2023版高三英語主題語境復習方案新教案：第2部分 主題群2 子主題4　體育活動、(大型)體育賽事、體育與健康、體育精神

1、 子主題(四)體育活動、(大型)體育賽事、體育與健康、體育精神閱讀理解A(2021全國乙卷A)The Biggest Stadiums in the WorldPeople have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 AD., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.Romes Colo

2、sseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50，000 people.However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250，000 people.These days, safety regulationsnot to mention the modern sports fans desire for a good view and a comfortable seattend to ke

3、ep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well

4、 as updated information from official stadium websites.All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang，D.P.R.Korea.Capacity：150，000.Opened：May 1，1989.Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US.Capacity：107，

5、601.Opened：October 1, 1927.Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, US.Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17, 1960.Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, US.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7, 1922.Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, US.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.1How many people could the C

6、ircus Maximus hold?A104，944.B107，601.CAbout 150，000.DAbout 250，000.2Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?AMichigan Stadium.BBeaver Stadium.COhio Stadium.DKyle Field.3What do the listed stadiums have in common?AThey host big games.BThey have become tourist attractions.CThey were built by Am

7、ericans.DThey are favored by architects.【語篇解讀】文章主要介紹了當今世界上最大的幾座體育場。1D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“However，that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus，which accommodated around 250，000 people.”可知，Circus Maximus能容納大約25萬人。2C細節(jié)理解題。每一家體育場的開放時間：Michigan Stadium1927年，Beaver Stadium1960年，Ohio Stadium1922年

8、，Kyle Field1927年。由此可知，正確答案為C。3A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“All these stadiums are still functional，still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知，這些體育場仍然開放，并且仍然舉辦世界體育界最大型的賽事。故選A。B(2020全國卷C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to

9、 fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straig

10、ht through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接觸) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running,

11、 race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn ab

12、out 1, 000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4

13、 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want

14、to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了競走這項運動的相關情況及其與跑步的不同之處。4Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?AThey must run

15、 long distances.BThey are qualified for the marathon.CThey have to follow special rules.DThey are good at swinging their legs.C推理判斷題。由題干中的關鍵詞conditioned athletes可將解題信息定位至第二段，根據(jù)該段中的“But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain

16、in contact (接觸) with the ground at all times.” 可知，競走運動的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝關節(jié)在腿擺動時的大部分時間里伸直，同時一只腳保持與地面接觸。據(jù)此可知，競走者必須遵循一些特殊的運動規(guī)則，故C項正確。5What advantage does race walking have over running?AIts more popular at the Olympics.BIts less challenging physically.CIts more effective in body building.DIts less likely to ca

17、use knee injuries.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“some of the injuries associated with running，such as runners knee，are uncommon among race walkers” 可知，一些與跑步有關的損傷，如跑步者的膝蓋(受傷)，在競走者中并不常見。據(jù)此可知，競走不太可能導致膝蓋受傷，故D項正確。6What is Dr.Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?AGetting experts opinions.BHaving a medical

18、checkup.CHiring an experienced coach.DDoing regular exercises.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique” 可知，Norberg博士建議任何希望嘗試競走的人或許應該首先咨詢下教練或有經(jīng)驗的競走者，以學習正確的技巧，故A項正確。7Which word best describes the authors atti

19、tude to race walking?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.B觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，作者提到了競走這項運動的好處，同時也指出了它的一些危害，態(tài)度是客觀的，故B項正確。閱讀七選五(2018全國卷 )If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 1 Working out in th

20、e morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 2 Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start. 3 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calo

21、rie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 4 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 5 If you wor

22、k out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the morn

23、ings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410

24、 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up! 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。從工作效率、新陳代謝、睡眠質(zhì)量和飲食習慣四個方面介紹了晨練給人們帶來的好處。1G空后一句及接下來的段落是在講晨練的好處，所以G項“如果你打算經(jīng)常鍛煉，或者你現(xiàn)在正在鍛煉，那就注意聽”符合語境。2E根據(jù)空處前兩句(你

25、的工作效率提高了；鍛煉會讓你更清醒，并準備好應付一天中擺在你面前的一切)可知，此空應選E項“運動后你可以保持頭腦清醒410個小時”。more awake與E項中的clear照應。3F由此空后的“getting . the whole day”與F項中的“burn calories throughout the day”一致可知，答案為F項“在你運動之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里”。4B此空是本段的中心句，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講了晨練對睡眠的益處，所以選B項“你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高了”?？蘸笠痪渲械摹皊lept better”是關鍵信息。5A根據(jù)本段中的“healthy food”和“junk f

26、ood”與選項A中的diet有關可知，此空應選A項“你會堅持你的飲食(習慣)”。1conditioned adj. 符合條件的2straight adj. 直的3physically adv. 身體地4approximately adv. 大約；大概5considerable adv. 相當大地6swing v. 擺動7skeptical adj. 懷疑的8objective adj. 客觀的9conservative adj. 保守的10productivity n. 生產(chǎn)力11energize v. 使充滿活力12circus n露天圓形競技場13slightly adv.略微，稍微14p

27、ermanent adj.永久的，長久的15functional adj.工作的；功能的1event n. 賽事；比賽2weight n. 重量3consult v. 請教4diet n. 飲食5remain v仍然是，保持6accommodate v容納；供給住宿；使適應7rank v排列8state v規(guī)定，公布9praise v. 稱贊10memory n. 記憶；記憶力11host v主辦1calculate v. 計算；推算calculation n. 計算；推算2common adj. 常見的uncommon adj. 稀有的；非凡的3caution v. 警告 n. 告誡；謹慎c

28、autious adj. 小心的；謹慎的4effect n. 效果；作用effective adj. 有效的5tolerate v. 容忍tolerant adj. 寬容的；容忍的6peace n. 和平peaceful adj. 和平的7health n. 健康healthy adj. 健康的8regular adj. 經(jīng)常的；有規(guī)律的regularly adv. 有規(guī)律地9regular adj.有規(guī)律的，定時的，經(jīng)常的n.?？蛂egularly adv.定期地；有規(guī)律地regulate v規(guī)定；調(diào)節(jié)；控制regulation n規(guī)則，法規(guī)10attract v吸引，引起的興趣attrac

29、tive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人1as a result 結(jié)果2work out 鍛煉；健身3prefer healthy food to fast food 喜歡健康食品而不喜歡快餐4pour into 涌向，涌入5compared with 與作比較6not to mention 更不用提7tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往會做某事即時演練單句語法填空1Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy(health), wealthy and wise.2As f

30、or me, I prefer traveling by train to traveling by plane.3The building is regularly (regular)inspected by the firesafety officers.4Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping.5His book was praised(praise) to the skies by all his friends, but I did not like it at all.6He is

31、a very cautious(caution) man; he always thinks very carefully before he makes a decision. 7Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.8They tend to buy (buy)more than what they really need by paying online.9We are willing to work with you

32、to bring about a hopeful opening towards a peaceful(peace) settlement.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. 沉重地走2Your metabolism gets a head start.領先；占優(yōu)3People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.不斷涌向/

33、涌進4In around 80 AD., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the worlds best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.對有影響5All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.比賽項目，體育比賽.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1Working out in the mo

34、rning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.譯文晨練除了對身體健康有益之外，還能給我們提供額外的好處。2Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.譯文鍛煉會讓你更加神清氣爽，更好地應對一天當中發(fā)生的任何事情。3However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated

35、 around 250，000 people.譯文然而與這座城市的能空納250 000左右的人的大賽馬場比就顯得無足輕重了。.復雜晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.分析本句是一個主從復合句。however前面的部分是says

36、的賓語從句，使用了強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)的this strange form是賓語從句的主語，an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass是Jaclyn Norberg的同位語。譯文不過，馬薩諸塞州塞勒姆州立大學運動科學助理教授賈克琳諾伯格說，正是這種奇特的形式使得競走運動成為一項如此有魅力的運動。2According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would bu

37、rn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour.分析本句是一個主從復合句。句子的主句是race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour；moving at a pace of six miles

38、 per hour是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語修飾race walkers；which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking是非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞800 calories；although fewer than running是although讓步狀語從句的省略，其后是which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞running。譯文根據(jù)大多數(shù)的計算結(jié)果，以時速6英里競走的運動員，每小時會消耗大約800卡路里，這一數(shù)據(jù)雖然比跑步消耗的卡路里少，但卻大約是步行時所消耗的卡路里的兩倍，跑步每小時大約消耗1 000卡路里或更

39、多。3According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.分析本句是一個并列復合句。while連接兩個并列分句，while后面的分句中who do not leave the ground為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞ra

40、ce walkers。譯文根據(jù)她的研究，奔跑者每一步都是用他們體重4倍的重量沖擊地面，而競走運動員，由于并沒有離開地面，每走一步產(chǎn)生的重量大約只有他們體重的1.4倍。4For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.分析本

41、句是一個復合句。主句是we have used data，supplied by the World Atlas list so far是過去分詞作后置定語修飾data, 定語從句which ranks them.修飾先行詞list。譯文對于世界上最大的體育場，我們使用了迄今為止世界地圖集列表提供的數(shù)據(jù)，該列表根據(jù)它們所公布的固定容量進行排名，以及來自體育場官方網(wǎng)站的最新信息。1demand n. & v. 要求；需要；需求(1)in (great) demand 有(很大)需求；廣受歡迎meet/satisfy ones demand(s) 滿足某人的需求(2)demand sth. of/

42、from sb. 要求某人某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事(3)demanding adj. 苛求的；費力的demand to know the truth 要求了解真相try our best to satisfy the customers demand(s) 我們盡力滿足顧客的需求名師點津demand之后直接跟不定式，不能說demand sb. to do sth.。類似用法的動詞還有：hope, refuse, agree等?；A練習單句語法填空The teacher came to th

43、e classroom and demanded to be told(tell) what was going on just now. This is a demanding(demand) job and a small mistake can make a great difference.The students demanded that the library (should) be(be) open at weekends.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達：Mo Yans novels are needed greatly in this city since he won the N

44、obel Prize for literature.高級表達：Mo Yans novels are in great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for literature.(demand n. )2attitude n態(tài)度；看法；姿態(tài)attitude to/towards . 對的態(tài)度/看法have/hold a positive/negative attitude to/towards . 對持肯定/否定的態(tài)度in a(n) . attitude 以的姿勢have a positive attitude towards

45、 life 對生活持肯定態(tài)度take an optimistic attitude 采取一種樂觀的態(tài)度in an easy attitude 舒適地基礎練習單句語法填空The directors attitude towards/to this program will decide what we should do next.He sat in an attitude which to anyone would have been one of extreme discomfort. What is your attitude towards/to senior high students

46、 taking up a parttime job?能力提升完成句子我個人認為，他對他人和生活持這樣的態(tài)度是完全錯誤的。Personally, it is completely wrong of him to be with such an attitude towards/to others and life3fit adj. 健康的；強健的；適合的；能勝任的 v適合；使(衣服)合身；使適應；使勝任 n適合；合身(1)keep/stay fit 保持健康be fit for 適合；勝任be fit (for sb.) to do 適合(某人)做(2)fit in (with) (與)相適應；

47、(與)相協(xié)調(diào)/符合fit on 試穿(3)fitness n. 健康(狀況)；適合；勝任develop the sense of keeping fit 增強健身意識fit in with our plans 適合我們的計劃have difficulty fitting in very soon 很難在短期內(nèi)適應名師點津suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位、場合、顏色、款式等；match多指色彩、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配；fit多指大小、形狀的合適?；A練習單句語法填空Its just an informal party, so its not fit for you to dress(

48、dress) like that.It is generally agreed that cycling contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness(fit)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to fit in, so she had to leave.能力提升完成句子我妹妹非常喜歡孩子，因此她非常適合幼兒園教師的工作。My sister loves children very much, so she is quite fit for the job as a kindergarten t

49、eacher.4stick v粘?。豢ㄗ?n. 手杖；棍棒(1)stick to 堅持；信守stick at 堅持不懈stick around 逗留stick out 伸出；突出(2)be/get stuck in被困在 be stuck with 被纏住無法擺脫stick to your dream of being admitted to a key university 堅持你上重點大學的夢想begin sticking around to chat 開始留下來聊天be stuck in the traffic jam 陷入交通堵塞基礎練習單句語法填空I hated practising

50、 playing the piano, but I stuck to it and now I can play pretty well.I could see one end of the letter sticking out of Johns pocket.Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I am stuck with it.能力提升一句多譯消防隊員設法救出來一個被困在大火中的女孩。The firefighters managed to save a girl who/that was stuck in the big f

51、ire(定語從句)The firefighters managed to save a girl stuck in the big fire(分詞短語作定語)聯(lián)想發(fā)散表示“被困在”的短語還有：be/get caught in; be/get trapped in; be/get locked in; be/get blocked in等。5favour n恩惠；善意的行為；支持，贊成v.支持，贊成；偏愛；有利于(1)ask sb.a favour/ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙do a favour for sb./do sb.a favour給某人以恩惠；幫助某人in on

52、es favour有利于某人in favour of 支持，贊同；有利于(2)favourable adj.贊同的；有利的favourite adj.特別喜愛的n特別喜愛的東西strongly favour the reform of the election system 強烈支持對選舉制度進行改革favour those who have made full preparations 偏愛那些做好充分準備的人be in favour of the new teaching method 贊同這種新的教學方法基礎練習單句語法填空Im sure it is a good chance to p

53、erform your favourite (favour) music.Favourable (favour) policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.This situation will play out in my favour.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達：Id appreciate it if you could help me.高級表達：Id appreciate it if you could do me a favour/do a favour for me普通表達：All th

54、e people present at the meeting agree to the plan.高級表達：All the people present at the meeting are in favour of the plan.6trap v. 儲存；留存；設陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；圈套；詭計；埋伏(1)be/get trapped in 被困在trap o (doing) sth. 誘騙某人(做)某事(2)fall into/be caught in a trap 掉進陷阱；落入圈套set/lay a trap for 為設圈套be trapped in th

55、e burning house 被困在著火的房子里be trapped into accepting the terms of the contract 被誘騙接受這份合同的條款walk into the trap laid for him 走進為他設的陷阱基礎練習單句語法填空Trapped(trap) in the thick snow, the truck couldnt move a bit.The shopkeeper trapped me into buying(buy) their poor quality milk.The relief team tried their best

56、 to rescue those miners trapped(trap) under the mine.能力提升一句多譯因為被困在了電梯里，他上學遲到了。Because he was trapped in the lift, he was late for school.(狀語從句)Trapped in the lift, he was late for school.(分詞短語作狀語)1According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 80

57、0 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking .根據(jù)大多數(shù)計算，以每小時六英里的速度移動的競走者每小時會消耗大約800卡路里，這大約是他們走路燃燒的兩倍句型公式twice as many as是倍數(shù)表達法，意為“是的兩倍”。常見的倍數(shù)句型：(1).倍數(shù)asadj./adv.的原級as .(2).倍數(shù)adj./adv.的比較級than .(3).倍數(shù)the性質(zhì)名詞(size/length/width/height/depth .) of .名師點津表示“兩倍”時用

58、twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞times”表達。句子中表示倍數(shù)也可以用分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、half等其他程度狀語?；A練習單句語法填空The research shows that indoor air pollution is ten times greater(great) than outdoor pollution.This hill is four times the height of that small one.Its said that the power plant is now twice larger(large) than what it was bef

59、ore.能力提升一句多譯我的農(nóng)場已經(jīng)擴展成了一個大農(nóng)場，是原來的3倍大。My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times as big as the previous one.(同級比較)My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times bigger than the previous one.(比較級)My farm has expanded into a big one, which is three times the size of the previou

60、s one.(the名詞of)2Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each；gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.即使是足球迷也有座位；成千上萬的人站著觀看比賽的日子一去不復返了。句型公式gone are the days of. 是表語前置的倒裝句。表語前置的幾種形式：(1)形容詞作表語前置(2)分詞作表語前置(3)介詞短語作表語前置(4)as/though引導的讓步倒裝句n/ adj. as/though 主語系動詞(5)so/ such位于句首的倒裝句So adj.系動