2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞精品教案7

1、2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞精品教案 7一、【專項直擊】【肴情分析】非謂吾動詞包括不定式、動詞屯和過去分詞等幾種形式，這是歷年高著必著內(nèi)容，S 年都會有12題洪及該部分要點口考點集中在：菲謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別；動名詞和不定式 作賓語的用法比較；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法比較；特定句型中非謂吾動詞的用法等.【知識要蠡】一、不定式與動名詞鹼主語：K動名詞做主咼往往萩示普通的、一骰的行為，不定式做主營常表示某袂具體的行次. 例如Col】 ectmg mfoniwion about childrens healrh is his job.收集有關(guān)兒童健康的信息是他的 工作.It1 s

2、necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.與一位有盪驗的老師討 論這個問題是有必要的.2s常用不定式做主語的句型有（1）It s difficult （important, necessary for sb. to do（2）Ifs kind （good friendly polite car 亡less, rude, cruel, ckvtr, foolish, brave） of sb. ro do.3、常用動名詞做主商的句型有It: s no good （use, fun） 3口各Its （a） waste

3、of time one s doing.IF s worth Mile doing.二不定式、動名詞、豪詞俶表罷K不定式做表語常表示謂語動詞所表示動作之潔發(fā)生的動作.His teaching 審m of this class is o 肚玄p the students1 speaking ability 他這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目的 是要訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說的能力.2、動名詞做表語是對王語內(nèi)容的解釋，這時主涪與表語位直可以互換，動名詞常用于 口語中.Its full-time job is laying eggs.它的（指蛾后的專職工作是產(chǎn)卵口3s現(xiàn)在分詞做表表示主著的性質(zhì)與特征I進(jìn)行時表示正在進(jìn)行的動作.The

4、 task of tins class汙p恣増與耳lh idioms（現(xiàn)在分詞做表語）Viih the heip of the teacher, the students ar亡 pj英或qg th亡 idioms,（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時）4 常用作表喬的現(xiàn)在分詞有 I interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exdti口備inspiring, following等- 現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行與主動“Thejoke is amusing .這笑話很逗人.The problem ts puzzling.這;個1可題令人不解5、過去分詞作表語表

5、示主語所處的被動狀態(tài)或完成某動作的狀態(tài)。而被動語態(tài)表示主語所承受的動作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.（過去分詞做表語）The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army. （被動語態(tài)）He is well educated.（過去分詞做表語）He has bee n educated in this college for three years.（被動語態(tài)）常用在句中做表語的過去分詞有：used, closed, covered, in terested, followed, satisfied, su

6、rr oun ded, don e, lost, decided,prepared, saved, shut, won, pleted, crowded, dressed, wasted, broke n, married, un expected等。6、注意如下動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞用法不同：interest（使感興趣），surprise （使吃驚），frighten （使害怕），excite （使興奮），tire（使疲勞），please （使?jié)M意），puzzle （使迷惑不解），satisfy （使?jié)M意），amuse （使娛樂）， disappoi nt（使失望），in spire（使歡

7、欣鼓舞），worry （使憂慮）它們的現(xiàn)在分詞常修飾物（有時修飾人），表示主動，過去分詞常修飾人，表示被動（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：Climbi ng is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他們很疲勞After heari ng the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 三、不定式與動名詞做賓語：K下列動詞跟不定式做賓語：warn, wish: hope,ask： pretend, care, decide, happen, long offer, refuse, f

8、ail, plan：prepare, order, cause, afford, beg： manage, agree, promise 等-在下列動詞或動詞短語后用動名詞做賓語；enjoyT :finish, mggest, avoid, excuse, delay, rmaffine. keep, miss, appreciate, be busy be worth, feel like: can t stand cau l help, think of, dream be fond of, prev(Hom)： keep .from, stop.(from), protect.froni

9、 set about, be engaged in, spend.(in), succeed inz be used toT look forward to: object to, pH- artentwn to, insist on 等forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mea n等動詞后跟不定式與動名詞意義不同，不定式表示謂語動詞之后的動作，而動名詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.He forgot to tell me to post the letter.（他忘了叫我發(fā)信。）I shall n e

10、ver forget finding that rare stamp on an ordi nary en velope.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了在一個普通信封上發(fā)現(xiàn)了那枚珍貴的郵票。Remember to write to us whe n you get there.至 U那里，記得給我們寫信。I don t remember meeting him.我不記得見過他。I regret to tell you that I can t go to your birth -day party.我很遺憾告訴你我不能去參加你的生日晚會了。They regretted agree ing to the pla

11、 n.他們后悔同意這個計劃。He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend.他盡力假裝與朋友分享歡樂。She tried readinga novel, but that couldn t make her forget her sor row. 她試著看看小說,但也不能使她忘記傷心事。I didn t mean to hurt you.我沒有企圖傷害你。A frie nd in deed means helpi ng others for noth ing in return.真正的朋友意指不圖回報地幫助別人。4、動名

12、詞作 need, want, require, be worth的賓語時，用主動式代替被動式。The washi ng-machi ne n eeds repairi ng.(或用： n eeds to be repaired)這臺洗衣機(jī)需要修理。The point wants referri ng to.這一點要提至 U。This En glish novel is worth readi ng.這本英文小說值得一讀。The situati on in Russia n required study ing.俄國形式需要研究。四、不定詰分詞在句中做賓語補(bǔ)足語；h臥下動詞后跟不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語

13、ast tell: be爲(wèi) allow, waiiT, like: lute force, mie persuade, advise? order： cause： encourage, wait forr call oil permit, forbidThe doctor aygej him to st叭 in bed for another few days.醫(yī)生BS咐他再臥床休息幾天We wish him to remain and accept the post我們希望他雷下來接受這個職位（注意hope 后不跟不定式蘇ih）肓些動詞啟的復(fù)合賓用不帶g的不定式，這些動詞有土 see, wa

14、tch, notice, hear, feel, make, let have 等例女bWe noticed him enter the house.瓏們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子.The boss made em work twelve hours 3. di-/.老板讓他fl 二;天干 12 小時工作注意當(dāng)make, have不帔迫閩讓咒H而做啪J逐有嘶L跟帶有to的不定式做狀 語.Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday.媽媽敝了一個蛋糕給他慶賀生日He had a meeting to anend 他有個會要開3下列動詞石的復(fù)合賓語用分詞慝寡撫

15、 妝=watch, notice, obserg hear, feel, make, set: have? leave, kp.fmd.用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)卜，要看分詞與賓吾的關(guān)系.例:We heard him singing the song when we came in當(dāng)我們進(jìn)來的時候聽見他正唱那首歌 We have heard th亡son-g sung mice.我們聽過這首歌唱過兩遍了動詞做定語：1、不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。例 如：He had no house to live in but a lot of work

16、 to do.他沒有房子住卻有好多活要干。Our mon itor is the first to arrive.我們班長是第一個到的。2、動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別：動名詞做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動作。a walk ing stick 拐杖（動名詞做定語，意為a stick for walk ing ） TOC o 1-5 h z a sleep ing car臥鋪車廂（動名詞做定語，意為a car for sleep ing）the rising sun正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the sun which was rising ）the

17、changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，意為the world which is cha nging）3、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別：過去分詞做定語表示完成或被動的動作，現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表 示主動或進(jìn)行的動作。如：a piece of disappo in ti ng n ews使人失望的消息（意同 a piece of n ews which disappo in ted us）in the followi ng years在后來的幾年中（意同 in the years that followed）a well dressed woma n衣著講究的女士（意同 a wo

18、ma n who is dressed well ）a car parked at the gate停在門口的小汽車（意同 a car which was parked at the gate）六、不定式與分詞做狀語：1、不定式做狀語，只表示目的、結(jié)果或原因：He hurried home only to find his money stolen.他匆忙趕到家中，發(fā)現(xiàn)錢被盜了。（結(jié)果狀語）To make himself heard, he raised his voice.為了被聽清楚，他提高了嗓門。（目的狀語）All of us are surprised to see his rapid

19、 progress. 看到他的進(jìn)步，我們都很吃驚。（原因狀語）2、分詞做狀語可表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式：Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.從山上看，這座城市很美。 （條件狀語）ing into the room, he fou nd his father an gry.當(dāng)走進(jìn)房間時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)父親生氣了。（時間狀語）Being tired, they we nt on worki ng.雖然累了，但他們繼續(xù)工作。（讓步狀語）由于被大孩子打Having bee n hit by the big boy on the

20、 no se, the little boy bega n to cry.了鼻子，那個小男孩哭了。(原因狀語)He put a fin ger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, look ing rather pleased.他把一個手指放進(jìn)嘴里，嘗了嘗，笑了，看起來挺高興。(伴隨狀語)二、【思維導(dǎo)航】非謂語動詞是近年來高考希查的重點，多在具體的語境中肴查其結(jié)構(gòu)和基本用法，肴查 方式靈活.試題呈現(xiàn)“情景化和“設(shè)問角度多樣化”的趨勢，若查的角度以菲謂語動詞作 定語、賓語、,狀語、補(bǔ)足語和獨立主格形式為主n分析2009年高考試卷可知，高君單項填空對非謂普動詞刖

21、考查呈現(xiàn)如下特點1.考查 立意較低，主裳考查非謂吾動詞最基本用法.但1題目設(shè)買了具體的宵境，注重了情景化和 結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大考生對題土覦理解難2-設(shè)間的角庫呈現(xiàn)出多樣化趨勢，不僅僅是 非謂語動詞的互相干擾，還利用了祈便句以及以非謂語動詞開頭的句子構(gòu)上相似的待點。E復(fù)習(xí)句法知識，確定:基本句型.非謂語動詞的用法是一個系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的語言點，真正碩悟非謂語動詞的用法聲 具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識：(1)具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)知識，要分得渚簡單句與復(fù)合句，陳述句2祈便句具有應(yīng)卑創(chuàng)最執(zhí)的五種句型的知識，要分得措?yún)зe語和復(fù)合賓語；(引具有扌L實而豐富的動詞知識，要分得措艮物動詞和不及物動詞，觀賓動詞和靈動 詞.一些最基

22、礎(chǔ)最常用的動詞的用法應(yīng)當(dāng)爛熟于胸；(4)貝備各種寢合句的知識，能夠正確分析長*難句.掌握基本結(jié)構(gòu)，區(qū)分三種彫式非謂語動詞有三種;動詞不宦式*動詞的門與影式和的拄或形式-非謂語動詞在句 中不能作謂語，沒有人稱和變化，但有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化.因此高考備考時，對非謂語要有 充分的認(rèn)識和歸納，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作尺主動和進(jìn)行，.分詞表示血被動和完成”，而不 定式則含有“將來冊意義時，頭腦要袴靜.一方面要認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定所塡動句子 中作謂語還是非謂舀，如果作蕊遣適，還要確定動詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系以及該動作與謂語動 詞的動作發(fā)生時間自后同時墓注意標(biāo)點符號特別是逗號的作用.例如竹red oTom s all

23、-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.A) To get B) To have gotC) Getti ng D) Have got三、【考點在線】考點一、考查謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的識別英語句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語與謂語兩部分，而多數(shù)情況下謂語都由動詞來充當(dāng)。如果對句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動詞與非謂語動詞混淆，做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。如：The children (play)the violin over there will go on th

24、e stage next week.考點二、考查作狀語的非謂語動詞的辨析作狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀 語，不同的狀語對非謂語動詞的要求不同。動詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分 詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時，雖然它的邏輯主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。請看下面例題：1._ _tired of Tom

25、s all -talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To getB) To have gotC) GettingD) Have got考點三、考查非謂語動詞邏輯主語的分辨 非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點在于正確分辨非 謂語動詞的邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語的時候。我們 知道，當(dāng)非謂語動詞放在句首作狀語的時候，一般來說，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，那么，當(dāng)它的邏 輯主語不是句子的主語時，又會出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢？

26、請看下面例題：1. The last bus (go), we had to walk home.2. Weather (permit), the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.請再看下面例題：The work (finish) , they may go home.The problem (discuss) at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.考點四、考查非謂語動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的把握 非謂語動詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但它仍然具有動詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語

27、(邏輯主語), 也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞的各種時態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式而變化的。一般 情況下，如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生 , 就用非謂語動詞的一般 式或進(jìn)行式 ( 側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行 ) ；如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生， 就用非謂語動詞的完成式 ( 特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的先后 ) 。非謂語動詞的語態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語動詞與其邏 輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。例如： that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A) He

28、ard B) Having heardC) Hear D) To hear 考點五、考查非謂語動詞作主語時句式的轉(zhuǎn)變 非謂語動詞(動詞不定式或動名詞)作主語主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把 it 作為形式主語 放在句首，作題時要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請看下面例題：It is an honour for me (be) your English teacher.2. It is no use of us (wait) at home like this.六、考查作定語的非謂語動詞的判斷 非謂語動詞作定語主要考查非謂語動詞作后置定語的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語動詞與其邏輯主 語之間是主動行

29、為還是被動行為 , 以及非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間性，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還 是將要發(fā)生。一般來說，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語往往表示動作是主動行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，如果動作是 被動行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)；用過去分詞作定語往往表示動作是被動行為 且已經(jīng)完成 ; 用動詞不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作，如果是被動行為，就用動詞不定式一般式的被動 語態(tài)。 例如：The boy (cry) over there is my younger brother.五、【高考母題 】1. (09 北京 )24. For breakfast he only drinks juice fr

30、om fresh fruit _ on his own farm.grownbeing grownto be grownto grow2.(09 北京 )28. All of them try to use the powerof the workstation _ information in amoreeffective way.prese ntingprese ntedbeing prese ntedto prese nt（09 北京）34.twice, the postma n refused to deliver our letters uni ess we cha nged our

31、dog.A. Bei ng bitte nB. Bitte nC. Havi ng bitte n D. To be bitte n（09 福建）32. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport ina hurry.A. Remi ndingB. Remin dedC. To remi ndD. Havi ng remin ded（09 福建）34. In April, xx, Preside nt Hu in spected the warships in Qin gdao, the 60than

32、ni versary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. markingB. markedC. havi ng marked D. being marked（09 湖南）23 . When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would ope nB. ope nedC. had ope nedD. was to ope n（09 江蘇）26. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this yearas s

33、hort-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduceunemploymentpressures.A. helpB. to have helped C. to help D. havi ng helped（09 江蘇）32.Distinguished guests and friends, wele to our school, theceremony ofthe 50th Anni versary this morni ng are our alu mni（校友） from home and abro

34、ad.A. Atte ndB. To atte ndC. Atte ndi ngD. Havi ng atte nded（09 江西）22.the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may oneday grew the intern ati onal stars.A. Givi ng B. Hav ing give n C. To give D. Give n（09 江西）34. The government plans to bring in new lawsparents to take moreresp on s

35、ibility for the educati on of their childre n.A. forced B. forci ng C. to be forced D. havi ng forced（09 遼寧）22. When we visited my old family home, memory camebackA. floodi ngC. flood.12.（09全國B. to floodD. flooded1） 30. The childre n all turnedthe famous actress as she en tered theclassroom.A. looke

36、d atB. to look atC. to look ing atD. look at2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞精品教案 8【考點分析】不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能；不定式的省略；不定式的否定形式；不定式的搭配形式；獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；v-i ng 分詞名詞性功能；v-i ng 分詞形容詞性功能；v-i ng 分詞副詞性功能；過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別；過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動完成式的區(qū)別;過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動式的區(qū)別; 【知識點歸納】I.概述1.基本形式的變化：不定式：時態(tài)主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式to dot

37、o be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have bee nbuiltJoh n said that he had run in order to catch the bus.（一般式的主動態(tài)）He hated to be misunderstood by others.（一般式的被動態(tài) ）He pretended to be listening attentively.（進(jìn)行式）He intended to have told you that.（完成式主動態(tài)）This work of art seemed to have been created

38、 several centuries ago.（完成式的被動態(tài) ）v-ing 形式：時態(tài)主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式doi ngbeing done完成式hav ing donehavi ng bee n done注意：不及物動詞沒有被動式動名詞 TOC o 1-5 h z I am sure of his ing in time.（一般式主動態(tài) ）（=I am sure that he will e in time）He is proud of being selected as monitor.（一般式被動態(tài) ）（=He is proud that he is selectedas mon itor

39、.）I m con fide nt of his havi ng passed the exam.（完成式主動態(tài) ）（=I am con fide nt that he have passed the exam.）He plained of having been cheated by others.（完成式被動態(tài) ）現(xiàn)在分詞He sat in a chair,reading a novel.（一般式主動態(tài) ）Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly.（一般式被動態(tài) ）Having finished his homework, he wen

40、t playing.（完成式主動態(tài) ）All this having been settled, he went home.（完成式被動態(tài) ）所做成分項目/成分主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語動詞的ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞不定式過去分詞A注：現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式、過去分詞都可以作獨立成分?；局R1.動詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡Z。To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的To make money is not the only purpose of our life.對我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。在很多情況下，常

41、用it來充當(dāng)動詞不定式的形式主語。It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish very well.作動詞的賓語，常用在以下動詞后：help，hope，ask，refuse ，decide，promise，wish，prete nd ，expect，arrange ，lear n ， pla n ， dema nd, dare，manage, agree，prepare ，failHe man aged to pass the exam.He promised to be here at nine.I didn t expect to see you h

42、ere.在某些復(fù)合賓語中，用，determine ，offer ，choose，desire ，elect ，long，（happen，seem） 他成功地通過了考試。他答應(yīng)9點鐘到這兒。 我沒有料到在這兒見到你。it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。他認(rèn)為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。我發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)時完成這項工作是不可能的。He con sidered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.作定語（常置于名詞之后）。由only, last, next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語；不定式還可

43、用作名詞代詞的的賓語（ability,any thi ng,attempt,cha nee, curiosity, desire, decisi on,determ in atio n,effort, failure,inten ti on, n eed, nothing, opport uni ty, place, pla n, promise, reas on, right, someth ing）She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office

44、.I don t think he is the best man to do the job.I have no desire to travel.You ll find somethi ng to in terest you here.注：動詞不定式to后所接動詞若是不及物動詞，而不定式與其修飾的動詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，這個不 定式后就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。I haven t decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one to play with.作狀語I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall dow

45、 n.They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.（He tried only to fail.（結(jié)果沒有成功）She was happy to hear the news.（ 表原因）不定式常用于修飾下列形容詞：able,afraid,angry,anxious, apt, careful, careless,difficult,eager, easy, fit,他總是最后一個離開辦公室。 我想他不是做這項工作的最佳人選。（不至于跌倒） 表結(jié)果）（表目的）certa in, clever,con siderate,delighte

46、d,frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful,thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.French is difficult to learn. 法語難學(xué)。I m sorry to interrupt you, but Ihave to.作獨立副詞成分。To speak frankly, I don t like your attitude.與疑問詞連用。疑問代詞

47、 who, what, which 和疑問副詞 when, where, how 等后加動詞不定式，構(gòu)成不 定式短語，可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。When to start has not been decided.什么時候出發(fā)還沒有定。The problem is how to get there on time.問題是怎樣才能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)哪兒。在有些動詞后常用疑問詞 +動詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。這類動詞有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider,understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discov

48、er, imagine, think, hear等。He didn t know what to do next.I haven t decided wheth er to go to Japan. 我沒有決定是否到日本去。不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由 for + 名詞或代詞 + 動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、狀語等。It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday. His idea is for us to travel in different cars.由 of 引 出 的 不 定 式 復(fù) 合 結(jié) 構(gòu) care

49、less,clever,courageous,foolish,good, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise你們有必要在星期五前做完這項工作。他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。經(jīng) 常 與 以 下 形 容 詞 連 用 ： brave,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,等。It s kind of you to say so.It s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，沖進(jìn)著火的大樓里救這個嬰兒不帶 to 的

50、動詞不定式在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略 to 的動詞不定式， 如 let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell, hear,watch 等。The teacher often makes me rewrite the position.老師常常讓我把作文重寫。將該句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)： I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the position. I heard her say that she was fed up.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后常用不帶 to 的動詞不定式： had better, would rather, can

51、 not but, cannot help but, do nothing but 等。I d better go now, or I ll miss the train.They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建議。在 except, but 之前有動詞 do 作實義動詞，則 except, but 后一般接不帶 to 的動詞不定式，反之 則接帶 to 的動詞不定式。We have no choice but to wait. 我們除了等待別無選擇（我們只好等待） 。There is no choice but to go there.There

52、is nothing to do but to （to可省略 ） read a book.在 why, why not 結(jié)構(gòu)中，緊接其后的動詞不定式不帶 toWhy argue with him?Why not send those books back? 為什么不把那些書送回去？動名詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿髦髡ZAsking for help is sometimes necessary. 請求幫助有時是必要的。Eating too much is not good for your health. 吃得太多對你的健康不利。Teaching offers something besides mon

53、ey and power.作補(bǔ)語、表語Seeing is believing.We call such an act cheating. 我們稱這樣的行為為作弊 / 欺騙行為。作以下及物動詞及詞組的的賓語建議冒險去獻(xiàn)身： advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to忍受期待不停頓： bear/stand（ 忍受 ）, look forward to, stop放棄延期悔失去： give up, delay, put off, regret, miss堅持欣賞（想）要（實）踐（完）成： keep （on）/insist on/stick to, enjoy/a

54、ppreciate, feel like, practice, finish注意原諒避反對： pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to考慮要求不自禁： consider, require, cannot help允許習(xí)慣不介意： forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind值得開始想動名： be worth, set about, imagineThe mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the rive

55、r. 冒險游過河His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room. 他的妻子不允許在室內(nèi)抽煙，但是允許他在室外抽。All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. 他們所有的人都堅持要我再跟他們多呆幾天時間。Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Being ill for a few days,she doesnt feel like eatin

56、g anything. 不想吃任何東西另在 want, need, require 等動詞后，常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思（主語與動名詞之間存 在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系） 。My hair needs cutting. （= My hair needs to be cut.）作定語 它與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，通常只表示用途或與所修飾的名詞有關(guān)的動作。 The factory built a swimming pool last year. 游泳池Our teacher uses a very good teaching method. 教學(xué)方法作同位語His hobby, maki

57、ng model airplanes, is very interesting.注意：動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或名詞所有格 + 動名詞構(gòu)成。如果不是在句子開頭，這種結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂?名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓格 + 動名詞構(gòu)成， 在句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?My closing the door made him angry.I can t stand Lao Chang s talking like that about other rades. 動

58、名詞的某些固定結(jié)構(gòu) It is + no use, no good（fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore.）等名詞 +doing sth.It is no use crying. 哭沒有用。It is no good objecting. 反對也沒有用。It is a waste of time trying to explain 設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。 It is + useless+doing sth It is useless speaking. 光說沒用。There is no + v-ing是不可能的”。There is no kno

59、wing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)There is no telling where shes gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where shesgone.)make a point of + doing“認(rèn)為是必要的”O(jiān)ur family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to goto church everySunday.

60、)be on the poi nt of + doi ng瀕臨，將要”He was on the point of leaving.on (upon) + doing “一就”O(jiān)n hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)go + doing ( 大部分指運動和游戲 )He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.動名詞短語常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中have difficulty (in) + doing sth