letters had been received by the end of last week.第三十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They would have a party the next day.A party would be had (by them) the next day.第三十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives_ _ for cutting

20、things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌第三十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in

21、 time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .第三十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used第三十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)

22、作于2022年6月7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished第三十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some w

23、onderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us第三十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done第三十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月12.H

24、e can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken第四十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often

25、 talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them第四十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Answer right or wrong1.必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( )2.這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written

26、by Lu Xun.( )3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR第四十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( )5.街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by

27、them.( )WRWR第四十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in that factory.They were

28、 making shoes in that factory.第四十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月四幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài)結構（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.watch let have hear see notice第四十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一些特殊結構的被動結構: （1）感覺動詞(hear, s

29、ee等)改被動語態(tài)（2）使役動詞(let, make等)改被動語態(tài)如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語補足語為不帶“to”不定式時，變被動語態(tài)時要加上“to” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree.第四十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月思 考 2：12I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning.She in the morning.is usually heard to sing English

30、songs 第四十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14. He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day.15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic.is made to work was let to go 口訣：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to 離開，被動句中to回 來。（hear, let，have, make, see, watch)第四十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 help sb (to) V be helped to V. H

31、e helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. 第四十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.第五十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三. 帶有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時,直

32、接或 間接賓語都可做主語,注意間接賓語前加 to或for.My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack.第五十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月帶有雙賓語（賓語既有人又有物）的被動結構是: 1. 將間接賓語

33、(人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(物)不變。2. 將直接賓語(物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.第五十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.第五十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Mum ma

34、de me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy draw singforI bought my brother a book.第五十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月思考1：將下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)： We gave him some books.He .Some books .was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 第五十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意:約翰打

35、開了收音機。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時,千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.第五十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月必背！動詞短語的被動語態(tài)take care of be taken care ofc

36、ut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after第五十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .We report 第五十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。如：belong, happen, ta

37、ke place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike.不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：第五十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正】Look

38、 at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 3)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)第六十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：4.系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.第六十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looke

39、d after 4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。The book is sold out.第六十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月這塊表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.第六十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月知 識 運 用一、單項選擇：1. Only thirty-eigh

40、t ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.（2006） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up DD第六十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on

41、 holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A. gave B. had given C. was given D. was givingDB第六十五張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 5. Mr. Johnsons story

42、 by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at D第六十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、請把下面句子改為被動語態(tài)1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. Jack carefully how to use it. 2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008. was showedw

43、ill be held by Beijing第六十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. Miss Deng teaches us English. . .4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.We are taught English by Miss Dengwas seen to play basketballEnglish is taught to us by Miss Deng第六十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. We shoul

44、d make our country become more and more beautiful. Our country more and more beautiful. should be made to become第六十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習：將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子。The computer club held a writing competition(競賽）.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours .We took many photos.They use this room for

45、 playing table tennis.The bank built a park for them.A writing competition was held by the computer club.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us.A park was built for them by the bank.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.第七十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作

46、于2022年6月中考被動語態(tài)考題1.The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty thing into it.(南京市中考題） A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中考題） A. arent take away B. taken away C. isnt taken away D. be taken away3.He _

47、_(tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. (黃岡市中考題）was told第七十一張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟南市）變主動語態(tài) _ _ _ another man-made satellite into space last week.5.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people ther

48、e last year. (青島市中考題）6. They grow vegetables on the farm. （上海市中考題） The vegetables _ _on the farm.TThey sent upwere planted are grown第七十二張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一、選擇正確答案： 1. Do you know what _? A. it calls B. does it call C. it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car _ yesterday. A. will be found B. w

49、as found C. has found D. found3. Who was the book _? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song _ on the radio yesterday. A. will teach B. was taught C. has taught D. can be teach CBAB第七十三張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、用所給詞的正確形式填空 。 (cover, invent, ans

50、wer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth _ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines _ to the school library last week. 5. This new machine _ by Mr. Black last year. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returnedw

51、as invented was answeredis calledare written第七十四張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5)Exercises:選擇填空:Windows_ of glass.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house_ in 2004.is built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can_ for keeping warm.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA第七十五張，PPT共八十九

52、頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. Watches_ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6. The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C.

53、produced D. is produces AADA第七十六張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.Our school _in 2002.(開辦)2.The young trees must_well.(照顧)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was openedbe looked afterWas built w

54、as writtenwasnt builtbe held第七十七張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1). The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2). Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 3). A picture _(put) up on the blackboard. 4). French_ (speak) in France. 5). Teenagers should _(allow) to choose their own clothes.wa

55、s fixedare usedis putis spokenbe allowed第七十八張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月練習一 請把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳洌ㄗ⒁鈺r態(tài)的一致）1. He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2. The people make history.History is made by people.3. Do people use Chinese only in China?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4.

56、They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5. Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?第七十九張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 用適當?shù)男问教羁?1. History is _ by the people. ( make) 2. He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3. The book _ by him last year.

57、 ( write ) 4. The radio _ last week. ( mend) 5. Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6. A new subway _ (build) next year. 7. She _ (take) to the hospital already. 8. Thousands of satellites _(send) up into the space so far. 9. They said they _ (invite) to the party already. 10. The trains _

58、( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11. Young trees should _(water) often.madeaskedwas writtenwas mendedhave been plantedwill be builthas been takenhave been senthad been invitedare producedbe watered第八十張，PPT共八十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Multiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finish

59、ed C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has riddenDBBA 3. ( ) Kate _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B