語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解以及練習(xí)題講義

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解和習(xí)題鞏固.用法動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，影響到現(xiàn)在。.結(jié)構(gòu)have/has+done.標(biāo)志詞since 和 forExercise: 用 since 和 for 填空J(rèn)im has been in Ireland Monday.Jill has been in Ireland three days.His aunt has lived in Australia 5 days.Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock.India has been an independent country 1974.*since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)for

2、后接一段時(shí)間2）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般 譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有 twice, ever, never, three times 等時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)。你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?-I have never been to the Great Wall.*ever和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中, “等。3）副詞 already 和 yet。We have already finished our homework. 我們已完成作業(yè)了。They havent fini

3、shed their homework yet.他彳門還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。*already 一般用于肯定句中yet 一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中4）表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如 just, before, the past few years 等。I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過(guò)那里三次了。*4.特殊注意1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ) 連用，表示動(dòng)

4、作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years.She has worked in the factory for 5 year.但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的歐語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述。表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如 come,arrive,( 來(lái)來(lái))go,leave,(去去) begin, start,(開(kāi)始)borrow, buy,(借買)die (死)等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用， 因?yàn)樗鼈儽硎镜膭?dòng)作不可 能持續(xù)。判斷句子：He has come her

5、e for 2 weeks. ()The old man has died for 4 years.()They have left only for 5 minutes.()以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has for 4 years.They have only for 5 minutes.現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy - have; catch(get) a cold - have a cold ; borrow keep; become- be; put on- wear

6、.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞join the army be a soldier ; join the Party - be a Party member go to school - be a student轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die be dead; finish - be over ； begin -be on； leave be away ;fall sleep - be asleep ; close - be closedcome to/ go to/arrive at(in)+ 某地一 be in(at) + 某地finish f be over ;open be;open(4).轉(zhuǎn)換成

7、be+介詞短語(yǔ)go to school - be in school ; get up-be up ;Exercise:他參軍三年了。他父親去世二年了。電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)英語(yǔ)三Hefor three years.His father for two years.The film for ten minutes .We English for three years.年了。have been(to) 與 have gone( to) 的區(qū)另U:They have been to Beijing twice,他們?cè)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing ,他已經(jīng)去北

8、京了。*have been(to) 有去有回 與 once ,never, many times 等連用 have gone(to) 有去無(wú)回4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別I lost my bag , yesterday. 昨天我丟了書包。I have lost my bag ,and it is here now.我(過(guò)去)丟了書包，現(xiàn)在在這兒呢?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一一過(guò)去發(fā)生，影響到現(xiàn)在 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一一發(fā)生在過(guò)去(與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))一、單項(xiàng)選擇Li Hong has the army for 2 years.A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined inYou

9、that question three times.A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked alreadyThose foreign friends left Guangzhou.A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a weekD. since a week agoMrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1992.A. since B. from C. after D. inMr. Black China in the summer

10、 of 1998.A. has been to B. been in C. has come toD. came toHis father for years.A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. diesyou England? Yes, it a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, beento, is D.Have, gone to, is-you to Beijing? -No, I.Ithere early next month.A. Have, been, haven t, amgoing B. Had, been, hadn t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven t, was going D. Did,go, didn t, was going-You sister to London to study English. Is thattrue?-Yes , she _ there for two months.A. has been, has been B. will