雅思長難句100句教師版

1、.wd.wd.wd.雅思閱讀長難句分析1.It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.2.Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or v

2、ice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.3.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andappropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.4.There is no agr

3、eement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theresearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.5.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of itsagricult

4、ure and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.-1-5答案-1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.譯文：許多人認(rèn)

5、為，普通人的思維活動 基本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 it is imagined that, and that 。這是典型的句型it + is + p. p. 過去分詞+ that clause。it是形式主語，句子真正的主語是兩個并列的that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，由連詞and 連接。operation 此處不能譯成“操作，根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)譯成“活動，這里的processes 要譯成“思維過程，而不能簡單地理解成“過程。2. Whether the government should increase the financing of

6、 pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.譯文：政府終究是以減少對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動的力量要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是whether or often depends on 。whether or 引導(dǎo)了主語從句作句子的主語，financing 這里根據(jù)上下文要譯成“經(jīng)費(fèi)投入；介詞構(gòu)造 of which is seen as the

7、driving force 是賓語 theissue 的后置定語，of 介詞構(gòu)造中又包含了which 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句。3. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andappropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.譯文：這些預(yù)測在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)

8、量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是 how depends on and on 。句子的主語由how引導(dǎo)的主語從句擔(dān)任；謂語動詞詞組depends on后面跟了兩個由and連接的并列賓語，在第二個賓語中，介詞with + which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the skill and wisdom。4. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theresearch technique

9、s appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.譯文：所謂方法論是指一般的歷史研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對此意見不一。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether or 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面緊跟了由whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句作同位語；在同位語從句中，謂語動詞短語refers to跟了兩個由連詞or連接的并列賓語：a. the concepts peculiar to historical wo

10、rk in general; b. the research techniquesappropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在第一個賓語中，形容詞詞組peculiar to historicalwork和介詞詞組in general作后置定語修飾the concepts；在第二個賓語中同樣有形容詞詞組appropriate to of historical inquiry作后置定語修飾the research techniques。5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the streng

11、th of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.譯文：再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高那么又有賴于各種科技人員的努力要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that, and that 。這是典

12、型的句型it + is + obvious + thatclause。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是由連詞and連接的兩個并列的主語從句：a. that the strength is bound with; b. and that this rests upon the efforts 。第一個主語從句中的詞組be bound up with是“與有關(guān)聯(lián)之意；在第二個主語從句中，代詞this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture andindustry，譯為“效率的提高。6.What could be a key to jet lag and winte

13、r blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate bodyrhythms.7.There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 millionteens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.8.It seemed almost unbelievable but what ap

14、peared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricatedby the injection of the fluid.9.It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partlyon the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated soc

15、iety.10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were ableto put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.-6-10答案-6. What could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate bodyrh

16、ythms.譯文：能解除時差綜合癥和冬季憂郁癥的關(guān)鍵是荷爾蒙褪黑激素，人們知道這種激素能夠調(diào)節(jié)人體節(jié)奏。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是what is the hormone melatonin which is 。what引導(dǎo)了一個主語從句，而謂語局部中由which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語從句hormone melatonin。句中jet-lag是“時差綜合癥，blues不能譯成“藍(lán)色，而是“憂郁之意。7. There are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35

17、 millionteens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.譯文：12歲至19歲年齡組的孩子目前有3100萬，人口學(xué)家預(yù)測，到2010年他們將到達(dá)3500萬，比二戰(zhàn)后生育頂峰期出生的孩子還多要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there are kids , and demographers predict that 。這是一個并列復(fù)合句，在第二個并列分句中，謂語動詞predict后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在that賓語從句中，a populationbigger than even the baby b

18、oom at its peak是35 million teens的同位語。8. It seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricatedby the injection of the fluid.譯文：地球內(nèi)的斷層正在被人們注入的液體所潤滑，這幾乎是難以令人相信的，但是這確實(shí)正在發(fā)生。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it seemed but what was that 。句子由but連接的兩個并列分句構(gòu)成：a. itseemed almos

19、t unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that 在第二個分句中，what引導(dǎo)了主語從句擔(dān)任主語，that引導(dǎo)了表語從句。這里injection不能譯成“注射，根據(jù)上下文要譯成“注入。9. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partlyon the ground that education prepares people to live i

20、n an already outdated society.譯文：那么教育體制在過去幾十年中受到嚴(yán)厲的批評，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評者的局部根據(jù)是，這種教育培養(yǎng)人們在一種已過時的社會中生存。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it is surprising that education system have been criticized, on the groundthat 。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，而主語從句又包含了that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated soci

21、ety 作介詞詞組on the ground 中g(shù)round的同位語，ground這里的意思是“根據(jù)。10.There are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what were able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是there are grounds for thinking that the health derives from wh

22、at , rather than what。介詞構(gòu)造for thinking 中包含了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作分詞thinking的賓語；而這個賓語從句中又包含了兩個并列的介詞賓語從句：a. what were able to put into life; b. what we try to get out of it. 兩個賓語從句由rather than連接。譯文：至于個人和社會的安康可以以這樣的理由來衡量，我們對生活能夠付出多少而不是我們能向生活取得多少。11. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students

23、are not to waste their opportunities, there willhave to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use ofcalculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds t

24、o understand math concepts.13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called thesonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospaceengineering14. A religious sect that contends th

25、at space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Fridaythat the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.15.Yet no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devis

26、ed:the velocity 速度of light did not vary.-11-15答案-11.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there willhave to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.譯文：因此，如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們上大學(xué)的時機(jī)，就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息，做更多的指導(dǎo)。這個問題顯得越來越重要

27、了。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是it becomes that, if , there will have to be。it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句是句子的真正主語，在that從句中，if引導(dǎo)了條件狀語從句。12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental computation, or encourage the use ofcalculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand mat

28、h concepts.譯文：我們應(yīng)該用心算來增加孩子們的負(fù)擔(dān)，還是應(yīng)該鼓勵他們使用計算器來減輕其繁重的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，使他們不再費(fèi)心去理解抽象的數(shù)學(xué)概念，專家們對此尚未達(dá)成一致。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should , or encourage。句子的主語局部是expertsare debating ，而whether or 引導(dǎo)了賓語從句作謂語動詞are debating的賓語。其中burdenwith是“使背上負(fù)擔(dān)之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children

29、of hard workand free their minds to understand math concepts 中，兩個并列的不定式短語to relieve of 和to freetounderstand 作目的狀語。另外，詞組relieve somebody of something指“減輕。13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, high-speed plane called thesonic cruiser brings an end to

30、one of the most imaginative and some say quixotic projects in recent aerospaceengineering.譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇的新潮、高速飛機(jī)的方案，這一決定使近年來航空工程中最富想象力還有人稱純屬空想的方案落了空。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是the announcement that is has decided brings an end to 。主語the announcement后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在that從句中，動詞不定式短語to build called the sonic

31、cruiser作plan的后置定語，而不定式短語中的過去分詞短語called the sonic cruiser作plane的后置定語；破折號之后的and some say是插入語。14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Fridaythat the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to supp

32、ort the claim.譯文：一個宣稱人類是由外星人克隆而成的邪教組織于星期五宣布第一個克隆人已出生，但它沒有談及過多細(xì)節(jié)，也沒有提供任何證據(jù)。要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是a religious sect declared that , but it offered。這個句子中，由but連接了兩個并列分句。在前一個分句中，由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that contends that by cloning themselves修飾先行詞a religious sect，而定語從句中又包含了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞contends的賓語。15.Yet no such effect had been

33、detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised:the velocity 速度of light did not vary.譯文：然而在任何物理學(xué)家所進(jìn)展過的精細(xì)巧妙的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速沒有變化。要點(diǎn)：定語從句的構(gòu)造是簡單的主謂賓構(gòu)造，翻譯成前置的定語詞組。16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all pr

34、obes wouldspread throughout the galaxy 星系would be about 1/25th the speed of light17. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather thanfrom overhead conductors.18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or

35、 shaded portions, an electronic image isproduced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed toplay the same role as ploughin

36、g fields does to eliminate weed.20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent ofthe operations and the staff of which he is in command.-16-20答案-16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average

37、speed at which all probes wouldspread throughout the galaxy 星系would be about 1/25th the speed of light.譯文：如果探測體需要，比方說，100年時間來生成自己的副體，那么所有探測體傳遍整個星系的平均速度大約為光速的1/2517. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail ratherthan from overhead condu

38、ctors.譯文：但是，這樣的問題主要局限于從第三軌而不是從高架線得到電力的那些鐵路上。要點(diǎn)：在限制性定語從句中有一個固定短語rather than，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復(fù)雜的帶“的的定語從句。18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image isproduced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in

39、the scene being pictured.譯文：因?yàn)閳D像的較明亮的局部比黑暗的局部或者陰影局部發(fā)射的電子更多，所以產(chǎn)生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強(qiáng)度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強(qiáng)度成倍增強(qiáng)。要點(diǎn)：在這句的定語從句中，有現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，及過去分詞作后置定語，翻譯成前置的定語詞組會生澀拗口。因此，將從句與主句分開翻譯，單獨(dú)成句。19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed toplay the same role

40、 as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.譯文：在最初的幾年里，雜草可能在農(nóng)作物之間繁茂地蔓生，為了消滅這些雜草，需要有效的除草劑，發(fā)揮與耕地同樣的消滅雜草的作用。要點(diǎn)：這是一個典型的將定語從句譯為前置的并列分句的例子。20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent ofthe operations and the staff of which he is i

41、n command.譯文：在大的鐵路終點(diǎn)站，站長的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車站運(yùn)營范圍廣、工作人員多。要點(diǎn)：在本句的翻譯中 基本上看不出原句中定語從句of which he is in command的痕跡。定語從句完全融入漢語翻譯中。21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currentsshifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.22. Although he got

42、 generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface from which visible light photon

43、s 光子freelyemerge.24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting GeorgeWashington as its commander in chief.-21-25答案-21. Attending services at the Cathe

44、dral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.譯文：一次在比薩大教堂做禮拜時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正看著一個吊燈架，它隨著氣流時而劃一個大弧，時而劃一個小弧。要點(diǎn)：定語從句被翻譯為后置的并列分句，用人稱代詞“它代替先行詞“吊架燈。22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein

45、hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.譯文：雖然愛因斯坦門門功課都很優(yōu)異，數(shù)學(xué)尤為突出，但他很討厭上這所慕尼黑的中學(xué)。在這所學(xué)校里成功取決于死機(jī)硬背和對專職權(quán)威的服從。要點(diǎn)：although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句和where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surf

46、ace from which visible light photons 光子freely emerge.譯文：一個例子就是太陽的邊緣，這是一個氣狀的外表，可見光的光子從中源源涌出。要點(diǎn)：本句在非限制性定語從句里又包含一個限制性定語從句，為了符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，我們將兩個定語從句都譯為后置的并列分句。24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion譯文：火箭在太空中運(yùn)行最正確，因?yàn)樵谀莾翰淮嬖谧璧K他們運(yùn)動的大氣。要點(diǎn)：在語義上，定語從句與主句的關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，因此我們將定語

47、從句譯為原因狀語從句。25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting GeorgeWashington as its commander in chief.譯文：代表大會先前已集會決定繼續(xù)向英皇提抗議，而現(xiàn)在那么開展到招募兵員并推選喬治 華盛頓為總司令了。要點(diǎn)：定語從句與先行詞融合起來，翻譯成時間狀語從句。26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to matc

48、h this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to publicsupport of scientific research, save at the educational level.28. In the Greek herit

49、age of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational andanalytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence andthen apply those rules to the contin

50、uously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develophis or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.-26-30答案-26. This food supp

51、ly will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是the food supply will not increase. to match this, which means that we are heading into acrisis .。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。其先行詞是前面一整句。翻譯時譯成另一個分句。在這個從句中又包含了

52、一個由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作means的賓語。指示代詞this在這兒指代上文的人口增長。譯文：食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正陷入危機(jī)。27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是other issues that conce

53、rn .，are not easily linked to.，save at.。這是一個含有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的長主句，other issues是主語，也是先行詞。such as引導(dǎo)并列成分。謂語是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在這個句子中相當(dāng)于“except，意為“除了。body politic可譯為“國家。譯文：除了在教育層次上，其他一些與國家息息相關(guān)的問題，如犯罪、貧窮和福利都難以與公共支持的科研相提并論。28. In the Greek heritage of the west,

54、 myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是in the Greek heritage., myth has always been., which signified.。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾reason。在這個句子中，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句兼有狀語從句的功能，翻譯時可視作原因狀語從句翻譯。reason在此句中不譯為“原因

55、、理由，應(yīng)譯為“理性。譯文：在西方希臘遺產(chǎn)中，神話與理性始終處于緊張沖突狀態(tài)，因?yàn)槔硇砸馕吨鴮ΜF(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)展合情合理、符合實(shí)際的分析和描述29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是medicine,

56、 like all., needs scholars who are able to.。like all branches of science是插入語。關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語修飾scholars。在這個從句中包含一個名詞從句what is relevant作determine的賓語。flowing stream of new data在此譯為“新數(shù)據(jù)流。apply.to在此句中譯為“把應(yīng)用于。譯文：正像所有的科學(xué)分支一樣，醫(yī)學(xué)也需要這類學(xué)者，他們既能開發(fā)適當(dāng)?shù)摹皩?shí)證規(guī)那么，又能把那些規(guī)那么應(yīng)用到不斷變化的新數(shù)據(jù)流中去，進(jìn)而確定哪些信息是相關(guān)的。30. Behaviorists suggest

57、 that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是behaviorists suggest that the child who is.environment where there are.stimuli which develop.will experie

58、nce greater.。that引導(dǎo)名詞從句做suggest的賓語。在這個從句中又包含三個定語從句，一層套一層。從句中的主語是the child，謂語是will experience greater intellectual development。關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾child。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾environment。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾stimuli。stimuli譯為“刺激物。譯文：行為主義者指出，如果一個孩子在有很多刺激物的環(huán)境中長大，那么這個兒童將會有更高的智力開展。31. My idea of a good P.E. class is o

59、ne where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that getstheir heart rates up.32. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down rivers to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.33. These new-age executives are like

60、ly to cause trouble in companies where longer-serving middle managers, who have done their time in a less-privileged environment, resent the concessions the recruits are winning.34.This is an elegant, antimagnetic, waterproof, shock-protected and heat-resistant watch which is made of stainless steel