復件句子的成分和基本句型學案

1、一. 句子的成分 組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補語。(要求:括號里寫出劃線的部分的詞性,形式或擔任的成分)一、主語表明句子里所談的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主語常用名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當。例如:Lily likes her new bike.(_詞) He gets up early every day.(_詞) To learn English well is not easy.（_短語）Reading in the morning is a good habit for studen

2、ts.(_短語）What I want is a computer.( _從句) 二、謂語說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語用動詞充當。例如： We work hard. (_詞) The boy caught a bird. ( _詞) He is my father. ( _詞) They all look fine. ( _詞) The concert has started. ( _詞_詞) I can eat two bowls of rice now.( _詞_詞) 謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)方面必須保持一致。例如：(填出be的正確形式) I _ reading. You

3、_ reading. HeShe _ reading. We _ reading.三、賓語賓語是動作行為的對象。由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞或代詞的詞或短語充當，說明主語“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book. （_詞）I saw him yesterday. （_詞）He wanted to have a cup of tea. （_短語）I enjoy reading novels.( _短語)I dont know where the post office is.( _從句) 直接賓語和間接賓語有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫作間接賓語，指

4、物的叫直接賓語。合稱雙賓。例如：He gave me some ink . 他給了我一些墨水。 間接賓語 直接賓語 Our teacher told us an interesting story. ( _賓語) (_賓語)四、表語說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”，表語由名詞、形容詞、不定式、從句、數(shù)詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當。例如：My sister is a nurse. （_詞）They were at home. （_短語）She got angry. （_詞）Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（_詞）My dream is t

5、o go to Bejing University.（_短語）My hobby is listening to popular music after supper. （_短語）This is why we put off the meeting.（_從句）定語定語是修飾名詞或代詞的，可以作定語的除形容詞外，還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等。例如：This is a green cup. （_詞）Shanxi is a province rich in coal.（_短語）Are these students your classmates? （_詞）Winter is

6、 the coldest season of the year.（_短語）I have something important to tell you.（_短語）The people here are very friendly.（_詞）The girl sitting in front of the classroom is my sister.（_短語）The bike stolen by the thief has been found.（_短語）The house is the place where we once studied.（_從句） 注意：形容詞作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之

7、前。而介詞短語、不定式短語或副詞等作定語時則放在被修飾的詞之后。六、狀語狀語是修飾動詞、形容詞、或副詞的，有的修飾全句?？梢宰鳡钫Z的主要是副詞和介詞短語或相當于副詞的詞或短語等。例如：You are quite right .（_詞） Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (_短語) She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （_短語）He stopped to have a look. （_短語）Listening to music,Tom was doing his homework.（_短語）Where there is

8、a will ,there is a way.（_從句）七、賓語補足語有些及物動詞的賓語后邊還需要有一個補足語，意思才能夠完整。賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復合賓語。例如：We call her Xiao Li. 賓語 賓語補足語You must keep the room clean and tidy. (_語) (_語)John asked me to help him with his Chinese. 賓語 賓語補足語I will have my hair cut tomorrow. (_語) (_語)We saw the boy playing basketball on the playg

9、round just now. 賓語 賓語補足語Make yourself at kome. (_語) (_語)句子成分巧記歌訣: 主謂賓表定狀補， 七種成分記清楚。 句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補。 定語修飾主賓表， 賓語之后常有補。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致， 狀語位置最靈活。Exercises:指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。1We all study hard at English.A. 主語 B. 謂語 C. 賓語 D.表語2Betty likes her new bike very much. A. 主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語3My brother is a policeman.

10、 A. 主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語4Were you at home last night? A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補 D.表語5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定語 B.狀語 C.賓補 D.表語6He often walks in the park. A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓語 D.表語7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補 D.表語8He bought me a nice present last week. A.賓語 B.直接賓語 C.間接賓語 D.賓補9

11、His parents are doctors.A.賓語 B.表語 C.謂語 D.定語10Ill get you some tea now.A.賓語 B.直接賓語 C.間接賓語 D.賓補11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表語 B.直接賓語 C.間接賓語 D.賓補12He has read the book twice.A.主語 B.謂語 C.表語 D.賓語13They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.定語14Do you have some

12、thing to eat ?A.狀語 B.定語 C.賓語 D.賓補15We made him our monitor.A.賓語 B.定語 C. 狀語 D.賓補16.That we are invited to a concert is good news to us.A.主語 B.謂語 C.表語 D.賓語17.He has made it clear that he will not give in.A.主語 B.謂語 C.表語 D.賓語18.Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補 D.表語 Th

13、e man who is walking on the playground is my old friend. A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補 D.表語 二. 基本句型由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）所構(gòu)成的句子叫簡單句。根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，簡單句分為5種基本句型：(要求:口頭翻譯下面句子,并說出劃線的部分在句子中的成分)SV;（主語 不及物動詞） 1) I can swim. 2) Everything changes. 3) The plane has already arrived. SVO;（主語及物動詞賓語） 1)I like English. 2)They are

14、reading books . 3)He bought a computer last week. SVP;（主語連系動詞表語） 1) My mother is a scientist. 2) She looks young. 3) The food tastes very delicious. SVIODO;（主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語）此類動詞還有:offer,teach,show,lend,bring等. 1) My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 2)Can you give me the math book? 3)Will you

15、tell us something about your school life? SVOOc;（主語及物動詞賓語補語） 此類動詞還有:see,hear,notice,feel等. 1) We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 2) My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 3) I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 簡單句五種基本句型巧記歌訣： 英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。 句型種類看動詞，后接成分是關(guān)鍵。 系詞

16、之后接表語，不及物后無需連。 及物又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見。 還有賓語補足語，各種搭配記心間。Exercises:指出下列句子的基本類型1They are listening.2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday present.5I painted the wall white.6The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7They arrived at six oclock.8The map i

17、s on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.請朗讀以下句子，劃分下列句子的成分，并指出他們分別屬于簡單句中的哪種。1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7.