【知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總】新譯林版 必修一 Unit 1 Back to school

1、 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總】新譯林版 必修一 Unit 1 Back to school【詞匯短語】1. Realizing your potential (P2)發(fā)揮你的潛能potential n. 潛力；可能性 adj. 潛在的，可能的【搭配】show/have potential 有潛能have the potential to do sth 有做某事的潛能【例句】She has shown great potential as a singer.她表現(xiàn)出做歌手的巨大潛能。He has the potential to become a good football player.他具有成為一名優(yōu)秀足

2、球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的潛質(zhì)?！就卣埂縫otentially adv. 潛在地，可能地【例句】Electricity is potentially dangerous.電有潛在的危險(xiǎn)。2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. (P2)你們面前的路通向一個(gè)充滿挑戰(zhàn)的世界。challenge n. & vt. 挑戰(zhàn)；質(zhì)疑【搭配】face a challenge 面臨挑戰(zhàn)meet the challenge 迎接挑戰(zhàn)take on/accept a challenge 接受挑戰(zhàn)【例句】Traditional industries mus

3、t meet the challenge of the new technology.傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)必須迎接新科技帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。We are facing a serious challenge.我們正面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。He accepted the challenge to swim across the river.他接受了游到河對(duì)岸的挑戰(zhàn)?！就卣埂縞hallenging adj. 挑戰(zhàn)性的challenger n. 挑戰(zhàn)者【例句】It was challenging, but she also made it fun.這很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但她也讓它變得很有趣。The second challenger

4、 is a heavyweight.第二位挑戰(zhàn)者是一名重量級(jí)選手。3. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. (P2)不過，對(duì)你們當(dāng)中思維積極的人來說，每一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)中都蘊(yùn)藏著機(jī)遇。positive adj. 積極樂觀的；良好的，正面的【搭配】be positive about 對(duì)積極樂觀的on the positive side 從好的方面看【例句】She has a very positive attitude towards life.她對(duì)生活持有非常樂觀的態(tài)度。

5、As a star, he has a positive influence on teenagers.作為明星，他對(duì)青少年的影響是正面的。Be positive about your future and get on with living a normal life.要對(duì)自己的未來充滿信心，繼續(xù)過一種正常的生活。On the positive side, the waste of resources has been reduced.從好的方面看，資源的浪費(fèi)減少了?！就卣埂縩egative adj. 悲觀的，消極的；否定的，拒絕的【例句】Try not to let negative t

6、houghts take over.盡量別受消極的想法左右。4. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. (P2)在迎接挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，你們將有機(jī)會(huì)掌握大量的知識(shí)，并享受個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)。acquire vt. 獲得，得到【例句】She has acquired a good knowledge of English after ten years of learning.通過十年的學(xué)習(xí)，她的英語已經(jīng)掌握得很好了

7、。The couple acquired a new flat recently.那對(duì)夫婦最近買了一套新公寓?！就卣埂縜cquisition n. （知識(shí)、技能等的）獲得；購得物language acquisition 語言習(xí)得【例句】He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把時(shí)間用在獲取知識(shí)上。5. Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. (P2)最重要的是，你們?cè)诟咧须A

8、段度過的時(shí)光、付出的努力將會(huì)為你們叩開潛能的大門。effort n. 努力，費(fèi)力的事；試圖【搭配】put effort into sth 努力做某事with little/without much effort 不費(fèi)力spare no effort to do sth/make every effort to do sth 不遺余力做某事【例句】A lot of effort was put into making the invitation.制作請(qǐng)?zhí)撕芏嗑?。He finished the task with little effort.他沒費(fèi)多少力就完成了任務(wù)。We will spa

9、re no effort to make our city a better place.我們將不遺余力地把我們的城市建設(shè)得更美好?！就卣埂縠ffortless adj. 不需費(fèi)力的，容易的【例句】He made playing the guitar look effortless.他彈起吉他來顯得毫不費(fèi)力。6. Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! (P3)

10、誰知道未來你們能創(chuàng)作出哪些精美的藝術(shù)品，實(shí)現(xiàn)哪些醫(yī)學(xué)突破，或者開發(fā)出哪些不可思議的技術(shù)！advance n. 進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展；前進(jìn)，行進(jìn) vt. & vi. 發(fā)展，進(jìn)步【搭配】make advances in . 在方面取得進(jìn)步in advance 預(yù)先，事先【例句】We made great advances in the chemical sciences.我們?cè)诨瘜W(xué)研究中取得了重大進(jìn)步。We arrived there half an hour in advance.我們提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到了那里。The armys advance towards the capital was fast.軍隊(duì)正

11、在迅速向首都前進(jìn)。【拓展】advanced adj. 先進(jìn)的；高等的【例句】Advanced technology has brought us great convenience.先進(jìn)的科技給我們帶來了巨大的便利。You need a dictionary for advanced learners.你需要一本供高階學(xué)習(xí)者使用的詞典。7. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (P3)同樣重要的還有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、實(shí)用的技能以及積極的態(tài)度。equal adj. 相等的

12、；平等的；相當(dāng)?shù)?n. 同等的人（物）linking v. 與相等 vt. 比得上【搭配】be equal to sth 能勝任be equal in 在方面相等be without equal 無與倫比【例句】He wasnt equal to the job, so wed better pay him off.他無法勝任這份工作，所以我們最好打發(fā)他走人。These two pieces of wood are equal in length.這兩塊木頭一樣長(zhǎng)。His chess-playing skill is without equal.他的棋藝無人能敵?！就卣埂縠qually adv

13、. 平等地；同樣地unequal adj. 不平等的；不相同的【例句】She felt unequal to the task she had set herself.她覺得難以完成給自己定下的任務(wù)。8. In fact, Im looking forward to being more independent . (P5)事實(shí)上，我期待著可以更加獨(dú)立independent adj. 自主的，有主見的；自立的【搭配】be independent of 不依賴于【例句】Going to college will make you more independent.上大學(xué)會(huì)使你更加獨(dú)立。Your

14、questions should be independent of each other.你們的問題應(yīng)該是相互間毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的。He wants to be financially independent of his parents.他不想在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依靠父母?！就卣埂縟ependent adj. 依靠的；取決于independence n. 獨(dú)立；自立【例句】The area is heavily dependent on tourism.這個(gè)地區(qū)非常依賴旅游業(yè)。He was afraid of losing his independence.他擔(dān)心喪失自己的獨(dú)立。9. Setting goal

15、s gives you a focus in life. (P6)設(shè)定目標(biāo)讓你有了生活的重心。focus n. 焦點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn) vt. & vi. 集中【搭配】the focus of attention 關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)a change of focus （對(duì)事物）看法的改變bring . into focus 使成為焦點(diǎn). come into focus 成為焦點(diǎn)focus on/upon 集中注意力于【例句】Food safety is the focus of attention now.目前，食品安全是人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。These issues have recently come into s

16、harp focus.這些問題最近成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。We need to focus our attention on environmental protection.我們要把精力集中到環(huán)境保護(hù)上?！就卣埂縡ocused adj. 注意力集中的stay focused 保持專注10. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. (P6)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，你需要制訂一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃，合理利用時(shí)間，并且注意細(xì)節(jié)。detail n. 細(xì)節(jié)；

17、具體情況【搭配】go into detail(s) 詳細(xì)敘述in detail 詳細(xì)地provide/give/find out details 提供/給出/搞清細(xì)節(jié)further/more details about/of . 有關(guān)更多的細(xì)節(jié)【例句】She went into detail(s) about the travel plan.她詳述了旅行計(jì)劃。The theory is explained in detail in this book.這個(gè)理論在這本書中有詳細(xì)的解釋。【拓展】detail v. 詳述detailed adj. 詳細(xì)的【例句】All the local hotel

18、s are detailed in the booklet. (過去分詞)宣傳冊(cè)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厮械穆灭^都做了詳述。There is a detailed introduction to all the local hotels in the booklet. (形容詞)宣傳冊(cè)上有對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厮新灭^的詳述。11. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. (P6)因?yàn)槟愀冻龅男袆?dòng)，夢(mèng)想就會(huì)成真，你便有希望過上幸福的生活。as a result of 由于（a

19、s a result of是介詞短語，可置于句首或句末）【例句】As a result of the fever, he didnt do well in the test.因?yàn)榘l(fā)燒，所以他沒考好。He didnt do well in the test as a result of the fever.他沒考好是因?yàn)榘l(fā)燒了。【辨析】as a result 結(jié)果是（as a result是副詞短語，常置于句首）He had a fever. As a result, he didnt do well in the test.他發(fā)燒了，所以沒考好。12. Instead, you should

20、set goals based on your abilities and skills. (P7)相反，你應(yīng)該基于自己的能力和技能確立目標(biāo)。base vt. 以為基礎(chǔ)（依據(jù)） n. 根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)；基底；總部，大本營(yíng)【搭配】base on/upon 以為基礎(chǔ)（或依據(jù)）(be) based on/upon 以為基礎(chǔ)（或依據(jù)）base . in . 以為據(jù)點(diǎn)；把（總部等）設(shè)在at the base of sth 在某物的底部a sound base 充分的根據(jù)a research base 研究基地【例句】The film is based on a true story.這部電影是根據(jù)真實(shí)故事改編

21、的。Based on a true story, the film is very popular.根據(jù)真實(shí)故事改編的這部電影非常受歡迎?！就卣埂縝asic adj. 基本的；必需的basically adv. 基本上，從根本上說baseless adj. 無根據(jù)的【例句】The campsite provided only basic facilities.野營(yíng)地只提供基本設(shè)施。There have been some problems but basically its a good system.雖然出現(xiàn)過一些問題，但這基本上仍不失為一個(gè)好系統(tǒng)。The rumours were comp

22、letely baseless.那些謠傳毫無根據(jù)。13. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. (P7)這會(huì)提醒你在為什么而努力，并讓你保持專注。remind vt. 提醒，使想起【搭配】remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事remind sb that . 提醒某人【例句】That smell reminds me of France.那股氣味讓我想起了法國(guó)。Remind me to buy some mil

23、k tonight.提醒我今天晚上買點(diǎn)牛奶。Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see.韋蘭太太提醒她的兒子他們還有幾個(gè)人要拜訪?！就卣埂縭eminder n. 引起回憶的事物【例句】The photo is a reminder of my trip.這張照片讓我想起那次旅行。14. After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (P7)設(shè)定好目標(biāo)后，重要的是堅(jiān)持并朝著目標(biāo)努力。sti

24、ck to 堅(jiān)持；固守，維持【搭配】stick to sbs word 遵守諾言stick to the rules 遵守規(guī)則stick to sbs guns 一意孤行【例句】He promised to help us and he stuck to his word.他答應(yīng)過幫助我們，他沒有失信。【拓展】stick v. 戳，粘貼，卡住【例句】He stuck the broken pieces together.他將碎片粘到一起。15. Proposal for a new club (P9)新的俱樂部建議書proposal n. 提議，建議，動(dòng)議【搭配】a proposal+for

25、sth/to do sth/that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 的提議make/present/put forward a proposal 提出建議approve/accept a proposal 同意/接受提議support/back a proposal 支持提議reject/oppose a proposal 反對(duì)提議draw up a proposal 起草提案vote on a proposal 對(duì)提議進(jìn)行投票【例句】The experts proposal that a garbage classification plant should be built was accepted.專

26、家們提出的建垃圾分類廠的提議被采納了?！就卣埂縫ropose vt. 提議，建議【例句】He proposed changes to the old system.=He proposed that changes should be made to the old system.=He proposed making changes to the old system.他建議更新舊系統(tǒng)。16. Club aim: To improve short story writing skills (P9)俱樂部目標(biāo)：提升短篇小說寫作技能aim n. 目的，目標(biāo) vi. & vt. 力爭(zhēng)做到；目的是；

27、針對(duì)【搭配】aim to do/at(doing)/for sth 力爭(zhēng)做到be aimed at (doing) sth 目的是，旨在be aimed at sb 針對(duì)某人【例句】We are aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emission.我們的目的是減少溫室氣體的排放。These measures are aimed at protecting wildlife.這些措施旨在保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物。This picture book is aimed at children.這本繪本的目標(biāo)讀者是兒童?！就卣埂縜imless adj. 沒有方向的，無目標(biāo)的【例句

28、】After several hours of aimless searching they were getting low on fuel.在經(jīng)歷了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的漫無目的的搜尋之后，他們的燃料不足了。17. Read short stories in different styles (P9)閱讀不同風(fēng)格的短篇小說style n. 風(fēng)格；方式；樣式【搭配】style of painting/writing/architecture 繪畫/寫作/建筑風(fēng)格in the style of 以的風(fēng)格not my style 不是我的風(fēng)格in style 流行；氣派out of style 不流行【例句

29、】Influenced by some impressionists, Vincent van Gogh developed a new style of painting.受一些印象派畫家的影響，文森特梵高發(fā)展出一種新的繪畫風(fēng)格。Skinny jeans are still in style.緊身牛仔褲依舊很流行?！就卣埂縮tylish (=fashionable) adj. 時(shí)髦的stylist n. 發(fā)型師；時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師形容詞或名詞可與style構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，表示“式樣的”。如：a Japanese-style hotel room 一個(gè)日式酒店房間a buffet-style brea

30、kfast 自助式早餐18. Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing. (P9)邀請(qǐng)專業(yè)作家做有關(guān)短篇小說寫作的演講。professional adj. 職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的；有職業(yè)的；嫻熟的，精通業(yè)務(wù)的n. 專門人員，專業(yè)人士【搭配】professional skills 專業(yè)技能professional help 專業(yè)幫助professional practice 行業(yè)慣例professional women 職業(yè)女性【例句】You need to seek professional advice to s

31、olve this problem.要解決這個(gè)問題，你需要尋求專業(yè)意見。You cant miss this opportunity for professional development.你不能錯(cuò)過這次專業(yè)進(jìn)修的機(jī)會(huì)。This is a typical hairstyle for professional women.這是典型的職業(yè)女性發(fā)型?！就卣埂縫rofession n. （尤指需要較高教育水平的）職業(yè)，行業(yè)professor n. 教授unprofessional adj. 未達(dá)專業(yè)水平的，違反職業(yè)道德的unprofessionally adv. 未達(dá)專業(yè)水平地，違反職業(yè)道德地19.

32、 Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. (P11)去年，我有機(jī)會(huì)作為交換生到英國(guó)的一所中學(xué)讀書。exchange n. & vt. 交換；交流；兌換【搭配】an exchange student 一位交換生in exchange (for .) 作為（對(duì)的）交換exchange . for . 把換取/兌換exchange sth with sb 與某人交流/交換某物exchange ideas/opinions/views/words 交流想法/觀點(diǎn)

33、【例句】When I was a middle school student I came to China as an exchange student.我上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，我作為交換生來到中國(guó)。Mary is teaching me English in exchange for my teaching her English.瑪麗教我英語，作為交換，我教她漢語。When we go to America, we have to exchange RMB for dollars.當(dāng)我們?nèi)ッ绹?guó)的時(shí)候，我們必須把人民幣換成美元。Before making the decision, he exch

34、anged ideas with his parents.在做這個(gè)決定之前，他和父母交流了想法。20. In the beginning, however, it was still tough for me to remember everyones name! (P11)然而，剛開始時(shí)，我仍然很難記住所有人的名字！tough adj. 艱難的；嚴(yán)厲的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；堅(jiān)固的【搭配】a tough childhood/time/decision 苦難的童年/煎熬的日子/艱難的決定be tough on/with 對(duì)無情/嚴(yán)厲talk tough 說話強(qiáng)硬tough shoes/skin 結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子/

35、堅(jiān)韌的皮膚【例句】Dont be so tough on hershe was just trying to help.別對(duì)她這么嚴(yán)厲，她只是想幫忙而已。It is tough for her to achieve a balance between work and family.對(duì)她來說，平衡工作和家庭是艱難的。21. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! (P11)我太喜歡這只鐘了，現(xiàn)在還在用它當(dāng)鬧鐘呢！alarm n. 鬧鐘；恐慌；警報(bào)；警報(bào)器 vt. 使驚恐，使害怕【搭配】set ones alarm for 把鬧鐘設(shè)在

36、a false alarm 虛驚一場(chǎng)in alarm 驚慌地a fire/smoke alarm 防火/煙霧警報(bào)器set off the alarm 觸動(dòng)警報(bào)器【例句】I set my alarm for 6:30 a.m. before going to bed.睡前我把鬧鐘設(shè)在早晨六點(diǎn)半。She looked around in alarm.她驚慌地看看四周。Opening the front door will set off the alarm.一開前門，警鈴就會(huì)響?！就卣埂縜larming adj. 令人驚慌的alarmed adj. 感到驚慌的be alarmed at/by 因?yàn)?/p>

37、而感到擔(dān)心、害怕【例句】The Amazon rainforest is disappearing at an alarming speed.亞馬孫熱帶雨林正在以驚人的速度消失。She was alarmed by the thought of going back home alone.她一想到要獨(dú)自一人回家就害怕。22. Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasnt able to express myself

38、 clearly in English. (P11)在英國(guó)，課堂討論很重要，可是我的貢獻(xiàn)不大，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候我沒辦法用英語清楚地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；捐贈(zèng)【搭配】make a contribution to 對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)a huge/great/major contribution 偉大的貢獻(xiàn)a(n) significant/important contribution 重大的貢獻(xiàn)【例句】Marie Curie made a great contribution to human development.瑪麗居里為人類發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)?！就卣埂縞ontrib

39、ute vi. & vt. 捐款；添加，增進(jìn)；是的原因之一contribute to 有助于；捐獻(xiàn)；帶來；促成【例句】She contributed all her pocket money to the earthquake fund.她把所有的零花錢都捐給了地震基金。I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我們每一個(gè)人都能為世界的未來做出貢獻(xiàn)。23. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave m

40、e lots of encouragement. (P11-12)幸好，老師和同學(xué)們一直都樂于幫助我，并給予我很多鼓勵(lì)。fortunately adv. 幸運(yùn)地，幸虧【例句】Fortunately, the kid was saved by a passerby from the pond.幸運(yùn)的是，那個(gè)孩子被路人從池塘里救上來了。I got stuck in the traffic jam, but fortunately I arrived on time.我遇上了交通堵塞，但幸運(yùn)的是我按時(shí)到了?！就卣埂縰nfortunately adv. 遺憾地，不幸地【例句】Unfortunately

41、, no one took my opinion seriously.不幸的是，沒有人嚴(yán)肅看待我的意見。24. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. (P12)最吸引我的是橄欖球俱樂部。attract vt. 吸引，使喜愛；招引；引起（反應(yīng)）【搭配】attract sb to sb/sth 引起某人對(duì)的好感be attracted by 被吸引【例句】What attracted me to her was her big eyes.吸引我的是她的大眼睛。I was attracted by her beautiful singi

42、ng.我被她動(dòng)聽的演唱吸引?！就卣埂縜ttractive adj. 有吸引力的attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；具有吸引力的事物 【例句】She was an attractive woman when she was young.她年輕的時(shí)候很有魅力。Ice cream has great attraction for children.冰激凌對(duì)孩子們有很大的吸引力。The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction.長(zhǎng)城是一處著名的旅游勝地。【語法知識(shí)】1. I cant wait to describe to you what senior

43、 high school life is like. (P5)我迫不及待地要向你們描述高中生活的模樣。what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句句式剖析what引導(dǎo)的從句作describe的賓語。本句原為describe sth to sb的結(jié)構(gòu)，但因從句充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語太長(zhǎng)，故置于句末，而what在賓語從句中充當(dāng)介詞like的賓語?？键c(diǎn)提煉what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以表示兩種不同的意義，即疑問意義和關(guān)系意義。疑問意義是指what表示“什么”，關(guān)系意義是指what表示“的東西”，可以解釋為the thing(s) which或all that。如：I asked the teacher what impressionis

44、m is.（疑問意義）我問老師印象主義是什么。I shared with my classmates what I read in the vacation.（關(guān)系意義）我跟同學(xué)們分享了假期讀的東西。歸納拓展what在賓語從句中也可以充當(dāng)其他成分。如：We dont know what will be done next.（what在從句中作主語）我們不知道下一步要怎么辦。I havent been told what the plan is.（what在從句中作表語）還沒有人告訴我計(jì)劃是什么。2. Of equal importance are good study habits, usef

45、ul skills and a positive attitude.同樣重要的還有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、實(shí)用的技能以及積極的態(tài)度。完全倒裝句式剖析句子的主語是good study habits, useful skills and a positive mind，但作者為了實(shí)現(xiàn)句子的平衡，把謂語動(dòng)詞are置于主語之前，這是一種倒裝語序，而且是完全倒裝?？键c(diǎn)提煉通常使用倒裝語序是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)句子的平衡或使上下文銜接緊密。如：Gone are the days when my mum would read me a bedtime story.媽媽給我講睡前故事的日子一去不復(fù)返了。He found an o

46、ld tree in the garden. Lying under the tree was a white cat.他發(fā)現(xiàn)花園里有一棵老樹，樹下躺著一只白貓。歸納拓展(1) 表示方位的副詞（out、in、away、up、down、off等）或表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語（in the room、on the table等）置于句首時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞置于主語前，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。如：Up flew the balloon.氣球飛上了天空。On the wall hangs a photo.墻上掛著一張照片。(2) 當(dāng)only修飾狀語置于句首時(shí)，當(dāng)否定副詞never、hardly、little等以及表示否定意義的

47、介詞短語at no time、in no case等置于句首時(shí)，以及當(dāng)so后面接形容詞或副詞置于句首時(shí)，只把謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分置于主語之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。如：Only by setting a goal can we find the focus of our life.只有設(shè)定了目標(biāo)，我們才能找到生活的重心。Never will I forget the help she gave me when I was in trouble.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記她在我困難時(shí)給予我的幫助。So fast did he run that nobody caught up with him.他跑得如此之快，以至于

48、沒有人能趕上他。3. In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.最終，你們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己逐漸全面成長(zhǎng)。find+賓語+賓補(bǔ)句式剖析本句式意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物”，賓補(bǔ)是說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)等。本句中的動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語growing into a well-rounded individual對(duì)賓語起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行?？键c(diǎn)提煉find+賓語+doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)正在做（賓語與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）find+賓語+done 發(fā)現(xiàn)被做（賓語與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)

49、的動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）I often find him talking to himself.我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他自言自語。We found the problem unsolved.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題還沒有解決。歸納拓展(1) 在see、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、feel等感官動(dòng)詞的賓語后面也經(jīng)常接不帶to的不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：I heard her singing when I passed by the music room.我路過音樂教室的時(shí)候聽到她在唱歌。I heard her sing an Englis

50、h song just now.我剛聽她唱了一首英文歌。I saw some students criticized by our principal.我看到有些同學(xué)被校長(zhǎng)訓(xùn)斥了。(2) 在“感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式不帶to，而在該結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，to要還原。如：She was heard to sing that song.她被人聽到唱了那首歌。4. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”正如老子睿智的箴言所說的那樣：“千里之行，始于足下。”as引導(dǎo)非

51、限制性定語從句句式剖析as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句替代整個(gè)主句“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”考點(diǎn)提煉as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，可位于主句前面，或插在主句中，或位于主句后面，通常用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開，譯為“正如，正像”。如：He is an American, as we can know from his accent.他是個(gè)美國(guó)人，正如我們從他的口音上可以得知的那樣。As we all know, practice makes perfect.眾所周知，熟能生巧。歸納拓展(1) as引導(dǎo)限制性定

52、語從句時(shí)，經(jīng)常用于以下句式中：such+名詞+as 像一樣的the same+名詞+as 和一樣的No one will believe such stories as he told.沒人會(huì)相信他講的故事。This is not the same city as we saw ten years ago.這座城市已經(jīng)不是我們十年前看到的那樣了。(2) as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：句中位置：as可在句前，可在句后，也可在句中；which只能置于主句之后。替代內(nèi)容：as替代整個(gè)主句；which替代整個(gè)主句或主句中的某個(gè)詞。There are some apples, the bi

53、ggest of which is given to Mike.有一些蘋果，其中最大的給了邁克。The price of the machine, as we had expected, was well above what we could afford.正如我們所預(yù)料的，那臺(tái)機(jī)器的價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的承受能力。5. I made a clock to take home. (P11)我做了一只鐘帶回家。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語句式剖析動(dòng)詞不定式to take home修飾clock，作后置定語。考點(diǎn)提煉動(dòng)詞不定式是一種常見的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式修飾的

54、名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式，也可以用被動(dòng)形式，但含義有所不同。如：I have an article to type.（不定式to type的施動(dòng)者是句子的主語）I have an article to be typed.（不定式to be typed的施動(dòng)者不是句子的主語）歸納拓展(1) the first、the second等序數(shù)詞，the best等最高級(jí)，the only、the last等后面經(jīng)常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。如：She is always the first to come and the last to leave.她總是第一個(gè)來，最后一個(gè)離

55、開。He is the best man to do the job.他是做這份工作的最佳人選。(2) 動(dòng)詞不定式常修飾的名詞有ability、chance、hope、plan、decision、promise等。如：He finally made the decision to continue with the project.他最終做了決定，繼續(xù)開展這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。She kept her promise to write to me monthly.她信守諾言，每個(gè)月都寫信給我。6. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! (P11)我太喜歡這只鐘了，以至于現(xiàn)在還在用它當(dāng)鬧鐘呢！so . that . 引導(dǎo)的