比較中西方身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在溝通中的應(yīng)用

1、比擬中西方身勢(shì)語(yǔ)在溝通中的應(yīng)用.intrdutinhenpeplespeakftheuniarin,firsttheyillthinkfthelanguage,hihistheverbalbehavir.theverbalbehavirisapressrelyingnthelanguageinstruent,inludingtext(rittenlanguages)andverbal(rallanguage)tarrythrughunindeliveringideaandtransferringinfratin.languageisaniprtanttlfhuanuniatin,butitis

2、ntthenlytlfuniatin.infat,inadditintlanguage,thereisareabundantntentftheeansfuniatinthatisnn-verbal.thenn-verbaluniatinisthelanguagefalltheatsfuniatin,itisveryfrequentinthefrequenyfdailylife.asile,alk,andagesturebelngtbenn-verbalbahavir(huang,2022:16).itisdiffiulttfanyandanntbepressedthattheuniatinbe

3、teenthepeplejustdependnrdsithutanyapanyinggesturesrpstures.that,atleast,isntasuffiientuniatin.itisipssibilityntthavetheverbalbehavirinhuansuniatin,butthenn-verbaluniatingesiththeverbaluniatin.bthfthefredthepletepressfuniatinandalshavetheirnfeaturesandfuntins.nn-verbaluniatinanrepresentpeplespsyhlgia

4、lativitiesrihlyandaurately.astheainpnentfnn-verbaluniatin,bdtlanguagehasitsntrait,effet,andfuntin.itustplyiththe“priniplesfperatinjustasverbaluniatin(yang,1994:16).thedefinitinandiprtanefbdylanguage21definitinfbdylanguagebdylanguageisntalanguageinthestritsenseftherd“l(fā)anguage.“bdylanguageisexpressing

5、hnefeelsbynessitting,standing,ving,et,ratherbyrds(xfrdadvanedlearnersenglish-hineseditinary,1997).22theiprtanefbdylanguageaninvestigatinintthefuntinsfthefatrsfverbalandnnverbaluniatinsshs:35%infratinistransferredbylanguage;thether65%arebynnverbalpatterns(savaretal,1981).therstudyindiates:nly7%etinsi

6、npeplesuniatinarepassedbylanguage.thether93%arebynnverbalpatterns.aerianshlarsdeleigbrnan(1991)pintedutthat“huansuniatinnsistsfriting,ralandbdythreeparts.beausefultureprejudies,agreatajrityfeduatedpepleftenthinkthatrittenlanguageisstiprtant;therallanguageisthesend.thebdylanguageisrankedlast.hever,he

7、therfrthentinuuslyevlutinfhlehuanityrfrapersnalpintfvie,thestudyindiatethattheeiprtantpsitinangthethreearepartppsitin.thisshstheneessityandiprtanefbdylanguage.huansietyslnghistrialevlutinnfiredthatlabrplayedadeisiverleintheursefhuansevlutin.atbeginning,huananestrsrelynallsrtsfgesturesandpsturesfrutu

8、alrdinatinanduniate.sbdylanguageisatuallythestpriitiveinstruentfuniatin.thephnilanguageisgraduallydevelpediththentinuusdeepeningfuniatin.huangraduallylearnedverbaluniatinafterafar-flungnnverbaluniatin.thisshsthatthenn-verbaluniatinaeintbeingearlierthanverbaluniatin,itistheriginandbasefverbaluniatin,

9、bdylanguageistheearliestuniatintlfhuan.therlefbdylanguageinuniatin31texhangeideastexhangeideasisthestbasisialfuntinfthelanguage.indailyverbaluniatin,bdylanguagealspartiipatesinverbaluniateatuality.speakersnsiuslyrunnsiuslyusebdylanguagetaththelanguagefrexpressingideas;thelistenersalsunderstandideast

10、ransferredbybdylanguage(yang,1994:26).setiesbdylanguageevenanexpressideasdiretly,espeiallyatthekindfasinthatisinapprpriatetspeakrsebdydesntanttspeak.frexaple,attheplaehereisasquietasthereadingr,itisinapprpriatefrpeplettalk.32tveysentientbdylanguageisftenaffetedbytheipatfpersnality;differentpepleuset

11、hesaebdylanguageanexpressdifferentfeelings.ifetinhasevenalittlehange,itillberefletedinpeplesfaeiediately.laughterisakindffaialbr,ingeneralthelaughterisbehavedhenpeplefeelbuyant(zhang,1990:26).usuallythesentientsexpressedjy.butindifferentntexts,differentlaughersexpressdifferentsentients.setieslaugher

12、sexpresspletelyreversesensibility.frexaple,“fredsiled,“aansile,“anartifiialsile,“sneer,“sinistersile,“bekandsn(zhang,2000:32).“theeyesaretheindtthesul,eyesisstgdatbehavingpeplesinneretin.setiesapairfeyeshihlksanspeakannveyverydeliateandplexetins.theeyesthatnveypeplesetinalaysgitheyebr.eyebralsisanip

13、rtantpartfexpressin.33tbringfrthpeplespsyhlgyandtbehavepeplesharaterinfat,besidesverballanguage,thebdylanguagefgesyures,faialhanges,eningfulglaneareallrefletinfpeplesinnerstveentandharater.frenhliterarytheristturnersaid:“bearefullystudyinghis(shakespeare)everyrle,yuilldisveratanyentthatthereisakindf

14、eh,akindfensngnerding,negesture,netuhfidea,neripandnespeakdetleakharatershlebs,.(hen,2001:38)speakingfthehuanity,eahpersnanexpressurinnerstfeelingsthrughtthebdytheidea,butestsexpressinalsdiffersfr.frinstaneesplitutrentaar,eanusetheentirepalfthehandtsun,buttheeaternerissurelyisstrethesutthethubtsun,b

15、utalshasusandtherskississurelytherelatinalntnfriendandthefailyeber,butesternerskissnlyisandthefriendgreets.34tdentesialrelatinspeplehuniateiththethernehavedifferentidentity,status,senirityandsex,stherearesedifferenesinthebdylanguagetheyused.therefre,thesialrelatinsbeteentheanberefletedbytheirbdylang

16、uage.asileandshakinghandsiththeinitiativearethenlyusedbdylanguagehentheyfirsteetsebdy.butthatisntsuitabletstrethutinitiativeheneetingapersnhhasstatusthatisuhhigherthanyu.ntherthanthepersnffershishand,yuanbeapprahedtshakehands.thepepleharerefailiarftenhldeahthershandsaftershakinghands.butstendntshake

17、handshenregardingitheahther,theydratheirfingerstgetherlightly.ineurpeandtheunitedstatespepleftenusekissingereny.thefrandplaefkissingisdifferentbeausestatusandlngevityisdifferent.theayhihbuthenhinasveryanyplaes,theajritypepleeetgreetsallareshakehand,ertainly,alshasseyungpeplerunsinttheveryfailiarfrie

18、ndperhapsfailyeberstie,anusethehugtheaytebiggreeting.theharateristisandthereasnfrdifferenefbdylanguagebeteenesternandhinese41theharateristisfbdylanguage4.1.1synnyyneeaninganbeshnbyrethantbdylanguages.frinstane,gesturesfshakinghands,ndding,rraisehandanshgreeting.lkslikeuseetstheaquaintanethetieetbeab

19、letshakehand,inustseatterexpressedsatisfatrytieeannd,atntsatisfatrytieanshaketheheadandsn.4.1.2bsurityevenexpertsinkinesisanntnaepreiselyallthevabularyfgestures,frexaple,henanaerianrubshisnse,itayeanheisdisagreeingithsene.buttherearetherexplanatinst.henthisurs,eusttrytgetfurtherinfratinrguesstheeani

20、ngfrthentextfthesituating.inard,allbdylanguageshuldbeexplainedinaertainntext.tignrethesituatinthatuldauseisunderstandings.atuallytheeaningfsebdylanguageshuldbeinferredinaspesifinsent,butanyregestureshavetheireaning.4.1.3syblithesybliharateristiisaniprtantsignfrdistinguishingthebdylanguageandbdyphysi

21、lgialatins.althughbdylanguagehasthesaephysialattributeasbdyveents,butbdylanguageexpressesanuniqueideainselanguagenditin,itisdingseuniate.inpeplesdailylife,bdylanguagentnlyanexpressavarietyffrndseetins,butalsanexpressvariuskindsfunderstandrdntare,perless;knkingnthetablashsangry,arningripatient.nuerus

22、fatshaveshnthatasann-verbaluniatinsybls,bdylanguageisakeylinkintheuniatinspeakfuniatinsyblssysteandtheiprtantpartfpurprtsyste.4.1.4ulturaldifferenerundr“khasbeenidelyusedintheunitedstates,butnthe“keaning,therearesanydifferentvies.theeaningf“kisallthesaeinallftheenglish-speakinguntries.hever,afteritq

23、uiklyexpandedteurpeandasia,theeaninghanged.frexaple,infrane,itdented“zerr“nthing;injapan,ithastheeaningf“ney;inseediterraneanuntries,itisftenusedtexpressthatthealeisahsexual.thisshthatbdylanguagehasastrngulturalidentity.inadifferentultureitshuldhaveadifferentunderstandingfbdylanguage;sedifferentbdyl

24、anguageanexpressthesaeeanings.sefthesaebdylanguageindiateddifferentsignifianernept;itaffetstheeffetfuniatinandevenanaketheisapprehensinandnflitfrss-ulturaluniatinifeanntunderstandthespeialeaningfthennverbalsignfuniatin.thisisalsebdientfthedialetialrelatinshipbeteennnverbaluniatinandulturedifferene.i

25、nfat,inthesaeunitybs,theulture,sietystatusandevendifferenefupatinallhaveadistintnessebdientbybdylanguage.42thereasnfrdifferenefbdylanguagebeteenesternandhina4.2.1thedifferenefthetraditinalulturethedifferenefthetraditinalulturalinthedifferenharateristis.histriansnsideredthatultureistheentirefrfveentf

26、anatin.hinaandesternuntrieshavetheirndifferentsialsilandulturalatsphere.theyhavetheirnlnghistryfindependentdevelpentandspeialspae,andeahfthehasitsndistintethniharateristis.bdylanguagerefletstheharateristisfanatin,itntnlyinludesthenatinshistrialandulturalbakgrund,italsntainstheattitudefrlifefthenatin

27、;itisanreteanifestatinfpepleslifestyleandayfthinking.hineseivilizatinsysteisauratelyalled“hineseulturalirle,pepleallit“heinard-lking“irle,thehinesepepleaeintbeingarespeted

28、faily-enteredulturesyste.lkingbakverhistry,theirhesare“siheyuan;thebardis“ubiity,andhasthegreatall.itfashinsafaily-styleuntry,itadvates“reunifiatin,pursuing“peratin,likelivingtgether.thestrnglyfailyneptiaverydi.althughtheyalssay:“east,est,heisbest.buthattheyexpressisprbablyakindf“aritieivilizatinand

29、“nadithatisutardexpansinandlateralextensin,gttheuterrldisthenlyayfrtheirsurvivalanddevelpent.therefre,identalpursueakindfautephaly,utard“ntheradspirit,itengendersakindf“disreteatinde.thisulturaldifferenehaslearlyrefletedintheirbdylanguagebeteenhinaandtheest.frexaple,eaternpepleantdthis,iftheyhavetre

30、dsitinthenarrnessspae,theyilluse“speialskillstheyillneverseethepeplehtlsedttheandneverhaveanybr.4.2.2differentethniharatertraitsthenatinharaterisaparativelyjarlessharateristithatisfredinthepressfalnghistryfulturaldevelpent.thisharateristiislikeabrightbrand.itakeseahnatinhavetheirnharateristianddiffe

31、rentiatinitheahther.thereisahugentrastbeteenhineseandesternethniharatertraits,stheirbdylanguageisalsdifferent.hinaisaprprietiesuntrythathasalnghistry,itisauntrythatthefeudalisentralizatinfstateperpatternandthetraditinprinipalpartulturearestfixednessandntinuethelngest.itakehinesesethniharatertraitsar

32、eful,dest,fllrd,ntinene,andthinkaltfereny,ethi,andexpressinnntatinandsn.inesternuntriesbeausefreupgrthgegraphialtraffi,differentraesinbreakandsialstatusaketheesternsabundinadventure,uphldautephalyandpeae,extrversin,assuredness,andrandvluntaries.tdifferentharatertraitsbringntdifferentbdylanguages.est

33、ernaybeputtinghinasdest,nntatinasshrtfassurednessrself-nteptuus.hineseaybeputtingesternsetinalexpsureasarrgantattitude.4.2.3differentsialustsflk-ustisakindfspeialulturefr,itisthesedientatinftraditinalulture,itisakindfulturalphenennthatgesalngfrgeneratintgeneratin.bdylanguageandflkulturearelselyrrela

34、tin;itisanreteexpressinfflkulture.therefre,bdylanguagehasspeiallrfdifferentflk-ust.anyftheearlyhistryfbdylanguagehavebeenblivin,butitdesntpreventnegeneratinfrusingthesebdylanguage.theyauulateintheflkustandereretained,butanyuserserentaarefthesebdylanguagessure.frexaple,therd“atz,thispseusespenpalsext

35、endedtthersfae.thisnevereanshstilitythinesepeple,butthisisanutrageusinsult,ridiuledsignaltahaean.itriginatedinthebyzantineperid;frerlyitisaninsultingatinthatpeplehukfeulenetprisnersfae.severalhundredyearsag,hderngreeksdthisatinistsybliallypeneptyhands,butthentueliuseaningsisnthanges.v.theusefbdylang

36、uageinuniatin5.1thedifferenesfexertinbeteenhineseandestern5.1.1psturepsturesuniatejustaslanguagedes.ehavefundthatpstureffersinsightintaulturesdeepstrutureandrefletsapersnsattitudetardpepleheisith.inanyasianultures,thebisuhrethanagreeting,anditsignifiesthatulturesnernithstatusandrank.frexaple,injapan

37、lpstureisanindiatrfrespet.theannerfsitting,standingandvinganalsuniateaessageandrefletaertainultureslifestyle.asekn,intheunitedstates,herebeingasualandfriendlyisvalued,pepleftenfallinthairsrsluhhentheystand;anditisalsntseeanaerianansitithherlegsrssedevenduringpublieetings.hereasinanytheruntries,suhas

38、geranyandseden,herelifestyletendtberefral,suhpsturesareffensiveandareftennsideredsignsfrudenessrpranners.5.1.2eyelanguagetheeye,theindrevealinghatisdeepinnesind,isfullfrihexpressins.eyelanguage(inludingsightdiretinandduratinfeyentat),likethereleentsinbdylanguage,alshasulturaldifferenes.ehavefundthat

39、pepleinesternuntriesexpetthepersntheyareinteratingithtlkattheintheeyeduringanversatin;hever,staringatpeplerhldingaglanetlngisnsideredtbeiprperinstenglish-speakinguntries,evenhenthelkaybenefappreiatin,beauseitayakepepleuneasyandebarrassed.butarabs,nthetherhand,lkdiretlyinttheeyesftheiruniatinpartner,

40、anddsfralngperidftie,astheybelievesuheyentatshsinterestinthetherpersnandhelpstheassessthetruthfulnessfthetherpersnsrds.5.1.3tuhtheannerftuhayserveasarefletinfthatulturesattitudesandvalues.efindthatultures(e.g.geran,english，sandinavian)believinginetinalrestraintsandrigidstatusdistintinilldverylittlet

41、uhingasparedithultures(e.g.latinaerian,iddleeastern,jeish，greek,easterneurpean)thatstresslletivisandutardsignfaffetin.andkibserves,sutheastasiansdntrdinarilytuhduringanversatin,espeiallynebeteenppsitesexes,beauseanyasianulturesadheretnrsthatfrbidpublidisplaysfaffetinandintiay.besidesthevariatinintuh

42、aunt,typesftuhpreferredalsvaryangulturesdifferentlatinfthetuh(ar,leg,breast,fae,andsn)ayhavedifferenteanings,andeahulturetellsuspreiselyhatiteanshenetuhertainpartsfthebdy.hereareseexaples.ingerany,enasellasenshakehandsattheutsetfeverysialenunter;intheunitedstates,enseldshakehands;inthearabulture,enf

43、tengreeteahtherbykissingandhugging.ehavealsfundthatsepartsfthebdyarentalledttuhinseultures.frexaple,inthailandandtherplaesfasia,theheadissaredanditisffensivettuhsenethere.andinkrea,yungpeplearesiallyfrbiddenfrtuhingtheshuldersftheirelders.5.1.4distanetheprxialdistane(seties,eallit“persnalspae)prefer

44、redbypeplefaulturedsentrrespndtthsepreferredbypepleftherultures.andpeplefrdifferentultureshavedifferentideasabuttheprperdistanebeteenpeplenversing.ehavefundthatstenglishspeakingpepleliketheenglish,aeriansandaustraliansdntlikepepletbetlseunlessthereisareasn,suhasshingaffetingrenuragingintiay.gerans,t

45、,regardprivatespaeassared.thereasnisthatalltheseabveulturesstressindividualis.hileinulturessuhasthegreek,afrian,italianandarab,hereprivayislessiprtant,pepledeandlessspae.andinseasianuntries,itisquitentseepepleshvingandringnbusesandinstpubliplaes,hihightstartletheenglishspeakingpeplegreatil.therefre,

46、thelakfknledgefulturaldiffereneayleadtnsiderableisunderstanding.52untereasuresuniatinneedsbthverbaluniatinandnnverbaluniatin.bdylanguageistheiprtantpnentpartfnnverballanguage,sthedifferenefbdylanguagebeteenhineseandesternillaffethuansnuniatinbehavir,ifpepleanttreduerabstainthebadinfetinbythesedifferene,itneedstadvertthesepintshereinafter:first,nsiusgnizethebd