高考寫作技巧指導(dǎo)：運(yùn)用技巧精選論據(jù)+說明文寫作之項(xiàng)目描述+高考微寫作指導(dǎo)

1、高三基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)專題三說明文寫作之項(xiàng)目描述Revision: Introduce a person, a place, an activity by using a sentence.英文名：Angela性別：女班級：高三6班愛好：唱歌和跳舞Angela， a girl from class 6, Senior Three, loves/ has deeplovefor singing and dancing.Tip: 同位語2. 我校綜合樓面積：523平方米功能室包括：會(huì)議室，圖書館， 實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及舞蹈房。The Multifunctional Building has an area of

2、523 square meters, including functional classrooms such as meeting hall ,library ,laboratory and dancing room.Covering an area of 523 square meters, the Multifunctional Building has many functional classrooms such as meeting hall ,library ,laboratory and dancing room.TIPS: 用現(xiàn)在分詞, 用舉例來解釋。The Multifun

3、ctional Building3. 我班計(jì)劃制作班級相冊，請每人下周上交一張個(gè)人照，要求能體現(xiàn)個(gè)人風(fēng)格和特色。In order to make our class photo album , we demand everyone hand in a personal photo which can show your character and style next week .TIP: 用賓語從句，定語從句Introduce an item, such as a book, an invention, a festival, a production, a cultural custom,

4、 in order to give information to the readers.廣東高考：2008年 介紹運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目“射擊”，2011年介紹引起爭議的教育書籍項(xiàng)目描述屬于說明文的范疇，一般是用簡明的語言對某個(gè)事物、某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)、某個(gè)產(chǎn)品或者某種風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣進(jìn)行描寫，從而給讀者提供知識(shí)的一種文體。The MidAutumn Festival，which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China，falls on August 15th of the lunar calendar every year. Not only

5、 is it popular in China but it is also celebrated in many other Asian countries. People believe that the moon is a symbol of reunion，luck and fortune，and it is a custom to express best wishes to the beloved ones at this particular time. On that day people usually go back home to have a happy reunion

6、，enjoying a large meal with their familyThey will also eat moon cakes，which are round cakes with meat，eggs，nuts and other things inside一、觀摩領(lǐng)悟The Festival，which is one of the most festivals in ，falls on every year. Not only is it but it is also celebrated in . People believe that is a symbol of ，and

7、it is a custom to express . On that day people usually ，enjoying with They will also ，which are 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句現(xiàn)在分詞并列句賓語從句并列句，倒裝句【結(jié)構(gòu)分析與解讀】(1)高考命題中，項(xiàng)目描述一般以圖表式，有時(shí)候以圖畫式或者提綱式命題。要求考生根據(jù)所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)及標(biāo)題進(jìn)行分析、研究，閱讀其中的文字和說明，弄清各種信息之間的關(guān)系，提煉和確定出句子主干，然后進(jìn)行信息整合 。(2)人稱通常用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，特定時(shí)間用過去時(shí)。 （3）寫作順序：概括描述項(xiàng)目影響項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)

8、。二、寫作指導(dǎo)即學(xué)即練：翻譯下列句子。1射擊，原先是一種生存手段，到了19世紀(jì)晚期才發(fā)展成一種運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。2蘋果5，即觸屏智能手機(jī)，是蘋果的第六代產(chǎn)品。3太陽能汽車(solar car)，外形與普通車形狀相近，但有好些優(yōu)點(diǎn)。4. 缺點(diǎn)：價(jià)格昂貴；動(dòng)力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小時(shí).5. 微信是騰訊公司于2011年1月推出的一款快速發(fā)送文字和照片、支持多人語音對講的手機(jī)聊天軟件。 6. 京劇，中國國粹，有200多年的歷史。翻譯下列句子。1射擊，原先是一種生存手段，到了19世紀(jì)晚期才發(fā)展成一種運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。（08年廣東高考）_即學(xué)即練Shooting，originated as a means of

9、survival，developed into a sport only in the late 19th century.2蘋果5，即觸屏智能手機(jī)，是蘋果的第六代產(chǎn)品。_The iPhone 5，a touchscreen smart phone，is the sixth generation of the iPhone.3太陽能汽車(solar car)，外形與普通車形狀相近，但有好優(yōu)點(diǎn)。4. 缺點(diǎn)：價(jià)格昂貴；動(dòng)力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小時(shí).Solar cars，which get their energy from the sun through solar panels，look

10、 similar to ordinary cars，but they have several advantages. Not only are they much more expensive to buy than normal cars，but theyre also less powerful ，with a top speed of only 70 km/h._ 5. 微信是騰訊公司于2011年1月推出的一款快速發(fā)送文字和照片、支持多人語音對講的手機(jī)聊天軟件。 6. 京劇，中國國粹，有200多年的歷史。 WeChat is a mobile text and voice messag

11、ing communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011.Having a history of over 200 years, Peking opera is know as the national opera of china. _寫作順序：概括描述項(xiàng)目影響項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)（2014年廣州一模）If you were the English teacher, how much would you score these writing assignments?Can you

12、 help to rewrite some of the sentences?來，這是你的一沓!Criteria MarksContent（內(nèi)容）(是否包括所有提示要點(diǎn), 是否用5句話表達(dá)全文）Language（語言） (觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)是否清晰、明確，句子是否得當(dāng)) Coherence（連貫）（是否用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，副詞，短語來銜接句子）Writing AssessmentThe white tea is one of the six major tea in china. It famous for his color and in Fujian, Taiwan is rich white tea.

13、Everyone drink the tea can prevention high blood pressure, also assist help toothache and headache.學(xué)生考場作文選1（2014廣一模）Drinking white tea can not only prevent but also help to relievethepainof.It is famous for its color and it is mainly grown in Fujian and Taiwan. 學(xué)生考場作文選2（2014廣一模） It is one of the six

14、 major tea, white tea, because of its color is white. It mainly produced in Fujian and Taiwan, and it has a long history that first appeared in the northern song dynasty. White tea is famous for it like a needle, has beautiful shape and its sweet taste. The special character of white tea can prevent

15、ion of high blood pressure. People usually drink white tea can beneficial to their health also can treat headache and toothache.It is one of the six major tea, white tea, because of its color is white.White tea , one of the six major tea types in china, gets its name from its white color.White tea i

16、s famous for it like a needle, has beautiful shape and its sweet taste.White tea is famous for its needle shape and sweet taste.People usually drink white tea can beneficial to their health also can treat headache and toothache.Drinking white tea can not only be beneficial to peoples health but also

17、 .HomeworkP89 (二)基礎(chǔ)寫作。你接受了一項(xiàng)寫作任務(wù)，要為英語校報(bào)的“科技與發(fā)明”欄目寫一篇環(huán)保產(chǎn)品介紹。寫作內(nèi)容請根據(jù)以下信息，介紹太陽能汽車。Thank you for attending !備選材料概括描述項(xiàng)目影響項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)。Whitetea,whichgetsitsnamefromitssilver-whitecolor,isregardedasoneofthesixmajorChineseteatypes.DatingbacktotheBeisongDynasty,WhiteTeahasalong historyanditismainlygrowninFujianan

18、dTaiwan. WhiteTeaisfamousforitsbeautifulsilver-needle likeshape, itssweettasteanditsmedicinaleffects. Thelonger itispreserved,thebettereffectithas.WhiteTeaisgoodforhealthifdrunkfrequentlyandcanbeusedinpreventingdiseaseslikehighbloodpressureandhelpingrelievethepainoftoothacheandfever.名稱太陽能汽車(solar ca

19、r)原理通過太陽板(solar panels)從日光中獲取能量外形與普通車形狀相近優(yōu)點(diǎn)低噪音、無污染、環(huán)保車身小、易駕駛、易停車缺點(diǎn)價(jià)格昂貴動(dòng)力不足，最高速度只有70公里/小時(shí)最大問題：每次充電(charge)后只能行駛約100公里 寫作要求只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部內(nèi)容。評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。_參考答案Solar cars，which get their energy from the sun through solar panels，look similar to ordinary cars，but they have several advantages. Th

20、ey produce little noise and almost no air pollution，so theyre quite good for the environment.Also，as theyre comparatively smaller，solar cars are easy to drive and park.However，not only are they much more expensive to buy than normal cars，but theyre also less powerful ，with_a top speed of only 70 km/

21、h. The biggest problem of all is that they can only be driven about 100 km before their battery needs recharging/to be recharged.WeChat (Chinese: 微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011.8 It is the largest standalon

22、e messaging app by monthly active users.9The app is available on Android, iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Phone and Symbian phones, and there are also Web-based and OS X10 clients but these require the user to have the app installed on a supported mobile phone for authentication.11 As of August 2014, We

23、Chat has 438 million active users; with 70 million outside of China.12Users can register WeChat with Facebook account or sign up with phone number.13 WeChat currently supports phone numbers of more than 100 countries to register. Registration cannot be done directly through Tencent QQ. But users can

24、 connect their WeChat account with Tencent QQ account after registering through phone number.14 2相關(guān)短語。以出現(xiàn)/起源，一種生存手段，發(fā)展成為，被允許，穩(wěn)定增長，歷史上兩次，參加，參與，被認(rèn)為是，給某人提供幫助，與相似，從中選擇兩個(gè)科目，作為一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)取得它的地位，相關(guān)的閱讀材料，開闊視野，給某人提供一個(gè)平臺(tái)originate as. a means of survivaldevelop intobe allowed togrow steadilytwice in historyparticipat

25、e inis considered to be(as) offer sb.helpbe similar tochoose two subjects out of. earn its status as a sportrelated reading materialsbroaden ones horizonsprovide sb.with a platform高考議論文復(fù)習(xí)課件運(yùn)用技巧精選論據(jù)選擇論據(jù)時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)：1、辨別主旨，適度取舍 對掌握的事例進(jìn)行篩選辨析區(qū)別不同材料所蘊(yùn)含的要旨的細(xì)微差異。從論證的角度，從不同的角度進(jìn)行取舍。 例1：常言道：勤能補(bǔ)拙，事實(shí)正是如此。居里夫人在法國讀書時(shí)，

26、每天早晨，總是第一個(gè)來到教室；每天晚上，幾乎都在圖書館度過。圖書館到10點(diǎn)就關(guān)門了，她便回到自己的小屋子里，在煤油燈下讀書，常常到半夜兩點(diǎn)鐘。勤能補(bǔ)拙居里夫人正是她的勤奮，才為她后來的成功奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。我國第一個(gè)電子學(xué)女博士韋鈺在西德進(jìn)修期間，沒有空暇到繁華的街頭漫步，沒有精力去劇場、影院欣賞藝術(shù)，她一心撲在專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)上，就連生病也拒絕休息。正是刻苦，才使她為祖國贏得了榮譽(yù)。 這段文字中選用的這些人物本身就不“拙”，不能說她們的“勤”補(bǔ)了她們的“拙”，所以此段文字選用論據(jù)不準(zhǔn)確。2、事例宜多不宜少(一般以三個(gè)為宜) 論據(jù)充分，表現(xiàn)在例證方面就意味著必須多選用一些合適的事例。3、事例宜高度概括

27、不宜拖沓冗長例3：司馬遷報(bào)任安書 “蓋文王拘而演周易；仲尼厄而作春秋；屈原放逐，乃賦離騷；左丘失明，厥有國語；孫子臏腳，兵法修列；不韋遷蜀，世傳呂覽；韓非囚秦，說難孤憤；詩三百篇，大底圣賢發(fā)憤之所為作也?！?、事例宜多維組合不宜單方位出擊（1）正反事例組合 。例4：如來佛祖拋除私欲，性格沉穩(wěn)，終修成正果，普渡眾生；諸葛孔明淡泊明志，寧靜致遠(yuǎn)，終運(yùn)籌帷幄，功成名就。有了私欲，心中自然無法沉穩(wěn)下來，遇事則慌，處事則亂。霸王以一已私欲，趕走亞父，氣走韓信，終被困垓下，遺憾千古，長使英雄淚滿襟。霸王之?dāng)?，后人哀之。后人哀之而不鑒之，則必使后人而復(fù)哀后人矣。 穩(wěn)中求勝這篇2005年高考作文巧以如來、孔明

28、與項(xiàng)羽對比，孰是孰非，一目了然。（2）不同時(shí)空事例組合。例子5: 其實(shí)，只要我們稍加考察，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，古今中外像貝利和謝晉這樣的成大事者，可謂不勝枚舉，比比皆是。曹雪芹批閱十載增刪五次，“字字看來皆是血”，乃成世界不朽的文學(xué)巨著紅樓夢；齊白石從成名及至80歲以后，五易畫風(fēng)，遂為一代國畫宗師；比爾蓋茨的微軟公司繼1995年推出世界軟件史上最為引人矚目的“視窗95”后，從“視窗98”到“視窗xP”，乃至即將上市的“視窗VISTA”，年年都有升級產(chǎn)品問世；愛迪生自16歲發(fā)明電話自動(dòng)撥號機(jī)開始，平均每3天就有一頊新發(fā)明；吳文俊繼“拓?fù)鋵W(xué)大地震”之后再創(chuàng)“數(shù)學(xué)機(jī)械化”；張健挑戰(zhàn)極限；劉翔超越夢想所有這些

29、成功的秘訣，就在于不斷地挑戰(zhàn)自己，超越自己。 例子6:論點(diǎn)：自立自強(qiáng)（3）詳略事例巧妙組合“虎父犬子”的現(xiàn)象，在歷史上多不勝數(shù)。蜀主劉備，一代英豪，兒子劉禪卻是“扶不起的阿斗”；名將周瑜，足智多謀，兒子周胤卻荒淫自恣、終遭流放；唐太宗李世民，雄才大略，十四個(gè)兒子卻無一成器；名相寇準(zhǔn)，智慧過人，子孫卻驕奢淫逸，淪為庶人（論據(jù)）這些“犬子”們，躺在父輩功勛的溫床上，自我放縱，不思進(jìn)取。他們不懂得，只有自立自強(qiáng)，才能創(chuàng)造屬于自己的人生。（評析）無論出身如何，我們都要靠自己編織未來。（論點(diǎn)） 羅列事例（虎父犬子）歸納共性（依靠祖蔭）揭示實(shí)質(zhì)（不懂自立）5、事例宜敘議結(jié)合不宜簡單羅列。如何用好事例(實(shí))

30、論據(jù) l、例后假設(shè) 即用假設(shè)性的語言，把事物之間的因果關(guān)系講出來，前蘇聯(lián)偉大的無產(chǎn)階級文學(xué)的奠基人高爾基，青年時(shí)代一度希望成為一名歌唱家。他曾去報(bào)考一個(gè)著名的合唱團(tuán)，竟被錄取了?？墒?，他經(jīng)過再三考慮，最終放棄了歌唱事業(yè)拿起了戰(zhàn)斗的筆，成為一代文學(xué)大師。如果高爾基沒有作出這樣的選擇，也許幾十年后，世界上只會(huì)增 加一名平庸的歌唱家而失去一位文學(xué)巨匠了。 可見正確的選擇使他的青春無憾，人生無悔。 進(jìn)行假設(shè)性的分析，有一個(gè)最基本的要求：就是你舉的例子是正面的，那么你就從反面來假設(shè)分析；你舉的例子是反面的，你就從正面來進(jìn)行假設(shè)。2、例后評論 在敘述完事例后，為了密切所舉例子和觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)系，或?yàn)榱送怀鍪吕?/p>

31、蘊(yùn)涵的意義，要對其進(jìn)行評論。 如： 舍棄應(yīng)該舍棄的，你便是智者。世界文豪高爾基在他的房間失火時(shí)，他沒有顧及衣物、家具、財(cái)產(chǎn)，甚至沒有顧及生命，從熊熊大火中救出的是幾箱書。 他舍棄了凡夫俗子眼中的財(cái)富，守住的是啟迪心志、凈化心靈的真正的財(cái)富。正確的舍棄，使他的人格獨(dú)具魅力。 那位宰相舍棄了自己面子上的威嚴(yán)，以寬容禮讓的胸襟，大度能容之氣概，化干戈為玉帛，止?fàn)幎酚谖雌?。如果沒有超出常人的高風(fēng)亮節(jié)，怎會(huì)作出如此的舍棄？再如： 安徽桐城有一條：“六尺巷”，起因是張、葉兩家爭地。張家主人乃當(dāng)朝宰相，張老夫人致信給他，他回信卻說“千里家書只為墻，讓他三尺又何妨，長城萬里今猶在，不見當(dāng)年秦始皇”。于是張家讓

32、出三尺。葉家深感慚愧，也讓出三尺，便成了現(xiàn)在的“六尺巷”。 在敘述完事例之后，對所敘的幾件事例進(jìn)行比較，找出相同，發(fā)現(xiàn)不同，能夠使讀者深刻理解所舉事例的內(nèi)涵，強(qiáng)化所論述的觀點(diǎn)；或拿所敘事例與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的某些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行比較，突現(xiàn)寫作的目的。 如下例：3、例后比較 左思為寫三都賦閉門謝客，數(shù)載耕耘。三九嚴(yán)冬，筆耕不輟；三伏酷暑，意興猶酣。多少白日，三餐忘食；多少夜晚，獨(dú)對孤燈?！耙聨u寬終不悔”的執(zhí)著，換來了豐碩的成果，三都賦轟動(dòng)全城，一時(shí)洛陽紙貴。英國物理學(xué)家法拉第，為了揭示電和磁的奧秘整整奮斗了10年，10年中，他不懈地努力，卻不斷地失?。徊粩嗟厥?，卻又不懈地努力。 10年之后，他成為揭示電磁奧秘的第一人。左思和法拉第，不同時(shí)代，不同國籍，不同的研究領(lǐng)域，而他們成功的道路卻是相