Walter Tibbetts美國仔豬斷奶前后營養(yǎng)配方理念

1、美國仔豬斷奶前后營養(yǎng)配方理念Pre-wean and Post-wean Piglet Nutrition in the U.S.G. Walter Tibbetts, PhDCape Fear 顧問有限責(zé)任公司 Cape Fear Consulting, LLCCape Fear Consulting, LLCCape Fear 顧問有限責(zé)任公司 Cape Fear Consulting, LLC(CFC)創(chuàng)立于1996年1月1日Started January 1, 1996美國第一家提供動物營養(yǎng)服務(wù)的“獨(dú)立”顧問公司First major “independent” nutritional

2、 services company in the U.S.Cape Fear Consulting, LLCCape Fear Consulting, LLCCape Fear Consulting, LLC營養(yǎng)支持 Nutritional Support生產(chǎn)分析ProductionAnalysis創(chuàng)新研發(fā)ResearchInnovation 目標(biāo) The GoalCape Fear Consulting, LLC母豬泌乳階段對乳汁生產(chǎn)的影響Sow Milk Production by Stage of LactationCape Fear Consulting, LLC表一 母豬泌乳階段乳汁

3、生產(chǎn)（公斤/天），干物質(zhì)（克/公斤），蛋白（克/公斤）和能量（兆卡/公斤）濃度的影響 泌乳日齡對乳中氨基酸組成的影響Amino Acid Composition of Sow Milk by Day of LactationCape Fear Consulting, LLC表二 泌乳階段對乳中氨基酸組成（克/100克）的影響母豬初乳和常乳中的核苷酸Nucleotides in Sow Colostrum and MilkCape Fear Consulting, LLC表三 泌乳不同階段的母豬初乳和常乳中總固體粗蛋白（ N 6.38 ）和5-單磷酸核苷酸的濃度母豬乳中的氨基酸組成Amino A

4、cid Composition of Sows MilkCape Fear Consulting, LLC表四 母豬乳汁和酶解酪蛋白基礎(chǔ)日糧中的氨基酸組成母豬乳汁中氨基酸的消化率Digestibility of Amino Acids in Sows MilkCape Fear Consulting, LLC圖五 母豬乳汁中真可消化必需氨基酸的含量和比例（占賴氨酸的比例%） 問題：斷奶后生長遲緩 The Problem: Post-Weaning Lag斷奶前，18-20日齡-日增重400g Pre-weaning, age 18-20 - 400 g ADG斷奶后，21-24日齡，日增重10

5、0g Post-weaning, age 21-24 100 g ADG仔豬斷奶后幾乎要等3周其日增重才能達(dá)到400g Nearly 3 weeks before pigs achieve 400 g ADGCape Fear Consulting, LLC蛋白質(zhì)和氨基酸 Proteins and Amino AcidsCape Fear Consulting, LLC典型賴氨酸建議水平 Typical Lysine Recommendations 體重，kg 可利用賴氨酸 Pig weight, kg Available lysine NRC (SID)2-5 -5-7 1.507-11 1

6、.3511-25 1.23 Cape Fear Consulting, LLCSID = 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回腸可消化仔豬主要氨基酸比例 Nursery Key Amino Acid Ratios NRC CFC 對賴氨酸比例 建議比例 Ratio to lysine Suggested range % %Met + Cys（蛋+胱）55 55-62Threonine（蘇）58.5 58-65Tryptophan（色）16 15-22Valine（纈）63 63-70Isoleucine（異亮）51 52-60Leucine（亮） 100 Cape Fear Consulting, LLC氨基酸組成示例Ex

7、ample Amino Acid Profiles氨基酸組成Amino acid profile血漿plasma 78魚粉fish meal 61豆粕soybean meal 47新普樂Nupro 45玉米corn 8總 totalSID總totalSID總totalSID總totalSID總totalSID% of lys% of lys% of lys% of lys% of lys賴氨酸 lysine6.806.464.884.562.852.473.392.710.240.19蛋氨酸methionine0.700.6610.21.761.6536.20.620.5622.70.700.

8、5620.70.180.1687.2蛋+胱met+cys3.503.2049.52.332.1346.71.321.1546.61.381.1040.60.340.29155.3蘇氨酸t(yī)hreonine4.804.4268.42.522.5255.31.781.4859.92.211.7062.70.280.23122.3色氨酸t(yī)ryptophan1.401.3721.20.700.6614.50.620.5522.30.430.3412.70.060.0525.5異亮氨酸isoleucine2.902.7041.82.842.6457.92.041.8775.72.051.6460.50.2

9、60.23124.5亮氨酸leucine7.807.33113.54.754.4497.43.462.97120.23.302.6497.41.020.95505.3纈氨酸valine5.304.9877.13.323.0566.92.151.8976.52.782.2282.10.360.31162.8半胱氨酸cystine2.802.5539.50.570.5712.50.690.5923.90.680.5420.10.160.1370.7Cape Fear Consulting, LLC影響氨基酸需要量的因素 Factors Affecting Amino Acid Requiremen

10、ts日齡 Age健康 Health均勻度 Uniformity管理 Management生產(chǎn)目的 Desired outcome Cape Fear Consulting, LLC常用仔豬日糧蛋白原料 Common Nursery Protein Ingredients美國的典型原料 Typical products in the U.S.乳蛋白 Milk proteins魚粉 Fish meal血液制品（血漿和紅血球） Blood products (plasma and red blood cells)大豆產(chǎn)品 Soybean productsDDGS品質(zhì)的重要性 Importance o

11、f quality斷奶后原料的用量變化 Ingredient progression from weaning限制/約束 Restrictions/limitations Cape Fear Consulting, LLC其它的蛋白源 Additional Protein Sources精制大豆產(chǎn)品 Refined soy products高蛋白豆粕 Increased soybean meal合成氨基酸 Synthetic amino acids玉米蛋白粉 Corn Gluten Meal 60%雞肉產(chǎn)品 Poultry products 水解腸膜蛋白 Pork intestines hyd

12、rolyzed Cape Fear Consulting, LLC用于制作混合蛋白粉的原料 Ingredients used to make Protein Blends特殊的混合蛋白粉可能包括 Special blends may include:肉骨粉 Meat and bone products雞肉粉 Poultry products血液制品 Blood products雞蛋制品 Egg products奶酪 Cheese亞麻粕 Flax meal合成氨基酸 Synthetic amino acidsCape Fear Consulting, LLC血漿的功能特性 Functional

13、Properties of Plasma幫助保護(hù)仔豬不受微生物侵害（抗體） Helps protect nursery pigs against bacterial challenges (antibodies)刺激早期飼料采食 Stimulates early feed intake促進(jìn)早期增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化 Contributes to early gain and feed conversionCape Fear Consulting, LLC飼喂不同水平噴霧干燥血漿蛋白粉的仔豬生產(chǎn)性能（試驗(yàn)1）a Performance of pigs fed various levels of spra

14、y-dried porcine plasma (Exp. 1)a 噴霧干燥血漿蛋白粉 Spray-dried porcine plasma, %項(xiàng)目 Item0246810 CVDays 0 to 14 ADG, g b 165 206 217 240 247 255 13.64 ADFI, g bc 206 244 256 290 302 300 9.64 G/F 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.82 0.81 0.84 7.85Days 14 to 28 ADG, g d 428 453 407 430 406 408 6.81 ADFI, g 624 668 612 653 617 6

15、23 5.77 G/F 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 6.23_ a總共534頭 斷奶仔豬 （初始體重6.4kg，21日齡），14或15頭豬/欄，每個(gè)處理組6個(gè)重復(fù) A total of 534 weanling pigs was used (initially 6.4 kg and 21 d of age), 14 or 15 pigs/pen with 6 pigs/treatment.b噴霧干燥血清蛋白粉具有線性效應(yīng) Linear effect of spray-dried porcine plasma (P .01).c噴霧干燥血漿蛋白粉具有二次效應(yīng) Qu

16、adratic effect of spray-dried porcine plasma (P .04).d噴霧干燥血清蛋白粉具有線性效應(yīng) Linear effect of spray-dried porcine plasma (P .03).e噴霧干燥血漿蛋白粉具有二次效應(yīng) Quadratic effect of spray-dried porcine plasma (P .08). Kats et al., 1994. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2075-2081Cape Fear Consulting, LLC碳水化合物CarbohydratesCape Fear Consult

17、ing, LLC碳水化合物營養(yǎng) Carbohydrate Nutrition乳糖對于仔豬從斷奶日糧過渡到谷物為基礎(chǔ)的日糧非常重要 Lactose, or milk sugar, is important for the transition from weaning to grain-based diets可以部分用其它糖代替 May be partially replaced with other sugars隨著斷奶日齡的增加添加量降低 Inclusion rate decreases with age post-weaning通常在10-12公斤體重時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)為谷物為基礎(chǔ)的日糧 Transit

18、ion to grain by 10-12 kg typically谷物對于降低成本和促進(jìn)幼齡動物腸道的酶系統(tǒng)發(fā)育很重要 Cereal grains are important for cost considerations and enzyme development in the young animal玉米 Corn燕麥 Oats小麥 Wheat大麥 Barley大米 Rice制?？梢愿纳乒任锏南?Pelleting can improve digestibility of grains谷物副產(chǎn)品 Cereal byproducts Cape Fear Consulting, LLC

19、典型乳糖建議添加量 Typical Lactose Recommendations 動物體重，kg 乳糖/總糖 Pig weight, kg Lactose/total sugars %3-5 20-28 5-7 18-20 6-10 8-15 8-15 4-8 13-25+ 0 Cape Fear Consulting, LLC乳糖使用考慮因素 Lactose considerations仔豬斷奶前是否給飼教槽或母豬日糧 Whether pigs have access to nursery or sow feed prior to weaning規(guī)?；i場通常在仔豬17-24日齡斷奶 La

20、rge systems typically wean between 17-24 days of age飼喂幼齡仔豬 Feeding the younger pigs當(dāng)豬場實(shí)行17日齡斷奶時(shí)，由于管理原因，也許會有一些仔豬在8-9日齡就斷奶了 With 17-day weaning one expects a certain number of 8-9 day old pigs仔豬日齡越小，飼喂成本越高 Greater expense to the youngest pigs美國大概成本（美元）Approximate U.S. Cost (US $)乳糖 Lactose 1.76/kg乳清粉

21、Whey 1.29/kg無蛋白乳清 Whey permeate (dpw) 0.88/kg脫脂奶粉 Non-fat dried milk 2.87/kg34%乳清濃縮蛋白 2.65/kg 34% whey protein concentrate Cape Fear Consulting, LLC能量 EnergyCape Fear Consulting, LLC脂肪和油脂 Fats and Oils高濃度能量（卡路里）Concentrated energy (calories)長鏈脂肪酸不容易被仔豬斷奶后早期階段利用 Long chain fatty acids not easily utilized early post-weaning精選白色動物油脂 Choice white grease動/植物混合油 A/V blend大豆油 Soy oil短鏈脂肪酸通常比較昂貴 Short chain fatty acids