2007年考研英語真題和答案

1、2007英和SectionIUseofEnglish and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poenations.Theroughly20millionofthesenationslookedto2007英和SectionIUseofEnglish and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poenations.Theroughly20millionofthesenationslookedtotheleadersofindependencetheidealsofernment,totalent,

2、freedomofcommerceandtrade,thetoprivateproperty,aheindividualasthebasisofsociety.therewasaftthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentes,enough to be economically viable egrated by a set of laws. itionofthechurch,therewasOntheeofofreligionandless agreement the leadership. Catholicism had been the e

3、religionandtheonlyonebytheSpanishcrown.mostleaderssoughtainCatholicismthelreligionofthenewes,sometoendtheofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecameafor the conservative .Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian, valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitihadinreturn

4、toabolishhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpainscolonies.Earlytontributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuchthe new nations still needed the revenue such policies . sentimentswereoftentemperedbytthemassofthef-rule and 1. A 2. A 3. A f4. A D 5. A 6. A 7. A D 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A Awith Aallowed AS

5、ince A as A spread Asupport A Acontrolling Aslower Acreated A puzzled by hostile to pessimisticabout unprepared forPart Reading Readthefollowingfourtexts. choosingA Acontrolling Aslower Acreated A puzzled by hostile to pessimisticabout unprepared forPart Reading Readthefollowingfourtexts. choosingA,

6、B,C,orD. po s)Text Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Ifyouweretoexaminethesofeverylayer2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a quirk: elite layers are more likely to have been rmonthsofthentheEuropeannationalyouthtfeedtheWorldCupandrs,youwouldfindthisst

7、rangephenomenontobeevenmoreWhatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewa) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; wer-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichsoccerstamina;c)soccer-minspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheAnders Ericsson, a 58-year-old ps

8、ychology professor at Florida eUniversity,sayshebe vesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”Ericsson grewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhe wouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifhetopsychology.experiment,nearly30yearsago,involved“Withrson to hear and then repeat a random series

9、 of subject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigithadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andabout 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 s,coupledwithlaterresearchtmemoryitselfnot genetically determined, led Ericsson to t the act memorizingismoreofacognitive“Withrson to hear and th

10、en repeat a random series of subject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigithadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andabout 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 s,coupledwithlaterresearchtmemoryitselfnot genetically determined, led Ericsson to t the act memorizingismoreofacognitiv

11、enuitiveone.Inwords, whatever inborn two people abilities to memorize, those are ed by how well “encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoinformation meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a s known deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails n repeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspec

12、ificgoals,immediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthetheycan,notjustisticsandbiographicaldetailsalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers. Theirworkmakesa ratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwe commonlycall talent is h

13、ighly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers emoryorsurgery,balletorrogrammingarealways made, not Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamonglayersismentionedstresstheimportanceofprofes spotlight the soccer roduce the topic of what al training. heWorldCup.expert explain why some soccer teams play n T

14、he word “mania” (Line AccordingtoEricsson,good depends on meaningful proParagraph 2) most probably of n cognitive n psychological results fromuitive rather isdeterminedbygeneticrather requiresimmediatefeedbackand Ericsson and his colleagues bea high degree of ttalent is a dominating factor for al bi

15、ographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance. the role of talent tends to be overlooked.high achievers owe their s mostly to Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetries to “Faithwillmovemountains.” “One reaps what one sows.” “Practice makes perfect.” “Like father, like son.”Text Fo

16、rthepastseveralyears,theSundayrsupplementParadefeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”Peopleareinvitedtoquery MarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofabout23yearstgaveher“Faithwillmovemountains.” “One reaps what one sows.” “Practice makes perfect.” “Like father, like son.”Text Forthepastsever

17、alyears,theSundayrsupplementParadefeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”Peopleareinvitedtoquery MarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofabout23yearstgaveheranIQof228thehighestscorerecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandogies,raftersbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeduce,amongothersimilartasks.Soitis

18、abitconfusingwhench queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) Whatsthedifferencenloveandfondness?Orwhatistheofluckandcoincidence?Itsnotobvioushowthecapacitytoobjects and to figure out numerical patternve eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.passesnascoreonatest.Justdoesitmeantobesmart

19、?Howmuchelligencecanbespecified,howmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscience and other fields?ThedefiningtermelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQeventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thecomesthe woforms:theStanford-calecales (both come in adult and ). Generally costing

20、severaldreddollars,theyareusually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavantsare no ossible, because scoring is now based on a populationdistributionamongagepeers,nsimplydividingmental age by the chronological age and m

21、ultiplying by 100. Other Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the sarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.InhisarticleelligentelligenceTesting?”,yticalandverbalskillsttraditionaltestbestfailtomeasurecreativityandpractical cr

22、iticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesucknowledge, components s.Moreover,IQtestsdosarily predict so well once populations or situations ResearchhastIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsgivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,wasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadershiptis,itpredictedite.hoha

23、stoiledthroughSATwillttest-skillalsomatters,whetheritsknowingwhentoguessorwhatto Which of the following may be required in anelligencetest? Answering philosophical questions.Foldingorcuttingp ling the rodifferent n given ones. testing Choosing raphs similar to What can be inferred Paragraph3? People

24、 no longer use IQ scores as an indicator More s of IQ tests are now available on CThetestcontentsandformatsskillalsomatters,whetheritsknowingwhentoguessorwhatto Which of the following may be required in anelligencetest? Answering philosophical questions.Foldingorcuttingp ling the rodifferent n given

25、 ones. testing Choosing raphs similar to What can be inferred Paragraph3? People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator More s of IQ tests are now available on CThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybeDScientistshavedefinedtheementsof28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as

26、high as Savants thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentionalcreativity vos Savants case is ytical skills is emphasized extreme t will not haschanged. thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtests We can conclude from the last test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrela

27、ted. testing involves a lot of guesswork. traditional test are out of date.What is the authors attitude towards IQ Text Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classtcouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytotselfllyhadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip, abaddiagnosis,oradisappearing

28、spousecanreduceafamilyfrommiddle class ly poor in a few In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, ofallstripeshavedebatedthelimplicationsofthesechanges,shavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckAs a result, they have lost the parachute they once imes lsetbackaback-upearner(u

29、suallyMom)whocouldoworkforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered unemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpsbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongermade up with e from an otherwise-stay-at-home Duringthesam

30、eperiod,shavebeenaskedtoabsorboreheir e. Steelworkers, airline employees, and heautoindustryarejoiningmillionsswhomusterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshthey may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past ned to move l Securitybadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolon

31、germade up with e from an otherwise-stay-at-home Duringthesameperiod,shavebeenaskedtoabsorboreheir e. Steelworkers, airline employees, and heautoindustryarejoiningmillionsswhomusterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshthey may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past ned to move l

32、Security to a saving-m,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentspayments depending on investment returns. For younger s, pictureisnotanybetter.Bothabsolutecostofhealthcareandthe risen and newly fashionable fromlegislativehallstoWal-Martshare of it borne by s health-savings plans are work

33、ers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofrisk for s future healthcare. Even are working weakelderly lassistanceagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavinga parentandalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinan have jumped eightfold in just one Fromthemiddle-class,muchofthis,looks far less like an

34、opportunity to exercise more lresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationthe wholesale shift of lriskontotheiralreadyoverburdened not be far behind.31.lesareatgreaterfinan enjoy has lthesafety theirnettheyusedto of being off have y As are more vulnerable changes in family are result

35、of unemployment or disability Bushs reform, retired people a higher sense lesssecuredpayments. lesschancetoinvest. a guaranteed future.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill help reduce the cost of healthcare.popularize among the middle compensateforthe increase the fami It can be reduced inve

36、stment thelast politicalrisks.olitical l risks tend the middle class may face l problems may bring about political problems. l responsibility is an indicator of political Which of the following is the best title for this theAlert the Text Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justsesandboardshavefinallyouttheirwor

37、staccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedfeebleernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthemllyinAmericathesortofnastytinevitablytoheadsWhich of the following is the best title for this theAlert the Text Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justsesandboardshavefinallyouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andi

38、mprovedfeebleernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthemllyinAmericathesortofnastytinevitablytoheadsheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untiltoodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,seenasaconcernonlyof s and air travel,ssagendaindata-rich ch as informationprotectionisnowhighonof every Severalmassiveleakagesofc

39、ustomerandemployeehisyearanizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefenseScience ernational Corp and even the University California,BerkeleyhaveleftmanagershurriedlyoricateITsystemsandbusinesspro ses in search of “Datainganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyasset,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniv

40、ersitysbusinessschool. “Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,isresponsibleforonbehalfof,asthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciplesperhaps it is time ASP,Generally Accepted Security ,suggestedEliNoamofNewYorksColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingproper investment level for sec

41、urity, redundancy, and recovery is management e, echnical one,” he Themysterytthisshouldcomeasasurprisetos.Surely t mostit should be obvious to the dimmest t valuableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensiverestore and companyletting The current s justifiedbytfewthingsaremorelikelytodestr

42、oyne of al data o the wrong may have been encouraged though thelackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotfordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americandidvemaychangefast:lotsofeddata-securitylegislationissome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJuneovershadowed a hugely important a d

43、ay r by FederalTradetregulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data sement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedbusinesscompetition. oss-board relations. from news reports.severity of data AccordingtoParagraph2,anizationschecktheirsystemsfind whether there is any weak .what sort of data has been

44、 stolen. who is responsible for the how the potential spies can be 38.Inbringinguptheregulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data sement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedbusinesscompetition. oss-board relations. from news reports.severity of data AccordingtoParagraph2,anizationschecktheirs

45、ystemsfind whether there is any weak .what sort of data has been stolen. who is responsible for the how the potential spies can be 38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingtheterests should be properly attended information protection should be given due attention. businessesshouldenhancetheir

46、levelofaccountingsecurity. the market value of customer data should be emphasized.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthortfail see the link n trust and data perceive the sensitivity of realizethehighcostofdata tethe economic aldata. of trust.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5data leakage is more

47、 severe in Europe.FTCs is essential to data Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation. legal penalty is a major solution to data Part B Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhataresup fromthe theedtodotoguidetheiroadulthood.Choosealist AG (41-45).Thetbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartof

48、and last paragraphs of the text are notnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadings your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 tyoudonotneedtouse.Mark Seta le for Your Kids Work Limits on Leisure the onaRegularBasis Out Who They Kids Develop Co Your Kids Build Your Kids Sense of How Can a Parent fortheirkids.Evenifaj

49、obsstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfy anemergingfortheirkids.Evenifajobsstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfy anemergingadultsneedforra content,thetransitionfromschool toworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthe move.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,Heret parents can take

50、to prevent what I call “work-You can start this proswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreview theiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetherings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwelloroffer clues to the ereststheykeepcomingbackto,asthese t will fit them best.Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolesasedtome

51、mberstheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-saboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyDiscussthejoysanddownsidesofyourown careerandencourageyourkids toformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywantto do,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theychangetheirmin

52、ds200times,bu is of little good.vingonlyafoggyviewoftheTeachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshould be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign around the house and make deadlines are met. gratification and deploying effectiveanizational skills, such astime and setting TVga

53、mesencouragesimmediatecontent.Andhoursofwithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstossiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestosamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinside theirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivities canpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthink

54、ingskillsand makeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedthey will need for Theyshouldknowhowto inadequacy. They dealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsof alsolearn how to solve problems and s,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.satcanhelpkidsngthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseto everyday life Whata

55、boutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobeandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhavea majorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobenottocomeacrossasheirchild.Theyshoulderestand respect for whatever erests fledgingadultandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhave

56、a majorroletoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobenottocomeacrossasheirchild.Theyshoulderestand respect for whatever erests fledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, tadultsmustttheyarerespectedandsupportedbyaPart tes Read the text

57、carefully and then translate the . Your translation should be written clearly o ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasadisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearseafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadian(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchasthe

58、lpreserveoflawyers,nasarypartofellectualequipmentofan.Happily,theolderandcontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumber of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcel ofageneraleducation

59、,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlyto journalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesjudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiesyzesuchas justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these journalistsFor le, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and erest are at he s

60、of journalistic judgment productionjustasin courtsoflaw. Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbing and reflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalists ellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea t the journalist must understand the law n an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of esta