風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)-英文翻譯

1、風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在當(dāng)今世界人們對(duì)電的依賴越來越強(qiáng)。在遠(yuǎn)離電網(wǎng)的地區(qū)，獨(dú)立供電系統(tǒng)就 成為人們最需要的電源，需要低成本、高可靠性的獨(dú)立電源系統(tǒng)。在此種環(huán)境下 風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)供電系統(tǒng)較為合理,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代能源服務(wù)尚不能達(dá)到的地方往往是盆藏 著豐富風(fēng)能和太陽能資源的地方。而且風(fēng)、光互補(bǔ)系統(tǒng)本身獨(dú)有的一些性質(zhì)也恰 好與這些地區(qū)的自然條件相吻合。因此對(duì)于滿足偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)能源需要和中國最貧困 地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電是一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵的能源建設(shè)技術(shù)手段。風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)供 電系統(tǒng)是由太陽能電池與風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電,經(jīng)蓄電池貯能，給負(fù)載供電的一種新 型電源，目前廣泛應(yīng)用于徽波通信、基站、電臺(tái)、野外活動(dòng)、高速公路、無電山 區(qū)、村莊和海島

2、.偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)一般用電負(fù)荷都不大，所以用電網(wǎng)送電就不經(jīng)濟(jì)，在當(dāng)?shù)刂苯影l(fā)電 最常用的就是采用柴油發(fā)電機(jī)。但柴油的儲(chǔ)運(yùn)對(duì)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)成本太高，所以柴油發(fā) 電機(jī)只能作為一種短時(shí)的應(yīng)急電源。要解決長期穩(wěn)定可靠的供電問題，只能依賴 當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀荒茉?。太陽能和風(fēng)能是最普遍的自然資源，也是取之不盡的可再生能 源。太陽能是地球上一切能源之源，太陽照射著地球的每一片土地。風(fēng)能是太陽 能在地球表面的另外一種表現(xiàn)形式，由于地球表面的不同形態(tài)如沙土地面、植被 地面和水面對(duì)太陽光照的吸熱系數(shù)不同,在地球表面形成溫差，地表空氣的溫度 不同形成空氣對(duì)流而產(chǎn)生風(fēng)能。我國西部地區(qū)是世界上最大也是世界上最豐富的 太陽能資源地區(qū)之一,尤其是

3、西藏地區(qū),空氣稀薄,透明度高年日照時(shí)間長達(dá) 3400h,每天日照6h以上年平均天數(shù)在275330天之間，輻射強(qiáng)度大，年均輻射 總量7000MJ/m,地呈東向西遞增分布，呈峰型變化，資源優(yōu)勢得天獨(dú)厚，應(yīng)用前景 十分廣闊。我國風(fēng)能資源豐富儲(chǔ)量3200GW,可開發(fā)的裝機(jī)容量約253GW,居世 界首位與可開發(fā)的水電裝機(jī)容量380GW為同一級(jí)。2005年我國風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量超 過1GW,2020年風(fēng)能發(fā)電規(guī)模預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)30GW。未來風(fēng)能電能很可能成為和太陽能 比肩的新能源行業(yè)。我國風(fēng)能開發(fā)利用的潛力很大，屬于風(fēng)能資源可利用區(qū)。特 別是太陽能與風(fēng)能在時(shí)間上和地城上都有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。白天太陽光最強(qiáng)時(shí)，風(fēng) 很小，晚上

4、太陽落山后,光照很弱，但由于地表溫差變化大而風(fēng)能加強(qiáng)。在夏季 太陽光強(qiáng)度大而風(fēng)小冬季，太陽光強(qiáng)度小而風(fēng)大。太陽能和風(fēng)能在時(shí)間上的互補(bǔ) 性使風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在資源上具有最佳的匹配性,風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)是一個(gè) 最好的獨(dú)立電源系統(tǒng)。光電系統(tǒng)是利用光電板將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能,通過控制器對(duì)蓄電池充電，再 通過逆變器對(duì)用電設(shè)備供電的一套系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是供電可靠性高，運(yùn)行維 護(hù)成本低，但是系統(tǒng)造價(jià)高。風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)是利用小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)，將風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能, 通過控制器對(duì)蓄電池充電，再通過逆變器對(duì)用電設(shè)備供電的一套系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的 優(yōu)點(diǎn)是發(fā)電較大，系統(tǒng)造價(jià)較低，運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本低。缺點(diǎn)是小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)可靠 性低。風(fēng)電和光電

5、系統(tǒng)都存在由于資源的不確定性導(dǎo)致發(fā)電與用電負(fù)荷的不平衡 問題，風(fēng)電和光電系統(tǒng)都必須通過蓄電池儲(chǔ)能才能穩(wěn)定供電，但每天的發(fā)電要受 天氣的影響很大，會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的蓄電池組長期處于虧電狀態(tài)，這也是引起蓄電池 組使用壽命降低的主要原因。由于太陽能與風(fēng)能的互補(bǔ)性強(qiáng)，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 在資源上彌補(bǔ)了風(fēng)電和光電獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)在資源上的缺陷。同時(shí)，風(fēng)電和光電系統(tǒng)在 蓄電池組和逆變環(huán)節(jié)是可以通用的,所以風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的造價(jià)可以降低,系 統(tǒng)成本趨于合理。太陽能電池可以將光能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能。它將太陽能電池組件與風(fēng) 力發(fā)電機(jī)有機(jī)地配合組成一個(gè)系統(tǒng),可充分發(fā)揮各自的特性和優(yōu)勢，最大限度的 利用好大自然踢予的風(fēng)能和太陽能。對(duì)于用電

6、大、用電要求高 而風(fēng)能資源和太 陽能資源又較豐富的地區(qū)，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)供電無疑是一種最佳選擇。風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系 統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)用戶的用電負(fù)荷情況和資源條件進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)容的合理配里,即可保證 系統(tǒng)供電的可靠性，又可降低發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的造價(jià)。無論是怎樣的環(huán)境和怎樣的用電 要求，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)都可做出最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案來滿足用電的要求。應(yīng) 該說，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)是最合理的獨(dú)立電源系統(tǒng)。目前，推廣風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系 統(tǒng)的最大障礙是小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的可靠性問題。幾十年來，小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)技術(shù)有了很大的發(fā)展,產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展也取得了一定的 成就，但從根本上說,可靠性問題一直沒有得到解決。長期以來,出于成本的考 慮，先進(jìn)的液壓控制技術(shù)沒有在

7、小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的限速保護(hù)上采用，只是采用簡 單的機(jī)械控制方式進(jìn)行限速保護(hù)。機(jī)械限速結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是小型風(fēng)機(jī)的機(jī)頭或某個(gè) 部件處在自然條件下，由于風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向的變化太復(fù)雜,而且自然環(huán)境惡劣,不可 避免的會(huì)引起振動(dòng)和活動(dòng)部件的損壞，從而使機(jī)組損壞。要徹底解決小型風(fēng)力發(fā) 電機(jī)的可靠性問題必須在限速方式上有最好的解決方法。風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可以 根據(jù)用電負(fù)荷情況和資源條件進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)容的合理配置,即可保證系統(tǒng)供電的可 靠性，又可降低發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的造價(jià)。無論是怎樣的環(huán)境和怎樣的用電要求，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ) 發(fā)電系統(tǒng)都可做出最優(yōu)化的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案來滿足要求。應(yīng)該說，風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系 統(tǒng)是最合理的獨(dú)立電源系統(tǒng)。風(fēng)光互補(bǔ)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由太陽能光

8、電板、小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組、系統(tǒng)控制器、蓄電 池組和逆變器等幾部分組成,發(fā)電系統(tǒng)各部件容的合理配對(duì)保證發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的可 靠性非常重要。一般來說，系統(tǒng)配里應(yīng)考慮以下兩方面因素。用電負(fù)荷的特征要 了解用電的最大負(fù)荷和平均日用電。最大用電負(fù)荷是選擇系統(tǒng)逆變器容的依據(jù), 而平均日用電量則是選擇風(fēng)機(jī)及光電板容和蓄電池組容的依據(jù)。太陽能和風(fēng)能的 資源狀況太陽能和風(fēng)能的資源狀況是系統(tǒng)光電板和風(fēng)機(jī)容量選擇的依據(jù),根據(jù) 資源狀況來確定光電板和風(fēng)機(jī)的容，再按日用電考慮容量系數(shù)，最后審定光電板 和風(fēng)機(jī)的容量。大風(fēng)限速保護(hù)是風(fēng)機(jī)輸人的能量大于系統(tǒng)當(dāng)時(shí)所能消耗的能以及系統(tǒng)所能 儲(chǔ)存的能量總和的時(shí)候我們姑且稱之為風(fēng)機(jī)處于過功率狀

9、態(tài),能有效地減小風(fēng) 機(jī)吸收風(fēng)能，使風(fēng)機(jī)不致超速運(yùn)行。目前,全球各型風(fēng)機(jī)的限速保護(hù)方案大致可 以歸為兩類。機(jī)械限速保護(hù)以某種機(jī)構(gòu)使風(fēng)輪偏離風(fēng)向,減小風(fēng)輪迎風(fēng)面積，從 而減小風(fēng)能的吸收。以某種機(jī)構(gòu)利用風(fēng)輪葉片的離心力改變槳距，降低風(fēng)輪的風(fēng) 能利用率，從而達(dá)到減小風(fēng)能吸收的效果。機(jī)械限速保護(hù)裝置可靠性差，除了設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng)?shù)囊蛩匾酝?，?shí)際上是其固有弊 端。自然界的風(fēng)是十分復(fù)雜的。同時(shí)，風(fēng)速風(fēng)向的變化頻繁而又迅速，任何機(jī)械 裝里都不可能瞬時(shí)響應(yīng)實(shí)際風(fēng)的變化,加上長期運(yùn)行導(dǎo)致的機(jī)械磨損會(huì)使裝置 的配合間隙增大。所有這些均會(huì)導(dǎo)致保護(hù)滯后、失效以及劇烈的展動(dòng)引發(fā)風(fēng)機(jī) 飛車、過載和劇烈展動(dòng)等破壞性結(jié)果磁電限速保護(hù)在

10、當(dāng)風(fēng)機(jī)處于過功率二狀態(tài)時(shí) 給發(fā)電機(jī)一個(gè)反向磁阻力矩，大幅增加發(fā)電機(jī)所消耗的功率,使之大于風(fēng)輪輸 出的功率，從而使風(fēng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速下降。風(fēng)輪轉(zhuǎn)速的下降,使風(fēng)輪的葉尖速比減小,從 而降低定槳距風(fēng)輪的風(fēng)能利用率，減小風(fēng)輪吸收的風(fēng)能，從而進(jìn)一步減低風(fēng)輪轉(zhuǎn) 速。為此連鎖作用所產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際效果是減速而不是限速,而磁電響應(yīng)的過程，使 保護(hù)動(dòng)作十分安全可靠。這一限速保護(hù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于舍棄了機(jī)械限速結(jié)構(gòu)，排除了 限速機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)械故障隱患，從根本上解決了小型風(fēng)力機(jī)長期安全可靠運(yùn)行問題。Solar and Wind Hybrid Generation SystemsThe dependence more and more is n

11、ow strong in the world people to the electricity. It is being far away the electrical network the area, the independent power supply system becomes the power source which the people most need, needs the low cost, the redundant reliable independent power supply system .It is reasonable in this kind o

12、f environment leeward light supplementary power supply system, because the modern energy service still could not achieve the place often was the trough hides the rich wind to be able with the solar energy resources place. Moreover the wind, the light make up some nature which system itself is in sol

13、e possession of also exactly with these local natural condition to tall. Therefore regarding satisfies the remote districts energy to need with the Chinese most poor area sustainable development, the scenery supplementary electricity generation is an essential energy construction technology method .

14、The scenery supplementary power supply system is by the solar cell and the wind-driven generator electricity generation, after the accumulator cell stored energy, to the load power supply one kind of new power source, widely applies at present in the emblem wave correspondence, the base depot, the b

15、roadcasting station, the open country activity, the highway, the radio mountainous area, the village and the island.Remote districts use electricity the load not to be all big generally, therefore is uneconomical with the electrical network power transmission, directly generates electricity commonly

16、 used in the locality uses the diesel electric engine .But the diesel oil storage and transport too is high to the remote districts cost, therefore the diesel electric engine only can take one kind of short-time emergency power supply .Must solve the long-term stability reliable power supply problem

17、, only can rely on local the natural energy source .The solar energy gentle breeze can be most universalNatural resource, also is the inexhaustible renewable energy .The solar energy is on the Earth source of the all energy, the sun is shining Earths each land .The wind can be the solar energy in th

18、e earths surface other one kind of manifestation, as a result of the earths surface different shape like sandy soil ground, the vegetation ground and the water surface is different to the solar illumination heat absorption coefficient, forms the temperature difference in the earths surface, the surf

19、ace air temperature forms the air convection to produce differently creates an incident energy .Our country the western area is in the world most greatly also is in the world one of richest solar energy resources areas, the Tibet area, the thin air, the transparency high year sunshine time long reac

20、hes 3400h in particular, above daily sunshine 6h the annual mean number of days between 275330 days, the radiation intensity is big east, yearlyaverage radiation total quantity 7000MJ/m, the city assumes increases progressively the distribution to the west, the annual variation assumes the peak, the

21、 resources superiority is advantageous, the application prospect is extremely broad .My national customs can resources rich reserves 3200GW, potential installing equipment accommodate approximately 253GW, occupies the world first place and potential water and electricity installed capacity 380GW is

22、the same level .In 2005 I national customs electricity installing equipment allow to surpass 1GW, In 2020 the wind electricity scale estimated reaches 30GW.Future the wind electricity very possibly will become with the solar energy side-by-side new energy profession .My national customs can develop

23、the use the potential to be very big, belong to the wind to be able the resources to be possible to use the area .Specially the solar energy and the wind can all have the very strong complement in the time and in the place city .When the sunlight is daytime strongest, the wind is very small, after e

24、vening the sun falls the mountain, the illumination is very weak, but the wind can strengthen greatly as a result of the surface temperature difference change .But in the summer sun light intensity the wind small winter, the solar light intensity weak the wind is greatly big .The solar energy gentle

25、 breeze can enable the scenery supplementary generating system in the time complement to have the best match on the resources, the scenery supplementary generating system is a best independent power supply system.Light and electricity system is transforms using the light and electricity board the so

26、lar energy the electrical energy, through controller to battery charging, again through invert to current collector power supply set of systems .This system merit is the power supply reliability is high, the movement maintenance cost is low, but the system construction cost is high .The wind electri

27、city system is the use small wind-driven generator, can transform the wind the electrical energy, through controller to battery charging, again through invert to current collector power supply set of systems .This system merit is the electricity generation is big, the system construction cost is low

28、, the movement maintenance cost is low .The shortcoming is the small wind-driven generator reliability is low .The wind electricity and the light and electricity system all exist because the resources uncertainty causes the electricity generation with to use electricity the load not balanced questio

29、n, the wind electricity and the light and electricity system all must be able to supply power stably through the accumulator cell stored energy, but the daily electricity generation causes the weather influence congress the system the battery unit to be at for a long time verymuch owes the electrici

30、ty condition, this also causes the battery unit loss of life primary cause .As a result of the solar energy and the wind can complement, The scenery supplementary generating system has made up the wind electricity and the light and electricity independent system on resources flaw on the resources .A

31、t the same time, the wind electricity and the light and electricity system are may use in common in the battery unit and the link, therefore the scenery supplementary generating system construction cost may reduce, the system cost tends to reasonably .The solar cell may transform the energy of light

32、 the electrical energy .It coordinates the solar cell module and the wind-driven generator to compose organically a system, but displays respective characteristic and the superiority fully, the maximum limit use very big nature kicks the wind which gives to be able with the solar energy .Regarding u

33、ses the TV University, to use electricity requests high, but the wind can the resources and the solar energy resources rich area, the scenery supplementary power supply be one kind of best choice without doubt .In the scenery supplementary generating system may use electricity the load situation acc

34、ording to the user and the capital sends the condition to carry on the system to allow to match reasonably, then guarantees the system power supply the reliability, also may reduce the generating system the construction cost .Regardless of is how environment and how uses electricity the request, the

35、 scenery supplementary generating system all may make the request which optimized the system design plan satisfies uses electricity .Should say that, the scenery supplementary generating system is Reasonable independent power supply system .At present, the promoted scenery supplementary generating s

36、ystem biggest barrier is the small wind-driven generator.For several dozens years, the small wind-driven generator technology had the very big development, the industrial development has also obtained certain achievement, but fundamentally said, the reliable question has not always been solved .Sinc

37、e long ago, stemming from the cost consideration, the advanced hydraulic control technology has not used in the small wind-driven generator regulating protection, only is uses the simple machinery control mode to carry on the regulating protection .The mechanical regulating structure characteristic

38、is the small air blower nose or some part occupies under the natural condition, because wind speed gentle breeze to the change too is complex, moreover the natural environment is bad, inevitable can cause vibrates and moves the part the damage, thus causes the unit to damage .Wants the thorough sett

39、lement small wind-driven generator the reliable question to have to have the bestsolution in the regulating way .The scenery supplementary generating system may act according to uses electricity the load situation and the resources condition carries on the reasonable disposition which the system acc

40、ommodates, then guarantees the system power supply the reliability, also may reduce the generating system the construction cost .Regardless of is how environment and how uses electricity the request, the scenery supplementary generating system all may do Leaves optimized the system design plan to sa

41、tisfy the request .Should say that, the scenery supplementary generating system is the most reasonable independent power supply system.Leaves optimized the system design plan to satisfy the request .Should say that, the scenery supplementary generating system is the most reasonable independent power

42、 supply system .The scenery supplementary generating system matches the scenery supplementary generating system to electroplate reasonably, the small wind power generation unit by the solar energy light, the central controller, the battery unit and the invert and so on several parts is composed, the

43、 generating system various parts accommodate the reasonable pair guarantee generating system reliability is extremely important .Generally speaking, is in the uniform allocation should consider following two aspect factor .Uses electricity the load characteristic to have to understand uses electrici

44、ty the biggest load and the mean diurnal use electricity .Uses electricity loses Holland is most greatly the basis which the selective system invert accommodates, but the mean diurnal electricity consumption is chooses the air blower and the light electroplates accommodates the basis which accommoda

45、tes with the battery unit .The solar energy gentle breeze can the capital solar energy gentle breeze can the resources condition is the system light electroplates with the air blower capacity choice basis, according to the resources condition determined the light and electricity board and air blower

46、 accommodating, daily uses electricity again the consideration volume efficiency, finally examines and approves the light and electricity board and the air blower capacity.Gale regulating protection was the air blower loses humans energy to be bigger than the system at that time to be able to consum

47、e energy sum total time which could as well as the system can store up we called for the time being it was at the overpower condition the air blower, could reduce the air blower to attract the end of exercise period energy effectively, caused the air blower not to send the speed moment .At present,

48、the global each air blower regulating protection plan approximately mayconverge two kinds .The mechanical regulating protection causes the wind wheel deviation wind direction by some kind of organization, reduces the wind wheel frontal area, thus reduces the breeze to be able absorption .By some kin

49、d of organization use wind wheel leaf blades centrifugal force change prop pitch, reduces the wind wheel the wind to be able the use factor, thus achieved reduces effect which the breeze can absorb.The mechanical regulating protective device reliability is bad, except designs outside the improper factor, in fact is its inherent malpractice .The