生物學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

1、BOtany植物學(xué)CeIl theory細(xì)胞學(xué)說(shuō)CeIl membrane 細(xì)胞膜nUCleUS細(xì)胞核OrganeIIe細(xì)胞器CeIl WaIl細(xì)胞壁CytOPlaSm細(xì)胞質(zhì)PrOtOPIaSt原生質(zhì)體CeIl CyCle細(xì)胞周期mitochondrion 線粒體PhOtOSyntheSiS 光合作用Unit membrane 單位膜ChIOrOPlaSt 葉綠體ChIOrOPhyIl 葉綠素XanthOPhyIl 葉黃素CarOtene胡蘿卜素golgiosome髙爾基體ribosome核糖體IySOSOme溶酶體microfilament 微幺纟nUCIear fission 核分裂rep

2、roductiOn 繁殖Primary Wall 初生壁SeCOndary WaIl 次牛舉PIaSmOdeSma胞間連絲mitosis有絲分裂a(bǔ)mitosis無(wú)纟幺分裂meiosis減數(shù)分裂CytOkineSiS胞質(zhì)分裂in terphase 間期PrOPhaSe 前期metaphase 中期anaphase 后期telophase 末期tissue組織PiStiI 雌益Stamen雄蕊OVary子房POllinatiO n 傳粉POIlen tube 花粉管POrOgamy珠孔受精ChaIaZOgamy合點(diǎn)受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis無(wú)融合生殖apogamy無(wú)配子生殖Pat

3、rOgeneSiS孤雄生殖ParthenOgenSiS 孤雌生殖apospory無(wú)抱子生殖PeriCarP 果皮Iife history 生活史root SyStem 根系main root 主根Iateral root 側(cè)根taproot SyStem 直根系fibrous root SyStem 須根系COrteX皮層VaSCUIar CyIinder 維管柱PeriCyCIe中柱鞘Xylem ray木射線VaSCUlar ray維管射線PhlOem ray韌皮射線root CaP 根冠CaSPanan StriP 凱氏帶Primary XyIem初生木質(zhì)部Primary PhIOem初生

4、韌皮部VaSCUIar ray維管射線XyIem ray木射線PheIlOderm 栓內(nèi)層PhlOem ray韌皮射線embryo 胚h(yuǎn)omologous OrganRI源器官analogous Organ 同功器官endosperm 胚乳Seed COat 種皮radicle 胚根PIUmUIe 胚芽hypocotyl下胚軸COtyledOn 子葉dormancy 休眠eukaryote貞核生物 blue-green algae 藍(lán)藻 gelatinous Sheath 膠質(zhì)鞘 green algae 綠藻 anisogamy卵式生殖 diploid 二倍體 brown algae 褐藻 f

5、ungi菌類(lèi)IiChen地衣antiphyte抱子體 bryophyta苔辭植物 aquatic PIant水生植物Seed germination 種子萌發(fā) algae藻類(lèi) mucopolysaccharide 黏多糖 heterosexual CeIl 異性細(xì)胞 anisogamy異配生殖 haploid單倍體 CarPOSPOrOPhyte 抱子體 agar瓊脂 SaPrOPhytiC 腐生的 antheridium 精子器 Protonema原幺幺體 VaSCUIar PIantS 微管植物 angiosperm被子植物 VegetatiVe reproductiOn 營(yíng)養(yǎng)繁殖 Phe

6、IIOgen& COrk CambiUm 木栓形成層 SeXUal PrOPagatiOn 有性繁殖 didynamous Stamen 二強(qiáng)雄烷 diadelphous Stamen 二體雄燉 POlyadeIPhOUS StamenS 多體雄蕊 Primary WaIl CeIlS 初生壁細(xì)胞 male Sterility 雄性不療 meristem Zone 分生區(qū) maturation ZOne 成熟區(qū) SPeCifiC ParaSitiSm &性寄生 facultative ParaSitiSm 兼性寄生 SeXUal generatiOn 有性世代PrOkaryOte原核生物 tr

7、ichogyne受精纟纟 exospore外生抱子 isogamy同配生殖ZygOgamy接合生殖 POIyPlOiCl 多倍體 sea-ta ngle 海帶 ParaSitiSm 寄生 archegonium 頸卵器 gametophyte酉己子彳本 CrUCiferae十字花科 SaIiCaCeae 楊柳科endoplasmic reticulum 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng) intercellular Iayer 胞間層 asexual reproductiOn 無(wú)性繁殖 tetradynamous Stamen 四強(qiáng)雄戲 monodelphous Stamen 單體雄蕊 triadelphous Stam

8、en 三體雄蠻 SynantherOUS Stamen 聚藥雄蕊 VegetatiVe CeIl 營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞 filiform apparatus 幺幺狀器 elongation ZOne 伸長(zhǎng)區(qū) embryophyte有胚植物SPeCifiC SaPrOPhyte 專(zhuān)性腐生 facultative SaPrOPhyte 兼性腐生 asexual gen eration 無(wú)性世代ZOOIOgy動(dòng)物學(xué)CeIl細(xì)胞PrOkaryOtiC Cell 原核細(xì)胞eukaryotic CeII 貞.核細(xì)胞PrOtein蛋白質(zhì)nUCIeiC acid 核酸CarbOhydrate 糖IiPiCI脂質(zhì)PrOtO

9、PIaSm 原生質(zhì)inclusion內(nèi)含物CeIl CyCIe細(xì)胞周期PUlmOnary alveolus 肺泡flagellum 鞭毛food VaCUOIe 食物泡PinOCytOSiS胞飲作用fission裂體生殖microgamete 小配子ZygOte合子microtubule 微管COntraCtiOn SiIk 收縮絲merogenesis 卵裂Ulastocoele 囊胚腔COmPlete CIeaVage 完全卵裂Iayering 分層Cynapse 突觸myoneme 肌線myocyte肌細(xì)胞mesoglea匚P膠層monoecism雌雄同體dioecism雌雄異體VeIU

10、m緣膜radial Symmetry 輻射對(duì)稱(chēng)nerve net神經(jīng)網(wǎng)PlanUIa浮浪幼蟲(chóng)bilateral Symmetry 兩側(cè)對(duì)稱(chēng)mesoderm中胚層tubule CeIl 管細(xì)胞OSmOregUIatiOn 滲透調(diào)節(jié)acetabulum 腹吸盤(pán)Oral SUCker 口吸盤(pán)metacercaria 發(fā)蝴PSeUdOCOel 假體腔CUtiCIe角質(zhì)膜CIOaCal POre 泄殖孔renette腺腎細(xì)emunctory排泄管resting egg 休眠卵metamere 體 jmetamerism分肖現(xiàn)彖SenSe Organ 感覺(jué)器PeriOStraCUm 殼皮層PriSmati

11、C Iayer 殼層nacreous Iayer 珍珠層Veliger而盤(pán)幼蟲(chóng)glochidium鉤介幼蟲(chóng)adductor閉殼肌SegmentatiOn異律分節(jié)Iinear animal線形動(dòng)物PeriCarClial CaVity Wl 心腔CerViCal Vertebra 頸椎SaCral Vertebra 薦椎PUlmOnary Vein 肺靜脈PreCaVal Vein前腔靜脈bladder 氣囊middle ear 中耳tympanum CaVity 中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium 新皮層Iagena瓶狀囊WiShbOne 叉骨POStCaVal Vein 后腔靜脈gl

12、andular StOmaCh 腺胃air SaC氣囊SaIt gland 鹽腺SCIerOtiC ring 鞏膜骨ViViParity 胎生PlaCenta 胎盤(pán)allantois 尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa Of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory StOmaCh 肌訂reticulum 網(wǎng)胃OmaSUm瓣胃 earthworm 蚯蚓 arthropod Yj肢動(dòng)物abomasum 皺胃internal naris 內(nèi)鼻孔COelenterate腔腸動(dòng)物CeIl membrane&plasma membrane 細(xì)胞膜 COnneCtiVe tissue 結(jié)締組織OSSeO

13、US tissue It 組織 CardiaC muscle 心肌 NiSSrS body尼氏小體 meroblastic CleaVage 不完全卵裂 gastrovascular CaVity 消化循環(huán)腔 excretory SyStem 排泄系統(tǒng) digestive SyStem 消化系統(tǒng) basal Iamina & basal membrane 基月莫 self-fertilization 自體受精 first intermidate host 第一中間寄主 SeCOnd intermediate host 第二中間寄主COChIea 耳蝸amniota羊膜動(dòng)物annelid環(huán)Vf動(dòng)

14、物epithelial tissue 上皮組織Cartilage tissue 軟Tf 組織 muscular tissue 肌肉組織 intercalated disc 閏盤(pán)COIOny &group 群體COlOnial theory 群體說(shuō) muscle SyStem肌肉體系 reproductive SyStem 生殖系統(tǒng) archinephric duct 原腎管CrOSS-fertilization 異體受精final host終寄主SemiCirCUIar Canal 半規(guī)管heredity 遺傳PiSUrn SatiVUm 豌豆ZygOte合子PhenOtyPe表現(xiàn)型diplo

15、id 二倍體Satellite 隨體mesoblast中胚層SPindIe fiber 紡錘絲SPermatOgenOUS 精原細(xì)胞VariatiOn 變異SegregatiOn 分離 allele等位基因 test CrOSS 測(cè)交 haploid單倍體Iinker連絲SPindIe紡錘體ViCia faba 蠶豆OOgOniUm卵原細(xì)胞gene基伏Igamete生殖細(xì)胞 genotype基因型 OryZa SatiVa 水稻CentrOmere 著絲粒 mitosis有絲分裂 interphase 間期 nuCIeOPIaSm 核質(zhì)SPermatiCl 精細(xì)胞GenetiCS遺傳學(xué)Phen

16、OCOPy擬表型 gametic Iethal 配子致死 dominant Iethal 顯性致死 heterozygote 雜合體 Iinkage group 連鎖群 genetic map遺傳學(xué)圖 heterokaryon 異核體 recipient 受體 induction 誘導(dǎo) MenderS IaWS孟徳爾上律 first filial generation 子一代 dominant CharaCter 顯性性狀 hereditary determinant 遺傳因子 recombination 重組合epistasis上位效應(yīng)ZygOtiC Iethal 合子致死Camer攜帶者

17、genotype基因型 interference 干涉WiId type野生型 auxotroph營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺陷型 donor供體PrOPhage原噬菌體mutant突變型autosome常染色體homozygote 純合體PhenOtyPe表現(xiàn)型 COinCidence 并發(fā)率 mutation 突變Strain菌株 fragment 片段transduction 轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)IaW Of SegregatiOn 分離定律Parental generatiOn 親代 recessive CharaCter 隱性性狀 Parental COmbination 親組合 PUnnett SqUare 棋盤(pán)法Pr

18、imary COnStriCtiOn 初級(jí)縊痕 nucleolar OrganiZer 核仁形成區(qū) SeCOnd POIar body 第二極體 female gametic nucleus 卵核 SeX-ChrOmOSOme 性染色體Primary COnStriCtiOn 初級(jí)縊痕COmPIementary gene 互補(bǔ)基因SiSter ChrOmatidS姐妹染色單體 three-point testcross 三點(diǎn)測(cè)交MendeIian CharaCter 孟徳爾性狀 SeCOndary ConStriCtiOn 次級(jí)縊痕 first POIar body 第一極體 SiSter C

19、hrOmatidS姐妹染色單體 multiple alleles復(fù)等位基因 SeX-Iinked inheritance 伴性遺傳 SeCOndary ConStriCtiOn 次級(jí)縊痕 homologous ChrOmOSOme 同源染色體 SeCOndary OOCyte次級(jí)卵母細(xì)胞 Primary SPermatOCyte 初級(jí)精母細(xì)胞 SeCOndary SPermatOCyte 次級(jí)精母細(xì)胞 first division SegregatiOn 第一次分裂分離 SeCOnCl division SegregatiOn 第二次分裂分離 IaW Of independent assort

20、ment 自由組合左律BiOChemiStry生物化學(xué)COmPlementary DNA 互補(bǔ) DNA repetitive SeqUenCe 重復(fù)序列VariabIe IOOP 可變環(huán) hyperchromic effect 增色效應(yīng)exon外顯子ribonuclease核糖核酸酶base StaCking force 堿基堆積力essential element 必需元素 amino acid氨基酸 StrUCtUral domain 結(jié)構(gòu)域 adenine腺嚓吟 thymine 胸腺喘! nucleotide 核昔酸 base堿基數(shù)trace elements 微雖:元素Primary

21、StrUCtUre 一級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)SUbUnit 亞基guanine鳥(niǎo)噪吟UraCil尿陀嚨base Pairing堿基配對(duì)gyrase旋轉(zhuǎn)酶PIaSmid 質(zhì)粒PrOteOgIyCan蛋白聚糖 random COil無(wú)規(guī)卷曲 degeneration 變性 CytOSine胞喀嚨 nUCleOSide 核苜 base Pair堿基對(duì)數(shù) nucleosome 核小體transposons 轉(zhuǎn)座子 intron內(nèi)含子renaturation 復(fù)性 annealing 退火melting-out temperature 熔解溫度SUCrOSe 蔗糖hypochromic effect 減色效應(yīng)malto

22、se麥芽糖StarCh淀粉CeIIUlaSe纖維素酶 holoenzyme 全酶 OXidaSe氧化酶 CatabOliSm異化作用 CytOChrOme細(xì)胞色素 antimycin A 抗霉素 Aethanol 乙醇SUCCiniC acid 琥珀酸 fumarate延胡索酸 fatty acid脂肪酸glycogen 糖原SeIeCtiVity 選擇性COfaCtOr輔因子metabolism新陳代謝metabolite代謝產(chǎn)物rotenone魚(yú)藤酮Cyanide鼠化物Citrate檸椽酸OXalOaCetiC acid 草酰乙酸glyoxylate CyCIe乙醛酸循環(huán)IaCtOSe 乳

23、糖CeIlUIOSe纖維素SUbStrate 底物COenZyme 輔閒assimilation同化作用 biological OXidatiOn 生物氧化amytal阿密妥glycolysis 糖酵解cis-aconitate 順烏頭酸acetybcoenzyme 乙酰輔酶malate蘋(píng)果酸replicOn復(fù)制子OkaZaki fragment 岡崎片段 terminator 終止子replication fork 復(fù)制叉terminator 終止子degeneracy 簡(jiǎn)并性deamination脫氨基作用CarbOn Unit 一碳單位PrimOSOme 弓I 發(fā)體Iagging Str

24、anCl 后隨鏈 telomerase 端粒酶PrOmOter啟動(dòng)子 COdOn密碼子CitriC acid CyCIe檸檬酸循環(huán) euchromatin常染色質(zhì) transfer RNA 轉(zhuǎn)移 RNA metabolic regulation 代謝調(diào) VJStrUCtUral gene 結(jié)構(gòu)基因 OPeratOr gene操縱基因 termination factor 終止因子 initiator COdOn 起始密碼 SemiCOnservative replication 半保留復(fù)制 ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸 OXidatiVe deamination 氧化脫

25、姐作用 reverse transcript!On 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄 SemicliSCOntinUOUS replication 半不連續(xù)復(fù)制 missense mutation 錯(cuò)義突變 neutral mutation 中性突變PhOSPhatidiC acid 磷脂酸CIihydrOUraCil IOOP 二氫尿嗜喘環(huán) double-strand CirCUIar DNA 雙鏈環(huán)形 DNACOre enzyme 核心酚Ieading Chain 前導(dǎo)鏈telomere 端粒VeCtOr載體OPerOn操縱子horm one 激素Urea CyCle尿素循環(huán)messenger RNA 信使 RNA

26、 ribosome RNA 核糖體 RNA feedback regulation 反饋調(diào)節(jié)PrOmOter gene啟動(dòng)基因regulator gene 調(diào)節(jié)基因triplet COde三聯(lián)體密碼termination COdOn 終止密碼Ornithine CyCle鳥(niǎo)氨酸循環(huán)glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸 transamination轉(zhuǎn)氨基作用decarboxylation 脫竣作用reverse transcriptase 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶Synonymous mutation 同義突變 nonsense mutation 無(wú)義突變 essential amino ac

27、ids 必需氨基酸 anticodon IOOP反密碼子環(huán)SUPerheliCal DNA 超螺旋 DNAOPen CirCUIar DNA 開(kāi)環(huán) DNAIinear DNA 線形 DNAbase StaCking force 堿基堆積力SUPer-SeCOndary StrUCtUre 超二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)quaternary StrUCtUre 四級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)POSitiVe SUPerCOil DNA 正超螺旋 DNA SeCOndary StrUCtUre 二級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) tertiary StrUCtUre 三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) negative SUPerCOil DNA 負(fù)超螺旋 DNAGIyCeraIdehyd

28、e-3-phosphate 甘油醛-3-二磷酸 glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid 生糖兼生酮氨基酸 restriction endonuclease 限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶POlymeraSe Chain reaction 聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)MiCrObiOIOgy微生物學(xué)IiVing CreatUreS 生物CUltUre medium 培養(yǎng)基IaWn菌苔CUltUre Plate培養(yǎng)平板bacteria 細(xì)菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物PrOkaryOte原核生物PrOtOZOan原生動(dòng)物hypha菌絲mycoplasma 支原體yeast酵母菌Pl

29、aSmOlySiS質(zhì)壁分離ESCheriChia COli 大腸桿菌murein胞壁質(zhì)PePtidOglyCan 肽聚糖mucopeptide 黏肽OUter membrane 夕卜膜ChrOmOSOme 染色體nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 擬核ChrOmatin染色質(zhì)CentrOmere 著絲粒telomere 端粒PrOtOPIaSt原生質(zhì)體mycoplasma 支原體glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 間體CytOPIaSm細(xì)胞質(zhì)megnetosome 磁小體nucleoid 擬核glycocalyx 糖被CaPSUIe 莢膜flagellum 鞭毛I(xiàn)ySOSO

30、me溶酶體ChlOrOPIaSt 葉綠體thylakoid類(lèi)妻體inorganic Salt 無(wú)機(jī)鹽PePtOne蛋白腺SUIfUr bacteria 硫細(xì)菌beef extract 牛肉膏Vitamin維生素inclusion body 內(nèi)含物IithOtrOPh無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)型medium培養(yǎng)基agar瓊脂OrganOtrOPh有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)型antiport逆向運(yùn)輸active transport 主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸PinOCytOSiS胞飲作用CatabOIiSm分解代謝PaSSiVe transport 被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸U(kuò)niPOrt單向運(yùn)輸anabolism合成代謝fermentation 發(fā)酵batch CUltUre分批培養(yǎng)IOg PhaSe對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期StatiOnary PhaSe穩(wěn)怎生長(zhǎng)期Iag PhaSe遲緩期decline PhaSe 衰亡期aerobe好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因組transformation 轉(zhuǎn)化genome基因組PlaSmiel 質(zhì)粒transforming factor 轉(zhuǎn)化因子diploid 二倍體haploid單倍體transposable element 轉(zhuǎn)座因子COnjUgatiOn接合作用