初中英語復(fù)合句專題

1、關(guān)于初中英語復(fù)合句專題第一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 The Complex Sentences in Junior English: 初中英語教材中涉及到的復(fù)合句主要有：The Object Clause (賓語從句)、The Adverbial Clause (狀語從句) 和 The Attributive Clause (定語從句)。其它諸如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等形式的復(fù)合句盡管在教材中也有出現(xiàn)，但在中考中沒有被列為重點考查范圍。第二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月. The Object Clause (賓語從句) 賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中用來充當(dāng)賓語

2、的句子。 賓語從句一般由“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其它”構(gòu)成，其語序是陳述句語序. 第三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 1. that+陳述句的賓語從句例如: He says that_. (他想要和你通話) Im sorry (that)_ 他現(xiàn)在不在這里 that本身無意義,不充當(dāng)任何成分,常被省略he wants to speak to you.he isnt here right now.第四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Note: 1.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等時，從句中的否定習(xí)慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。

3、如：我認為雞不會游泳。 I think chickens can not swim. ( ) I dont think chickens can swim. ( )此外，上述情況在變成反意疑問句時，附加疑問句要看從句，如果主句的主語不是第一人稱，則附加疑問句要看主句。試比較： I think he is wrong,_? He thinks he is right,_ ?isnt hedoesnt he第五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.if/whether + 一般疑問句的賓語從句 if/whether都可作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，意為“是否”，在一般情況下可以互換。if 多用于口語

4、和非正式文體中;whether則多用于比較正式的文體中。如： She asked me if/whether_. 我是否能幫助她 I dont know if/whether_ 是否將要下雨I could help herit is going to rain.第六張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Note: 只用whether的四種情況：2. 直接與or not連用時 I dont know whether they will come or not .1. 在介詞后 I m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3. Whether +

5、動詞不定式 Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one4. 賓語從句提前時只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I cant say.第七張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和 連接副詞when, where how, why + 特殊疑問句 的賓語從句 例如: Do you know_? 誰下午將要來 Did you hear_? 她說過什么嗎 We didnt know _ 她將什么時候回來 Who will

6、 come this afternoonwhat he saidwhen she would come back.連接代詞/連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)一定的子成份,不能省略 (主語)(賓語)(狀語)第八張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 關(guān)于賓語從句的時態(tài)對應(yīng)*特別要注意的是當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，則用一般現(xiàn)在時，不受主句時態(tài)的限制He says that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)He said that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)The te

7、acher told us that the earth _round the sun.(go)wantswantedgoes 主句 從句 1、一般現(xiàn)在時 A.過去的某一種時態(tài) 2、一般過去時 B.根據(jù)句意選擇時態(tài)第九張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 賓語從句小結(jié)1、_ 引導(dǎo)陳述句。2、_引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句。3、_引導(dǎo)一般疑問句。4、賓語從句要用_語序。5、主句、從句時態(tài)要對應(yīng)。that特殊疑問詞if/whether陳述句第十張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月. The Adverbial Clause (狀語從句) 狀語從句是副詞性從句，其句法功能是修飾謂語或整個句子等，在句中

8、作狀語，通常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。When you get off the bus, you mustnt push others. (時間狀語從句) 主句My mother will come if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 主句 ( 條件狀語從句)第十一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.由when, while , before, after, until, as soon as not .until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句) 1)_, you mustnt push others. 當(dāng)你下車時 2) They had already had breakfast _

9、在他們上學(xué)之前When you get off the bus before they went to schoolThey talked about the party _ 在人們離開后 after the people left. 4) I will wait _. 直到他來為止until he comes第十二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 Note: 在時間狀語從句中，主句和從句之間的時態(tài)應(yīng)按下列 規(guī)律確定。1) 主句一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時：e.g. The boy will be a writer when he grows up.2) 主句含有情態(tài)動詞，從句用一般

10、現(xiàn)在時：e.g. When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.3) 主句為祈使句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時：e.g. Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4) 主句為一般過去時，從句也用過去時態(tài)：e.g. I liked reading when I was young.第十三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. (地點狀語從句) 1) Introduced by where e.g. Put the medicine where you can easily get

11、it. 2) Introduced by wherever e.g. Ill go wherever you go.第十四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. (原因狀語從句) 1) Introduced by becausebecause語氣最強，它著重說明原因。用why提問的問句必須用because回答，不能用as, since； e.g.-Why didnt he come? -Because he was ill. 2) Introduced by sincesince語氣比較弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，尤其用于對已經(jīng)清楚了的因素，常譯成“既然”，“鑒于”，通常從句放在主句前；

12、 e.g. Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a chance.第十五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 3) Introduced by as as語氣最弱，只表示一般的因果關(guān)系，從句放在主句前或后均可；e.g. As he didnt know the meaning of the word, he looked it up in his dictionary. Note: for是并列連詞，引導(dǎo)的句子不置于句首，是一種非直接的、隨便附加說明的理由或推斷。e.g. Th

13、e oil must be out, for the light went out. 第十六張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. (條件狀語從句)1) 條件狀語從句通常由if或unless(=if not)引導(dǎo)，從句中常用一般時代替將來時，即if或unless后的句子謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時。但是，主句則通常用將來時，情態(tài)動詞或祈使句。 e.g. If he doesnt come on time, we wont know what to know. He must come if he is told. Please let me know if he comes back.

14、 Ill go there unless it rains.第十七張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. (結(jié)果狀語從句) 1) Introduced by so thatThere are big trees around the house so that it can hardly be seen by passers-by. 2) Introduced by sothat/suchthatHe walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him. He made such a good report that everybody was

15、 pleased.第十八張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 6. 比較狀語從句 1) Introduced by asas/not soas; than This question is not so difficult as I thought. The film is much better than we expected. 2) Introduced by The more, the more The more he heard the song, the less he liked it.第十九張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月. The Attributive Cl

16、ause (定語從句) 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后，對其先行詞起限定作用。 This is Tom. Tom gave us a talk yesterday. -This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday. 先行詞 定語從句 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有：where, when, why第二十張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一 、who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的

17、定語從句 1. who 在從句中作主語，不可省略，它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人。e.g. This is the doctor who saved her yesterday.2. whom在從句中作賓語，它所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞必須是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.第二十一張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 3. whose在從句中作定語，表示所屬關(guān)系，其所修飾的先行詞既可是人也可是物。e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a do

18、ctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south.第二十二張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 二、that, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句它們所引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞是物,通常情況下，它們可以互換。1. that, which在從句中作主語，不可省略。 e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2. that, which在從句中作賓語，可以省略。 e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about

19、 last week?注意：關(guān)系代詞在作介詞賓語時，只能用which且不能省略。 e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.第二十三張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月知識拓展：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that和which，在一般情況下，盡管可以互換使用，但在下列情況下，只能用that，而不用which： 1. 先行詞是復(fù)合不定代詞everything, anything, nothing等時。 e.g. Sh

20、e didnt forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.2. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或the last修飾時。e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school. / He is in the last row that is next to the window.3. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。e.g. That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.第二十四張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作

21、于2022年6月4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same等修飾時。e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow. 5. 先行詞是或被all, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時， e.g. Ive written down all (that )the teacher doesnt allow us to do. They havent got any dictionaries (that) we need. 6. 先行詞既包含人又包含物時。e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.第二十五張，PPT共二十九頁，創(chuàng)作于202