【考前特訓(xùn)】07.概要寫作之說明文-2022年上海高考英語考前寫作沖刺強化集訓(xùn)

1、備戰(zhàn)高考概要寫作之贏肢理論指導(dǎo)及實戰(zhàn)演練0要點精析概要寫作的備考建議概要寫作，其實我們考生并不陌生，在日常的英語教學(xué)中，教師經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英 語課文逐段概括段落大意或者復(fù)述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎(chǔ)。除此之外, 作為考生，還要注意以下幾點：.積累常見的同義短語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換，掌握并運用單詞、短語和句型。“巧婦難為無米 之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識，也很難寫出概要寫 作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識上下功夫，以不變應(yīng)萬變。解構(gòu)句子結(jié) 構(gòu)的能力，并重點培養(yǎng)對語篇的速讀與關(guān)鍵信息的捕捉能力及對語篇的再造能力。.進行適度地專題練習(xí)。有計劃地進行

2、適度練習(xí)有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要 點，找到概要寫作的感覺，沖破對概要寫作的不適感。平時可多關(guān)注往年的高考閱讀文章, 進行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和主旨概括訓(xùn)練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓(xùn)練篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局，增強對文章上 下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點和框架。說明文概要寫作技巧說明文（Exposition）寫作抓住關(guān)鍵句：文章第一段和各段第一句。說明文體的閱讀材 料內(nèi)容大致可以分為以下幾類：現(xiàn)象揭示類：The article points out the common phenomenon（主題），which.（補充解釋）利弊比照類：The article compares the di

3、sadvantages/benefits of A and B. A. while B.The passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side,., but it may also. approach to dealing with plastic pollution, said Joe Franses, Vice President, Sustainability at Coca-Cola European Partners.【參考答案】With plastic wastes invading the ocean and th

4、reatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth. To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of plastic and CO2 annually. The case shows innovation b

5、ehind Coca-Colas commitment to sustainable eco- friendly packaging.【解析】這是一篇說明文概要寫作?！驹斀狻窟@篇概寫語言精練，從三方面概括了文章要點。根據(jù)第一段中Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing problem of the 21st Century with plastic waste almost everywhere.（塑料污染已經(jīng)成為21世紀(jì)最緊迫的問題之一，塑料垃圾幾乎無處不在）可知， With plastic wastes invading t

6、he ocean and threatening marine lives, plastic pollution is among the most serious problems on the earth.（隨著塑料垃圾進入海洋，威脅著海洋生物，塑料污染是地 球上最嚴(yán)重的問題之一）；根據(jù)第二段中Luckily, Coca-Cola st叩ped up to the challenge and came up with one innovative and rather effective solution.（幸運的是，可口可樂公司接受了這一 挑戰(zhàn)，并提出了一個創(chuàng)新且相當(dāng)有效的解決方案）和第

7、三段中The firm is optimistic that the move will save 2,000 tons of plastic and 3,000 tons of CO2 annuaHy.（該公司樂觀地認(rèn)為，此舉每 年將節(jié)省 2000 噸塑料和 3000 噸二氧化碳）可知,To deal with the situation. Coca-Cola thinks of a creaive solution called KeelClip, which substitutes paper board for plastic wrapping, thus saving lots of

8、 plastic and CO2 annually.（來處理這種情況。可口可樂公司想出了一種名為KeelClip的 creaive解決方案，用紙板代替塑料包裝，從而每年節(jié)省大量的塑料和二氧化碳）；再根據(jù)最 后一段中 Innovation is a key principle of our sustainable packaging work and the application of this fully recyclable paperboard KeelClipTM,（創(chuàng)新是我們可持續(xù)包裝工作的關(guān)鍵原那么,這種可完全 回收 的紙板 KeelClipTM 的應(yīng)用）可知，The case s

9、hows innovation behind Coca-Colas commitment to sustainable eco-friendly packaging這個案例展示了可口可樂公司對可持續(xù)環(huán) 保包裝的承諾背后的創(chuàng)新）演練3Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Different people ma

10、y find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one., Thafs th

11、e simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other9s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense

12、atmosphere in which its good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate （拖延）when they are studying by themselves: however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work

13、best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And its necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the weeks lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying mor

14、e fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time

15、and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere thatJ the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that its important t

16、o know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.【參考答案】Many universities encourage students to take advantage o

17、f study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best. If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in p

18、romoting the efficiency.【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了許多大學(xué)鼓勵學(xué)生利用學(xué)習(xí)小組獲得更好的成績， 在學(xué)習(xí)小組中，學(xué)生不僅可以獲得最好的學(xué)術(shù)資源，還可以激勵彼此更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。除了 規(guī)模小之外，相同的目標(biāo)和不太長的社交活動也能幫助學(xué)習(xí)小組發(fā)揮最正確效果。如果研究小 組中的成員被分配不同的角色，這將提高效率?！驹斀狻? .要點摘錄While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups.In fact, many unive

19、rsities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students.however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are lik

20、ely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right.And its necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal to prepare for a particular test, todiscuss class readings or to review the weeks lecture no

21、tes.Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted.縝密構(gòu)思將第1、2、3、4四個要點進行重組，將第5、6、7三個要點進行整

22、合。.遣詞造句Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder.Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best.If

23、you have no enough time or enough money to go, chat online with those people who are familiar with the college.【點睛】高分句型 11 Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to

24、work harder, （where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）高分句型 2 If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.（If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）演練4Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as poss

25、ible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石)for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published

26、 book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe,

27、 for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the readers borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊)：we seek only the information we want. But

28、not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship (企業(yè)家精神).Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a

29、relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the holy curiosity Of course,

30、 one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? .And if you see learning as a burden, theres no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think

31、of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.參考答案：Although curiosity is essential to humans success, its gradually neglected / increasingly rare now. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to peoples declining curiosity. Whats worse,

32、 lacking curiosity costs people innovation, entrepreneurship and even knowledge. Therefore, we should keep asking questions to dig deeper and not see it as a burden. (55 words)演練5Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 w

33、ords. Use your own words as far as possible.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and

34、make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one. Thats the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other9s brains and improve their own understanding of different p

35、roblems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which its good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate （拖延）when they are studying by themselves: however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely

36、 to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And its necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the weeks lecture no

37、tes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets gro

38、up members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere thatJ the source-seeker should ask for

39、 specifics. This person reminds the group that its important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.

40、【參考答案】Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best. If

41、 the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了許多大學(xué)鼓勵學(xué)生利用學(xué)習(xí)小組獲得更好的成績， 在學(xué)習(xí)小組中，學(xué)生不僅可以獲得最好的學(xué)術(shù)資源，還可以激勵彼此更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。除了 規(guī)模小之外，相同的目標(biāo)和不太長的社交活動也能幫助學(xué)習(xí)小組發(fā)揮最正確效果。如果研究小 組中的成員被分配不同的角色，這將提高效率。【詳解】1.要點摘錄While some would turn to tutoring in order to get bett

42、er grades, others choose to join study groups.In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students.however, by joining a study group, they

43、get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right.And its necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal to prepare for a particular

44、 test, todiscuss class readings or to review the weeks lecture notes.Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus

45、 efficiency will be promoted.2縝密構(gòu)思將第1、2、3、4四個要點進行重組，將第5、6、7三個要點進行整合。3 .遣詞造句Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder.Besides the small size, the same goa

46、l and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best.If you have no enough time or enough money to go, chat online with those people who are familiar with the college.【點睛】高分句型 1 Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can n

47、ot only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder, （where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）高分句型 2 Tf the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.(If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)演練6Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the

48、passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents9 views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay dow

49、n regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect fbr others opinions, least of all, their childrens. The sentence they say most f

50、requently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask

51、 for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything fbr their childrens sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the

52、term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their childrens interests, and listen attentively to their childrens expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a clos

53、e relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect their children as their equals. They often say: “Lets put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children

54、 welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily a

55、nd healthily.參考答案：Parents are generally classifled into three different types. The monarch-type parents are self-centered and dominant, so they usually force their opinions on children. The servant-type parents are child-centered, willing to devote everything to meeting childrens demands uncondition

56、ally. The friend-type parents are democratic and wise, who accompany their children through effective communication and joint work. Children favor the last type.Parenting differs depending on parenfs different views of life. The Monarch-type parents dont respect their children and force regulations

57、upon them. The servant-type parents willingly sacrifice everything to satisfy childrens needs and wishes. The friend-type parents, the most welcomed type, are democratic and friendly while sticking to their principles. A re-examination of parenting is necessary for childrens healthy growth.研究顯示類：The

58、 study reveals that.; The purpose of the report is to show that.說明文概要寫作模板 說明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)例文1:The Problem of PackagingA large source of rubb

59、ish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of th e total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box fo r the tube. This box is put

60、 into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a card board container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necess ary,landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Lan dfills not included, the produ