大學(xué)英語教案 Unit20

1、Unit 10 Section AI. Background KnowledgeRobert Schuller a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years.CNN CNN is also called Cable News Network, which

2、is a subsidiary company of Turner Broadcasting Systems. It was created by Ted Turner in 1980 to present 24-hour live new broadcasts, using satellites to transmit reports from news bureaus around the world. CNN became prominent in 1991 with its coverage of the Persian Gulf War. The company also opera

3、tes the newa channels Headline News and CNN International.HamletHamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is probably the best known of William Shakespeares works, and may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeares “l(fā)ater tragedies”, Hamlet and its namesake h

4、ero display fully the mature Bards extraordinary talents. But while Hamlet has been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times, it has also developed a reputation as a different work to analyze.The character of Hamlet is one of the most compelling characters ever rising from

5、 the pages of English literature. As Shakespeares play opens, Hamlet is mourning his father, who has been killed, and lamenting the behavior of his mother, Gertrude, who marries his uncle Claudius within a month of his fathers death.Prince Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his fathers death, but, b

6、ecause he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, he delays, entering into a deep melancholy and even apparent madness.II. Text AnalysisMain idea of the text: The author puts forward, as a good test for honesty, the “Integrity Triangle”: first, standing firmly for your convictions when confronted

7、 with pressure; second, always giving other people the praise they merit; third, being honest and open about who you are.Devices for developing it:1. Listing(列舉法)General statement: A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle”, which consists of three key principles. (P

8、ara. 3)Specific statements:1) Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Para. 4)2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (Para. 9)3) Be honest and open about who you really are. (Para. 12)2. Exemplification ( 例證法）The author of this passage argues for t

9、he “Integrity Triangle” with three principles. Two of the principles are respectively supported by an example.The principle:Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are.（Para. 9） An exampl

10、e to support the principle:David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each o

11、f us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in

12、the world. Now have a look at Para.4 - 7 and fill out the charts below to see how this segment is organized.The principle:Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. An example to support the principle:Theres a story told about a surgical nurses assistance during her fi

13、rst day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “Youve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.” “I removed them all

14、,” the surgeon assured her. “Well close now.” “You cant do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.” Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “Youll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her.Structure:Part I (para.1-2)Idea: Honest

15、y or integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand.Devices for developing it: Citation (引證法)The author cites his grandparents case as an introduction to his main idea of the “Integrity

16、Triangle”.My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show.” They didnt have to talk about it; they demo

17、nstrated this truth by their life style.(Para. 1)Part II (Para.3-13)Idea: The author argues for the “Integrity Triangle” with three principles: stand firmly for your convictions under whatever pressure; give others credit they deserve; and be honest about yourself.Devices for developing it: Deductio

18、n ( 演繹法）（Para. 12-13）Deduction ( 演繹法）Specific argumentations:People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors their looks or status in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance the

19、ir inner value and personal growth.So be yourself. Dont engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. “Tough times never last but tough people do,” as Robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to lifes challenges.Part III ( Para.14)

20、Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work.Devices for developing it: Induction (歸納法) Paragraph 14Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do

21、what you do because it is right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mi

22、rror. My grandparents taught me thatIII. Language pointsI New Wordsdemonstrate vt. 1) show clearly 演示，證明You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer. 你得演示一下如何使用這臺計算機vi. 2) take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 參加游行；示威Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the c

23、entral square.大約三萬憤怒的農(nóng)民在中央廣場舉行示威。morality n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德Its not a question of morality but a question of conscience. 不是道德問題，而是良心問題。2.quality; goodness 德行Ones morality often reflects his conscience.人的品行常常與良心連在一起。boundary n. 1. (figuratively) limit界限；局限the boundaries of human th

24、ought人類思想的界限the boundaries of ones knowledge 人的知識的界限 2. dividing line 邊界The river forms the boundary between the two states.這條河是兩國的邊界。convenience n. 1. comfort 舒適；便利The new house has every modern convenience. 這新房子具有種種現(xiàn)代化的便利設(shè)施。2. usefulness 方便Shopping bags are provided for the customers convenience.

25、提供購物袋以方便顧客。inner a. 1. unexpressed; secret 內(nèi)心的The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind. 這秘密埋藏在他的內(nèi)心深處。2. inside 內(nèi)在的；內(nèi)部的A closet is usually an inner room.壁櫥通常是一個墻內(nèi)的房間。A group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest. 一群孩子在森林深處迷失了方向。apply v. 1. give or have an effect; use for

26、a purpose（使）產(chǎn)生作用, 適用于; 運用The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全駕駛的規(guī)則適用于每一個人。He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work. 他知道這條規(guī)則，但不知道如何將它運用到工作中去。2. request officially 申請She is applying for a job as secretary. 她正申請做秘書工作。3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于The reason for his

27、failure in the exam is that he didnt apply himself to his study. 他考試不及格的原因是學(xué)習(xí)不用功。consist vi. (of) be made up of由 組成The textbook consists of ten units. 這本教科書由10個單元組成.ensure vt. 1. make sure or certain 確保Come early to ensure getting a good seat. 早些來，以確保有個好座位。The novel ensured his name as a great write

28、r. 這部小說使他獲得了大作家的美譽。2. make sure of getting; secure 擔(dān)保A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介紹信可以使你得到面試的機會。This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep. 這藥可保你睡個好覺assure vt. 1. tell positively or confidently 鄭重告知I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我鄭重告訴你，這藥對你無害。2.

29、make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使確信Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked. 睡覺前，她確保自己已把門鎖上了。protest v. 1. make complaint, object 反對；抗議They protested about the bad food at the hotel. 他們抗議旅館里的食物質(zhì)量太差。There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. 廣場

30、上聚集了一大群人，他們是在抗議那場戰(zhàn)爭。 2. declare seriously 宣稱We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired. 我們力勸她和我們一道去參加晚會，但她說自己累了。n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗議If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down.如果大家都

31、拒絕購買肉類以示抗議，商店就得將肉類價格降下來。 2. a serious statement 宣稱The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault. 盡管那個被指控的男子宣稱自己無辜，他還是被判有罪。concede v. 1. yield 讓與He conceded us the right to walk through his land. 他向我們做出了讓步，同意我們在他的地盤上通過。2. admit as true, often unwillingly承認The government

32、conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known. 選舉結(jié)果一公布，政府就承認失敗了。Im willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one. 我承認大轎車花費高，但我仍認為我們該買一輛。clarify vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解釋Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the pre

33、sent position. 感謝你給我寫信并讓我解釋目前的處境。appoint vt. choose (someone) for a job, etc. 任命They appointed him as chairman. 他們?nèi)蚊麨橹飨?。They appointed him (to be) chairman. 他們?nèi)蚊麨橹飨rogressive a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 連續(xù)的；一步一步的We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.

34、我們親眼看到這座城市在一步步地發(fā)展。 2. improving or changing according to new ideas 進步的；先進的This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 這家公司很先進，采用了最為現(xiàn)代的經(jīng)營方法。progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit逐步；逐漸Her homework be

35、came progressively worse. 她的家庭作業(yè)一次比一次差。The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced. 銀行的貸款一次比一次少。external a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 外在的；表面的Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. 從外表看，他是個文靜的人，但實際上他脾氣

36、很暴躁。2. outside 外部的；外面的an external wound 外傷The medicine is for external use, not to drink. 這藥是外用的，不可內(nèi)服。inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening不可避免的An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much. 他們很不喜歡對方，因此爭吵不可避免。preserve vt. 1. keep; protect保存；保護We need to pres

37、erve the forest. 我們需要保護這片森林。I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm. 我祈禱命運保佑你平安。2. store 儲存preserved eggs 皮蛋 preserved fruit果脯mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it 面具；面罩Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask. 每個摩托車駕駛員都得戴面罩。 Vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具The bank robbers maske

38、d their faces. 銀行搶劫犯戴了面具。2. hide 掩蓋She tried to mask her feelings. 她試圖掩蓋自己的感情。A thick cloud masked the sun. 厚厚的云層遮住了太陽。tough a. 1. hard; difficult 很難的These days are very tough. 這些日子很苦。The tough problem is how to raise the money needed. 難題是如何籌集所需要的錢款。 2. strong 結(jié)實的；有力的He is very tough and can carry t

39、his huge rock easily.他力氣很大，能輕易地抓起這塊大石頭。enrich vt. 1. improve 改善；改進It is important to enrich the soil before planting. 種植前先改良土壤是很重要的。2. make rich or richer 豐富An education enriches your mind. 教育可以豐富你的思想。TV enriches life in some ways. 電視在某些方面豐富了生活。yield v. 1. give up; quit 屈服；放棄He yields to temptation

40、easily. 他很容易受誘惑。2. produce 出產(chǎn)；生長于This research has been in progress since 1978 and has yielded many positive results. 這項研究自1978年以來一直在進行，并已取得了許多實際成果。This piece of land yielded a crop worth $500,000 last year. 這塊地去年長出的莊稼值50萬美元。II Expressionseitheror, no middle pointto sell out to convenienceto be in s

41、hort supplythe bottom line to consist of three key principlesto stand firmly for the convictionsto be on the medical team to account for the surgical instruments to think of the patient to give others credit that is rightfully theirs to clarify the point to feel good about oneself to engage in a per

42、sonal cover-up of areasto yield to the tempting attractions to win the daywithout having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror1. eitheror, no middle point 1.要么要么.沒有折中辦法(L. 1)We had to either fight to the end or wait for our death. There was no middle point.我們要么戰(zhàn)斗到底，要么坐以待斃，沒有折中的辦法。2. to sell out

43、 to convenience為貪圖舒適而背叛立場 (L. 6)We hate those whose principles sell out to a variety of attractions.我們憎恨那些經(jīng)不起各種誘惑而出賣原則的人。3. to be in short supply供應(yīng)不足 (L. 8)Qualified English teachers are in short supply in the broad areas of the countryside.目前廣大的農(nóng)村地區(qū)缺乏合格的英語老師。4. the bottom line關(guān)鍵所在 (L. 9)The bottom

44、line of overcoming the spread of this infectious disease is to find out both its cause and its vehicle as soon as possible.抑制這種傳染性疾病蔓延的關(guān)鍵是盡快找到病因及傳染媒介。 5. to consist of three key principles由三個重要原則構(gòu)成 (L. 10)In the case of English learning, the Holy Bible is a good reference book, which consists of two

45、 parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.就英語學(xué)習(xí)而言，圣經(jīng)是一本很好的參考書，它由舊約和新約兩部分構(gòu)成的。6. to stand firmly for the convictions堅定信念; 堅持主張 (L. 12)In the world of art and literature, we stand strongly for the practice of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.在文藝界，我們堅決主張百花

46、齊放，百家爭鳴。7. to be on the medical team加入醫(yī)療隊 (L. 13) We are proud of those who were on the special medical team fighting against SARS. 我們?yōu)槟切┰?jīng)是抗擊“非典”特別醫(yī)療隊的隊員而驕傲。8. to account for the surgical instruments如數(shù)清點手術(shù)器械 (L. 15)This policeman is now accounting for these collected hunting rifles, which were used

47、 by some illegal hunters for capturing and killing wild animals.這位民警正在清點收繳的獵槍，這些槍支是不法分子用來捕殺野生動物的工具。9. to think of the patient為病人想一想 (L. 21) Think of those animals that are on the edge of extinction. We are duty-bound to protect them.想想那些瀕臨滅絕的動物吧，保護它們是我們義不容辭的責(zé)任。10. to give others credit that is right

48、fully theirs表揚那些值得表揚的人 (L. 26)The boss art of running his business is to lose no time in giving his employees credit for their wonderful work.這位老板的生意經(jīng)就是不失時機地表揚那些工作出色的雇員。11. to clarify the point闡明觀點 (L. 28)In order to clarify the point of serving the people heart and soul, she told her son many stori

49、es about Lei Feng.為了闡明全心全意為人民服務(wù)這一觀點，她向兒子講述了許多雷鋒的故事。12. to feel good about oneself自我感覺良好 (L. 37)He felt extremely good about himself when he finally got his long-desired birthday present.當(dāng)終于得到了自己期盼已久的生日禮物時，他感覺好極啦。13. to engage in a personal cover-up of areas (L. 40) 設(shè)法掩飾個人的某些方面In order to keep fit, h

50、e engages himself in active sports every day. 為了保持身體健康，他每天參加體育鍛煉。14. to yield to the tempting attractions (L. 46) 向種種誘惑低頭The weak-willed tend to yield to various attractions and threats.意志薄弱的人會屈從于形形色色的誘惑和威脅。15. to win the day (L. 46) 獲得成功To win the day in the highly competitive society is easier sai

51、d than done. But she has made it. 在競爭激烈的社會里獲得成功說起來容易做起來難，但是她已經(jīng)做到了。16. without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror (L. 47) 不必為自己過去的所作所為而抱憾We can enjoy different sights of the world through reading, without having to suffer from the extreme cold or heat there.我們可以通過閱讀去領(lǐng)略世界各地的風(fēng)光，而不必忍受當(dāng)?shù)氐膰?/p>

52、寒或酷暑VI.WritingShould We Leave Some Room for Sth. Undesirable?(批駁分析)寫作模式（批駁分析）1) Doing sth. / Sth. is so popular in our society that many people regard it as a natural thing we have to live with.(錯誤觀點) 2) Underlying their view is the ground that (理由I) 3) Furthermore, they argue that (理由II) 4) A deepe

53、r insight into the problem, however, can find that (批駁分析I) 5）If allowed to run its course, it would (進一步闡述) 6）On the other hand, (批駁分析II) 7) It must be kept in mind that (進一步闡述) 8) Thus, no room is to be left for (doing) sth. in our society.（劃線部分可替換）Reference model:Should We Leave Some Roomfor Cheat

54、ing on Exams in Our Society?1) Nowadays, cheating in exams is so popular on campus that many people regard it as a natural thing we have to live with. 2) Underlying their view is the ground that any struggle against it will give rise to more sophisticated methods of cheating, like burning the grass

55、that comes back to life in spring winds. 3) Furthermore, they argue that the cheaters success in the college entrance examinations did not come by easily and they will forever lose the chance of further education if they are expelled from school. 4) A deeper insight into the problem, however, can fi

56、nd that those keen on this have formed a raging current, which is eating away at the foundations of our values and moralities in education. 5) If allowed to run its course, this current, with more and more students getting involved in it, would become stronger and stronger until there would be littl

57、e that we can do about it. 6) On the other hand, a severe punishment for cheating on exams can bring both honesty and fair competition back into our campus life. 7) It must be kept in mind that the purpose of our education is not to preserve every students false mask but to build up their self-confi

58、dence for the sake of future competition. 8) Thus, no room is to be left for cheating on exams in our society.V. Reading SkillsUnderstanding Idiomatic ExpressionsIts time for more practice of a skill you learned in Unit Sixguessing the meaning of idiomatic expressions. Remember that in the case of i

59、diomatic expressions, word formation clues can be misleading, but that context cluesexamples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phrasescan help you figure out the meanings. “Understanding Idiomatic Expressions” was introduced in unit 6 and this time we have more practice of these expressions. As h

60、as been stated in Unit 6, the meaning of idiomatic expressions can be very difficulteven impossibleto guess. And it is very important for us to understand the meaning of the overall reading passage. Now here are more examples picked up from Reading Passage A, Unit 10.Example 1 My grandparents believ