養(yǎng)老護理員工作須知的知識

1、老年人常見疾病及護理-會昌縣老年護理院張智勇一、學(xué)習(xí)目標掌握老年人疾病的特點了解老年人常見疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)二、老年人疾病的特點1、衰老和疾病并存2、綜合征多見3、發(fā)病急、進展快4、癥狀不典型5、病程反復(fù)發(fā)作6、疾病長而恢復(fù)慢7、易合并意識和心理障礙8、易發(fā)生藥物不良反應(yīng)1、慢性支氣管炎概述因好發(fā)于老年人，故又稱為“老年慢性支氣管炎”，簡稱“老慢支”，是指氣管、支氣管粘膜及周圍組織的慢性非特異性炎癥。臨床上以咳嗽、咳痰和或伴有喘息及反復(fù)發(fā)作的慢性過程為特征。是一種危害老人健康的常見病、多發(fā)病，反復(fù)發(fā)作可發(fā)展為肺氣腫、肺心病（簡稱COPD）本病男性較女性為多，有明顯的季節(jié)性，寒冷季節(jié)多急性發(fā)作，溫暖

2、季節(jié)可自行緩解?；疾÷孰S年齡增長而增加，老年人平均患病率為15%左右，有些地區(qū)高達20%-30%。1、慢性支氣管炎1、慢性支氣管炎護理1、注意保暖，及時添加衣被，預(yù)防感冒，有條件的老年人接種流感育苗。2、戒煙。3、喘息性支氣管炎的老人初春時節(jié)應(yīng)盡量少到花叢中活動，避免接觸花粉。4、堅持適量運動，提高老人身體素質(zhì)。5、加強營養(yǎng)，根據(jù)老人健康狀況，制定科學(xué)的營養(yǎng)膳食方案，宜以低鹽、低脂、低糖清淡飲食為主。6、遵醫(yī)囑，督促發(fā)作期的老人按時服藥、打針治療并觀察治療反應(yīng)。老人劇烈咳嗽時要幫助老人拍背排痰，安撫老人；最好為老人準備一個痰盂或痰杯。2、高血壓病概述老年高血壓病是指以動脈血壓升高，常伴有心、腦

3、、腎損害為特征的全身性疾病。其診斷標準：在未服降壓藥、安靜狀態(tài)連續(xù)三次非同日血壓測量，有二次收縮壓140mmhg和或舒張壓90mmhg，并排除假性和繼發(fā)性高血壓，即可診斷。2、高血壓病病因老年高血壓病的發(fā)病原因尚不十分明確，與年齡、肥胖、攝鹽量、精神情緒、遺傳和個人生活習(xí)慣相關(guān)。臨床表現(xiàn)：1、大多數(shù)老年患者起病緩慢，多在體檢時發(fā)現(xiàn)，可伴有頭痛、頭暈、眼花、耳鳴、乏力等癥狀。2、老年高血壓病具有血壓波動大、癥狀少和并發(fā)癥多等特點。2、高血壓病3、并發(fā)癥：隨病程進展，可導(dǎo)致心、腦、腎等臟器損害。（1）腦部損害：腦中風(fēng)。（2）心臟損害：高血壓性心臟病。（3）腎臟損害：高血壓腎病，晚期可發(fā)展成尿毒癥。

4、護理1、向老人介紹高血壓病防治知識，合理安排生活，勞逸結(jié)合，保持良好心態(tài)，避免不良刺激。2、勸誡老人改變不良生活習(xí)慣，戒煙忌酒，保證充足睡眠。2、高血壓病3、養(yǎng)成定時排便習(xí)慣，多吃蔬菜、水果和富含植物纖維的食物，適量飲水，保持大便通暢。4、定期測量血壓，堅持長期服藥，保持血壓在正常范圍。5、給老人提供低鹽（3-5克日）、低脂、低膽固醇飲食，肥胖老人應(yīng)適當(dāng)限制熱量攝入，以減輕體重。6、適量運動。7、一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓持續(xù)性升高或出現(xiàn)頭暈、頭痛、惡心等癥狀，應(yīng)停止一切活動，囑老人放松，就地休息，做好安撫，并及時報告家屬和醫(yī)生。2、高血壓病三個半分鐘、三個半小時最簡單、有效預(yù)防高血壓并發(fā)癥的方法1、三個半

5、分鐘：醒來躺在床上半分鐘、坐起來又坐半分鐘、兩腿垂在床沿半分鐘?？梢灶A(yù)防體位性低血壓、腦缺血、摔倒、骨折，減少腦中風(fēng)、心肌梗塞和猝死事件發(fā)生。2、三個半小時：早上起來運動半小時、午睡半小時、晚上漫步行走半小時。可以增強體質(zhì)，提高生活質(zhì)量3、冠心病概述： 全稱“冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病”。是指冠狀動脈粥樣硬化使冠狀動脈管腔狹窄或閉塞，導(dǎo)致心肌缺血缺氧或壞死而引起的心臟病，是老年人十分常見的疾病，有人指出70歲及以上的老年人幾乎都患有此病。本病男性多于女性，以腦力勞動者為多，我國近年來有增多趨勢，冠心病主要臨床類型為心絞痛和心肌梗死。謝謝觀賞2012新企劃Powerpoint2012臺歷效果圖矢量

6、素材歐式花紋模板矢量圖下載2012掛歷模板矢量素材2012龍年賀卡矢量圖下載2012臺歷效果圖矢量素材歐式花紋模板矢量圖下載2012掛歷模板矢量素材ContentsClick to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add title in here 4123ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.Click to edit title

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