2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習考點38閱讀理解七選五一考點歸納

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習考點38閱讀理解七選五一考點歸納2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習考點38閱讀理解七選五一考點歸納2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習考點38閱讀理解七選五一考點歸納考點38 閱讀理解七選五(一）高考頻度：閱讀理解七選五要求從短文后的七個選項中(均為完整的句子）選出五個能填入文章空處的最佳選項，主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式深受英語四六級和考研閱讀多項選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了新課標用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語思維的能力。的閱讀學習和教學理念.該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙,只是選項少，以句子

2、形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點不完全相同而已。 從考試說明對該題型命題目的的表述主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握.可以得出以下判斷：該題備選項可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義）三類。其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設(shè)置,例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等.文章體裁以說明文為主，語篇模式較為固定：提出問題-提供解決方案。文章題材較為固定:與學生的日常生活學習緊密相關(guān).【題型分析】 分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關(guān)鍵，英語的語篇(d

3、iscourse)通常是由句子和語段（sentence group）構(gòu)成的,語段是句子和語篇之間的中間層次，句子雖然能夠單獨地表達相對完整的思想，但是它不能表達多方面的、比較復(fù)雜的思想，只有把幾個句子結(jié)合為較大的言語片段，才能表達一個相對獨立的層意,所謂的積句而成章，積章而成篇。就是這個道理。 分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次,也就是段落,另一種是分析每一個段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次. 語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的，語段是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的中間層次，是由句子到篇的一種過渡形式,段落（paragraph）是在某些語體（如記敘文、議論文）中比語段更大的意義單位，較小的段落可以只包括一個語段

4、或一個句子，一般來說，一個段落通常由幾個語段構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成語段的方式有兩種，一是靠句際間意義的結(jié)合，二是靠句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，邏輯性插入語來連接，在分析語段層次時，可以借助句際間的連接詞語作出判斷，但最主要的還是要真正體會句際間的意義關(guān)系，把握作者的思路，從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰,只有層層入手,才能真正理解文章?！窘忸}步驟】解題步驟1在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的，我們可以嘗試以下四步走.先讀文章的開始部分,明確文章的基本話題,然后仔細閱讀五個空各自的前后句尋找并畫出關(guān)鍵詞.【巧學妙記】（一名(名詞）袋（代詞）鼠(數(shù)次）很

5、特殊（特殊疑問詞），連（連詞）蹦（動詞)帶跳很彪（標點/標題）悍。）2.要對文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。可按這幾個原則判斷原文的空與選項是否匹配。3.一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標記(例如可以刪掉），以避免干擾和分散注意力。4.將選項代入到文章中重讀,依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定選項。答題技巧細節(jié)類題型解題技巧（詞匯的銜接或邏輯的銜接）1。詞匯的銜接包括：（1）詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn),是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。（2

6、)同范疇詞出現(xiàn)同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn),達到語義銜接的目的。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。（3）代詞線索英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高,代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。例如it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞;one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子；these 或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。2.邏輯關(guān)系的銜接 過渡性句子可以從細節(jié)邏輯上

7、判斷可分為:A， 并列關(guān)系：First（ly），Second(ly),.。;First， then/next,.。；In the first place， in the second place.。;for one thing, for another thing ,。.。；then /next ,finally/last 等。B, 遞進關(guān)系：too ,also， besides, further ，furthermore ,moreover ，whats more , in addition ，as well , to make matters worse ,not .。but。 ，not

8、only .。but also等.C， 解釋例證關(guān)系:for example ，for instance ，in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ，in other words /that is to say 等D， 因果關(guān)系： so /therefore ，thus ,consequently(結(jié)果） ,as a result (of）， so/ such 。.。that 。.， so that .。等E， 轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系：but， however , yet ，while /though ,or /otherwise ，on the contrary ，

9、instead， nevertheless(然而）, still ，yet, on the contrary ，in contrast / comparison 等F， 概況歸納關(guān)系：in short , in brief ， in summary ,generally speaking ，in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ，on the whole ， to sum up 等。3.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧根據(jù)試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略 1）如果問題在段首 通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其

10、他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。 （2)如果問題在段尾 通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如therefore， as a result， thus， hence， in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句.備考策略:注重實效。閱讀時不僅要注意文章的細節(jié)，更應(yīng)該注意文章的布局。注意命題陷阱。切忌當同樣的詞，同樣的名字或同樣的日期都在語文或節(jié)選段落中出現(xiàn),就認為它們是正確的選項，一定要符合邏輯，確保文章內(nèi)容嚴謹。注重速度.進行限時訓練,培養(yǎng)實戰(zhàn)觀念，不

11、可拖沓。將近幾年高考題進行分析，重點分析結(jié)構(gòu)清晰分明的說明文和議論文。題組一（2020年高考真題）Passage1(2020新課標全國卷 = 1 * ROMAN I）A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves。 But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction。37 Do not fo

12、llow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them？ Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own；you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made。 We are often

13、 ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again。 Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better， why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? That didnt go as planned. But， I tried my best。Recognize all of your s

14、trengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today。 39Now that youve listed your strengths， list your imperfections。 Turn the page i

15、n your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy， why you dont feel good enough。 Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start?CNothing is too small to celebra

16、te.DRemember, you are only human。 E. Set an intention for selfacceptance.F。 Stop comparing yourself with others。G。 When does the comparison game start?Passage3（2020新課標全國卷I = 1 * ROMAN I)Emoji(表情符號) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia， messaging platforms are growing rapidly， with users in the hundred

17、s of millions， both at work and play. 36. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling， keeping intention clear。 37, encouraging better and more frequen

18、t communication。In any given office， employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38。 While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like

19、a learning curve（曲線）。 The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort。There is also the matter of tone（語氣)。 Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ 39。 Emoji can help communication feel friendlier， and even a serious note can be softened with an en

20、couraging smile.40, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture。AMessage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem

21、 cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG。An easy way to bring all work g

22、enerations together is with a chat platformPassage2（2020新課標全國卷II = 1 ROMAN I）A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party。 The party is a chance for friends and fa

23、mily to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools li

24、ke knives and things like curtains。 Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with， like a piece of art or a plant.38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like g

25、ames at a housewarming party。 The host or hostess of the party will， however， probably give all the guests a tour of their new home。 Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home， people may be asked to help unpack boxes。 39Housewarming parties get

26、their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift。 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm。AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to

27、share with the other guests。DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F。 The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together。G。 This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the

28、 winter。題組二（2019年高考真題）Passage1（2019新課標全國卷 = 1 ROMAN I)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Is Fresh Air Really Good for You？We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air?！?_36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area

29、is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with lifegiving，energizing oxygen。 If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉）and your brai

30、n。Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈). _38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery。 It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure，and put people into a better moo

31、d(情緒).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead。 _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin， they also give is beneficial Vit

32、amin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside。 It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D。A. Fresh air cleans our lungs。B。 So what are you

33、waiting for？C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E。 But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？F。 Just as importantly， we tend to associate air with health care。G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building

34、 Healing Gardens。Passage2(2019新課標全國卷 = 1 ROMAN II)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do。 Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same

35、 coin. _36_Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided。_37_ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First， you need to evaluate yourself ， your values your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires ,etc。 Only then should your youre your go

36、alsYou also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. _38_ So， slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment。 Clarity(清晰）of thoughts can help

37、 you move forward。Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths。 Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your pers

38、onal circumstances are equally important. For example， you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough。_40_You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal。You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unpl

39、anned。 You cannot overcome them without ample motivation。 Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals。A。 This can affect your work。B. So how should you motivate yourself?C。 However， this should not discourage you。D。 So why should we try to set specific goals？E. T

40、hey can change according to circumstances。F。 Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G。 Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach itPassage3(2019新課標全國卷 = 1 ROMAN III）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項.In an online class， developing healthy patterns of communication with

41、 professors is very important。 _36_ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise。 Students should be able to extend the logic(邏輯）of each to their particular circumstance.Dos _37_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed。 Before asking q

42、uestions about the course design， read the syllabus（教學大綱）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight。 Participate in discussion forums(論壇）， blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. _38_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant informati

43、on. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same。Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends。 If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor。 _39_ Dont openly ex

44、press annoyance at a professor or class. _40_ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student。 If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability， be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comme

45、nts。A. Thats what they are for.B。 Turn to an online instructor for help.C。 If more information is needed， they will ask。D。 Remember that online professors get a lot of emails。E. Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners。F。 Everyone has taken a not-sogreat class at one time or another.

46、G。 Ask questions, but make sure they are good， thoughtful questions.Passage4(2019北京卷)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals。_46

47、_Companies spend millions hiring top business people。 Is their money well spent？_47_They focused on football,basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top tal

48、ent;above that level， the teams performance begins to decline。 Interestingly，this trend isnt evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance。To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its

49、 members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their actions。_48_In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team per

50、formance when task interdependence is lower。 If a basketball star is。 for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the teams performance。 Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“

51、There is no I in TEAM?！盻49_Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort。 Just as in a game of tugofwar(拔河比賽）,whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force._50_.An Ateam may require a balancenot just A players,but a fe

52、w generous B players as well.A。 Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent。B。 Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talentC。 The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention。D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanshi

53、p.E。 Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world。F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent。G。 This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball。題組三(2018年高考真題)Passage1(2018新課標全國卷 = 1 * ROMAN I)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選

54、出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項.Color is fundamental in home design something youll always have in every room。 A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a

55、place to relax after a long day? 36 ， color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel。Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point。 37 , they can get a little complex。 But good news is that therere really only thr

56、ee kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones. 38 。 Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms。 Less tiring than painting your walls and less e

57、xpensive than buying a colorful sofa， small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable。 Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas， dinner tables or bookshelves。 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more

58、 powerful effect on the feeling of a space。The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint， the time， effort and relative expense put into it are significant。 40 .A。 While all of them are useful B。 Whatever youre looking fo

59、rC。 If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE。 Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones

60、in two major waysPassage2(2018新課標全國卷 = 1 ROMAN II ）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項.If you are already making the time to exercise， it is good indeed！ With such busy lives， it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. _36_ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyon