Unit 4 課文文本和翻譯-高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

1、 人教版高中英語新教材選擇性必修一Unit 4課文文本和翻譯LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK傾聽身體的訴說We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people

2、stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.在與他人交流時，我們既使用言語也通過身勢語來表達我們的想法和觀點。通過觀察別人的身勢語，我們可以了解很多他們的想法。言語固然重要，但是人們站立、握緊手臂、移動雙手的方式也能幫助我們了解他們的情緒。Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body la

3、nguage in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women

4、 are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.就像口頭語言一樣，身勢語因文化而異。關(guān)鍵是使用身勢語的方式要與你所處的文化相適應。例如，在有些國家，眼神交流看著別人的眼睛是表現(xiàn)興趣的一種方式。相反，在另一些國家，眼神交流并不總是被認可。例如，在許多中東國家，男女不允許在社交場合進行眼神交流。在日本，和年長的人講話時，目光向下以表示尊敬。The gesture for “OK” has

5、 different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as

6、it is not considered polite.“OK”這個手勢在不同的文化中有不同的含義。在日本，如果看到另一個人用這個手勢，可能認為這意味著錢。在法國，看到同一個手勢的人可能會將其解讀為“零”。但是在巴西和德國，你應該避免使用這個手勢，因為它被認為是不禮貌的。Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking ones head means “no”, and nodding means“yes”. By comparison, in Bulg

7、aria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they me

8、et. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.甚至我們用來表示“是”與“不是”的手勢，在世界各地也不同。在許多國家，搖頭表示“不”，點頭表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞南部，這兩種手勢的含義是相反的。差異還表現(xiàn)在我們彼此接觸的方式，我們與談話對象的距離，以及我們見面或告別時的行為。在法國和俄羅斯這樣的國家，人們和朋友見面時可能會親吻他們的臉頰。在其他地方，人們見面時更喜歡握手，彎腰鞠躬或者點頭。Som

9、e gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.有些手勢似乎在每個地方都有相同的含義。雙手并攏放在頭的一側(cè)，同時閉上眼睛表示“睡覺”。

10、用餐后輕輕用手在胃部轉(zhuǎn)圈表示“我飽了”。Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or t

11、o start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.有些身勢語有許多不同的用途。最好的例子也許是微笑。微笑可以幫助我們度過難關(guān)，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障礙。我們可以用微笑來道歉，跟某人

12、打招呼，尋求幫助或者開始對話。專家建議對著鏡子微笑來讓自己更快樂、更堅強。而且如果我們感到沮喪或孤獨，沒有什么比看到好朋友的笑臉更好的了。HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?我如何了解我的學生？As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Many students are quite shy and dont speak all that much. At the same time, in a classroom of more tha

13、n forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick?作為一名教師，人們經(jīng)常問我，我怎么知道自己的學生在想什么。許多學生相當害羞，所以他們的話并不那么多。同時，在一個有40多名學生的教室里，很難與每個人進行多次一對一的談話。那么，我是如何搞清楚每個學生為何會這樣的呢？My answer? I look at their body language.我的答案？我看他們的肢體

14、語言。It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look confused. I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. Pe

15、ople have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other.

16、Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.當學生對一堂課感興趣時，很容易辨認出來。大多數(shù)人傾向于抬頭

17、和進行眼神交流。當我開玩笑時，他們會笑。當我談論到難點時，他們看起來很困惑。不過，我知道學生們什么時候真正感興趣，因為他們身體前傾看著我。人們往往傾向于自己感興趣的東西。因此，如果一個學生低下頭看表，這意味著他很無聊，只是在數(shù)著分鐘等下課。如果兩個朋友把頭靠在一起，他們可能在互相寫紙條。當然，不是每個抬頭的人都專注于課堂。有些學生抬頭看，但沒有眼神交流。他們的眼睛幾乎不動，臉上表情疏遠呆滯，好像睜著眼睛在睡覺。Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time looking anywhere but at

18、 me. Then again, some students favourite activity is daydreaming. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need

19、to pay attention in class.有些學生被別的東西逗樂了。他們把所有的時間都花在看我以外的地方。同樣，一些學生最喜歡的是做白日夢。他們兩手托著下巴，忙著盯窗外或天花板。他們當然對某事感興趣，但誰知道是什么呢？主要的事情是提醒分心的學生在課堂上要注意聽講。While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students wh

20、o are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarr

21、assed or ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.