喬治戈登拜倫解讀

1、喬治戈登拜倫解讀 Byron was born into an aristocratic family of doubtful reputation. His father died of drink and debauchery(墮落) when Byron was 3, and when he was 10 his great-uncle - the wicked Lord Byron - also died. Byron inherited the title, a vast house called Newstead Abbey, and estates already mortgag

2、ed or in decay. 拜倫出生于一個(gè)名聲有些問(wèn)題的貴族家庭。他三歲時(shí)，父親死于飲酒過(guò)度和生活腐化。他十歲時(shí)，他的叔祖即“邪惡的拜倫勛爵也去世了。拜倫繼承了爵位，繼承了稱(chēng)為“紐斯臺(tái)德寺院的大宅邸和已經(jīng)抵押出去的或已趨于衰敗的產(chǎn)業(yè)。 His father was English, but his mother was of the Scottish origin. She was poor but noble, her name was Catherine Gordon(凱瑟琳戈登). Byrons motherByrons father He was born with a malfo

3、rmed foot - a disability which tortured him with self-consciousness in his youth.While an undergraduate he published his first book of poems. Hours of Idleness. The adverse criticism it deservedly got stung Byron not to despair but to revenge, and he replied with a satire in the manner of Pope calle

4、d English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. 拜倫生下時(shí)，一只腳就帶有殘疾這使他在年輕時(shí)候極為敏感，由此給他帶來(lái)莫大的痛苦。他在大學(xué)讀書(shū)時(shí)，就出版了第一本詩(shī)集?閑散的時(shí)光?。這本詩(shī)集受到的應(yīng)有的非難刺痛了拜倫的心，他沒(méi)有絕望，而是想報(bào)復(fù)，他以蒲柏的風(fēng)格寫(xiě)了一篇名為?英格蘭詩(shī)人和蘇格蘭評(píng)論家?的挖苦詩(shī)作為答復(fù)。Byrons shool-Cambridge UniversityWhen he was 23 his mother died, and he came home, an extremely handsome young man, to install him

5、self boisterously at Newstead Abbey.當(dāng)他二十三歲時(shí)，他的母親去世了。他成為一個(gè)非常漂亮的青年，回到了家里，興高采烈地在紐斯臺(tái)德寺院安排了下來(lái)。1812年2月20日?恰爾德哈羅德?第一、二章出版了，全城為之轟動(dòng)。拜倫在一夜之間成了名。從此以后，他寫(xiě)得再快也應(yīng)接不暇。在這以后的四年期間，他寫(xiě)了一系列浪漫詩(shī)篇，其中最好的有?海盜?和?阿比多斯的新娘?。據(jù)說(shuō)，?海盜?一天就銷(xiāo)售了一萬(wàn)四千冊(cè)。拜倫對(duì)于女性總是容易動(dòng)感情，而且對(duì)婦女具有吸引力。三年里他出夠了風(fēng)頭，然后，莫名其妙地和安米爾班克結(jié)了婚，她是一個(gè)冷漠的、嚴(yán)肅的、有理智的婦女，對(duì)于他根本不適宜，只是有很多錢(qián)。她

6、給他生了一個(gè)女兒，不到一年就離開(kāi)了他。整個(gè)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而對(duì)他采取敵對(duì)態(tài)度，對(duì)他進(jìn)展惡意的誹謗和誣蔑，其過(guò)分的程度就如當(dāng)初對(duì)他進(jìn)展贊美和吹捧那樣。拜倫不愿繼續(xù)忍受這種侮辱，他離開(kāi)了英國(guó)，一去不復(fù)返。以后幾年他主要是在威尼斯度過(guò)的，在那兒他馴養(yǎng)了一群珍奇動(dòng)物，也搞了不少風(fēng)流韻事。他有杰作?唐璜?是在意大利寫(xiě)的。這篇光輝的，刻薄的，但很松散的挖苦敘事詩(shī)是以一種通俗的口語(yǔ)體寫(xiě)的，這種體裁是他掌握技巧的成果。.像許多詩(shī)人一樣，拜倫在本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)活動(dòng)家。他熱愛(ài)自由這個(gè)理想，他以旺盛的精力投身于希臘為擺脫土耳其統(tǒng)治而進(jìn)展的獨(dú)立斗爭(zhēng)中。1823年，他離開(kāi)意大利前往希臘，但是第二年，他由于熱心獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)而勞累過(guò)度，染上

7、了風(fēng)濕病，終于在梅索朗吉昂去世，成為希臘人所悼念的一位民族英雄。 This is Missolonghi梅索朗吉昂where he died. Byron is one of the most influential poets of his time He was one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism. His literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressive movements of his age.His po

8、ems show energy and vigour, romantic daring and powerful passion.Some of his poems show Byrons individual heroism and pessimism.influence歌德：十九世紀(jì)最偉大的天才普希金：思想界的君主魯迅先生曾坦然成認(rèn)：他自己早期對(duì)被壓迫民族和人民“哀其不幸，怒其不爭(zhēng)的思想，和“不克厥敵，戰(zhàn)那么不止的精神，都是從拜倫那里學(xué)來(lái)的。蘇曼殊：“善哉拜倫！以詩(shī)人去國(guó)之憂，寄之吟詠，謀人家國(guó)，功成不居，雖與日月?tīng)?zhēng)光可也。魯迅先生曾坦然成認(rèn)：他自己早期對(duì)被壓迫民族和人民“哀其不幸，怒其不

9、爭(zhēng)的思想，和“不克厥敵，戰(zhàn)那么不止的精神，都是從拜倫那里學(xué)來(lái)的。蘇曼殊：“善哉拜倫！以詩(shī)人去國(guó)之憂，寄之吟詠，謀人家國(guó)，功成不居，雖與日月?tīng)?zhēng)光可也。拜倫女性觀拜倫曾公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)：“同拿破侖一樣我是輕蔑女性的。這不是我突然產(chǎn)生的想法，而是我長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)歷的結(jié)論。童年精神創(chuàng)傷對(duì)拜倫人格的影響父親：風(fēng)流浪子、揮霍無(wú)度、毫無(wú)責(zé)任感。母親：可憐神經(jīng)質(zhì) ，喜怒無(wú)常。保姆：行為放縱、嚴(yán)酷無(wú)情。初戀女友:嘲笑、傷害。拜倫九歲左右愛(ài)上了鄰家瑪麗瑞特，單相思，傷害“你以為我會(huì)喜歡那個(gè)瘸子嗎？使自尊的拜倫痛苦到了極致。母親、保姆、瑪麗瑞特這幾個(gè)女人對(duì)拜倫的共同影響是造成了拜倫成年后對(duì)女性的矛盾心態(tài)成年之后個(gè)人遭遇造成的的精神

10、創(chuàng)傷婚姻的不幸。婚后一年，妻子帶著剛滿(mǎn)月的女兒就離開(kāi)了他，又在家人的指引下被迫與拜倫簽訂“分居協(xié)議。他的狂放不羈、情欲泛濫、花天酒地及與姐姐關(guān)系所謂的非同尋常。 他說(shuō)：“依我愚見(jiàn)，愛(ài)情毫無(wú)意義，它只不過(guò)是恭維、夢(mèng)想、欺騙的大雜燴。如果我有50個(gè)情人，我就會(huì)在兩個(gè)星期內(nèi)把他們統(tǒng)統(tǒng)忘掉。拜倫在戀愛(ài)The Works of Byron 1788-1824Literary WorksHours of Idleness ?閑暇的時(shí)光?(1806) English Bards and Scotch Reviewers ?英國(guó)詩(shī)人和蘇格蘭評(píng)論家?(1809) Childe Harolds Pilgrimag

11、e?恰爾德 哈羅爾德游記? ?(1818)When We Two Parted?昔日依依別?(1813)Oriental Tales “東方敘事詩(shī)She Walks in Beauty (1815)?她走在美麗的榮耀里?Hebrew melodies (1815?希伯來(lái)歌曲?Manfred (1817)?曼弗雷德?Cain (1821) ?該隱?The Vision of Judgement (1821)?審判的幻境?The Age of Bronze ?青銅時(shí)代?(1823) Don Juan ?唐璜?(18191824; incomplete on Byrons death in 1824

12、) Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 1812-1818) A lengthy narrative poemThe poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who, disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands; The work provided the first example of the Byronic ment：作品通過(guò)描寫(xiě)他的愛(ài)情故

13、事和英雄業(yè)績(jī)，勾勒了一幅全景式的19世紀(jì)歐洲社會(huì)生活畫(huà)卷，劇烈地抨擊了各國(guó)反動(dòng)勢(shì)力，無(wú)情地譏諷種種社會(huì)弊端，熱情贊頌了為自由而斗爭(zhēng)的英雄氣魄。 Spenserian stanzas9-line stanza rhymedAbabbcbccautobiography based upon Byrons travelsthe concept of the Byronic hero philosophical and political views long poem with 4 cantosChilde Harolds Pilgrimageeight iambic pentameter line

14、s followed by one alexandrine (a twelve syllable iambic line) Childe Harolds PilgrimageOnce more upon the waters! yet once more!And the waves bound beneath me as a steedThat knows his rider. Welcome to their roar!Swift be their guidance, wheresoeer it lead!Though the strained mast should quiver as a

15、 reed,And the rent canvas fluttering strew the gale,Still must I on; for I am as a weed,Flung from the rock, on Oceans foam, to sailWhereer the surge may sweep, the tempests breath prevail. 又到了海上！又一次以海為家！我歡送你，歡送你，吼叫的波浪！我身下的洶涌的海潮象識(shí)主的駿馬；快把我送走，不管送往什么地方，雖然那緊張的桅桿要象蘆葦般搖晃，雖然破裂的帆篷會(huì)在大風(fēng)中亂飄，然而我還是不得不流浪去他鄉(xiāng)，因?yàn)槲蚁髲?/p>

16、巖石上掉下的一棵草，將在海洋上漂泊，不管風(fēng)暴多兇，浪頭多么高。 Byronic hero fiery passions; unbending willideal of freedomagainst tyranny and injusticelone fighters, individualistic ends“Oriental Tales“東方敘事詩(shī)The Giaour ?異教徒?The Bride of Abydos ?阿比多斯的新娘?Lara ?萊拉?The Corsair ?海盜? Parisina ?帕日西納?The Siege of Corinth ?攻克考日斯?Don Juan ?

17、唐璜?It was written in Italy during the years from 1818 to 1823.It has 16,000 lines in 16 cantos and witten in ottava rima 八行體.Each stanza contains 8 iambic pentameter lines.The rhyme scheme is abababcc八行體：每行10或11個(gè)音節(jié)，前6行交替押韻，后2行成一組同腳韻And where are they? and where art thou, My country? On thy voiceless

18、 shore The heroic lay is tuneless now The heroic bosom beats no more! And must thy lyre, so long divine,Degenerate into hands like mine?T is something, in the dearth of fame,Though linkd among a fetterd race, To feel at least a patriots shame, Even as I sing, suffuse my face; For what is left the po

19、et here? For Greeks a blush - for Greece a tear. 他們而今安在，還有你呢？我的祖國(guó)？在無(wú)聲的大地上 那英雄的頌歌如今已寂靜那英雄的心也不再激蕩難道你一向莊嚴(yán)的豎琴竟至淪落到我的手里談弄也好，置身于奴隸民族里盡管榮譽(yù)都已在淪喪中 但，至少一個(gè)愛(ài)國(guó)志士的憂思猶使我在做歌時(shí)感到臉紅 詩(shī)人在這里有什么能為？為希臘人含羞，對(duì)希臘國(guó)落淚 The Plot of Don JuanChildhood Love affairSent aboardFall in love with HaideeSold as a slaveConstantinopleCapital of TurkeyEmpress CatherineTo England on a political missionGreek islandtake part in the French Revolutiondie fighting againstt