全國疾控衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急培訓(xùn)之6-Emergencyexercises演練基本知識（美國疾控中心）課件

1、Lesson #1課程 #1Exercise Basics演練基本知識Centers for Disease Control and Prevention美國疾病預(yù)防控制中心Objectives 具體目標(biāo)After completing Lesson 1, you will be able to: 在完成課程1后，你將能夠： Distinguish between different exercise types. 區(qū)分不同類型的演練Identify the main goals for conducting exercises. 確定開展演練的主要目的 Describe the buildi

2、ng block approach to exercises. 描述開展演練的模塊化方法Lesson 1- Exercise basics 練習(xí)1-演練基本知識Exercise Something performed or practiced in order to develop, improve, or display a specific power or skill. 演練- 為發(fā)展、提高或者展示特定的能力或技能而開展的活動-Merriam-Websters Dictionary Disaster exercise programs防災(zāi)演練Disaster exercise progr

3、ams should: 防災(zāi)演練應(yīng)該：begin with an assessment of risk and capabilities 首先對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和能力進(jìn)行評估focus on specific capabilities within the plan rather than specific threats 注重預(yù)案中的特定能力而不是特定威脅result in improved execution of the plan through training and revision of the plan 最后通過培訓(xùn)和預(yù)案修訂以提高預(yù)案執(zhí)行能力Reasons for conducting

4、exercises實(shí)施演練的原因Evaluate operations and plans. 評估實(shí)際操作和預(yù)案Reinforce teamwork. 加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作Demonstrate resolve to prepare for emergencies and disasters. 驗(yàn)證處置突發(fā)事件和災(zāi)難的解決能力Clarify roles and responsibilities. 明確職責(zé)Reasons for conducting exercises實(shí)施演練的原因Improve interagency coordination. 提高部門間協(xié)作Find resource gaps.

5、找出資源差距Develop individual performance. 提高個人能力Identify opportunities for improvement 有機(jī)會完善預(yù)案Types of Exercises演練類型 Discussion-based exercises 討論式的演練 Tabletop exercise 桌面推演 Operations-base exercises 操作式的演練 Drills 操練 Functional exercise 專項(xiàng)演練 Full Scale exercise 綜合演練Discussion-based exercises討論式的演練Provid

6、e a forum for discussing or developing plans, agreements, training and procedures. 舉辦一個討論會，進(jìn)行討論和編寫預(yù)案，取得共識，開展培訓(xùn)及梳理流程Are generally less complicated that operations-based types. 通常沒操作式演練那么復(fù)雜Typically focus on strategic, policy-oriented issues. 通常關(guān)注策略性、政策導(dǎo)向性問題Do not involve deployment of resources. 不涉及動

7、用資源Primarily Tabletop Exercises主要是桌面推演Tabletop exercises桌面推演 Involve senior staff, government officials, or other key personnel 涉及資深的工作人員，政府官員或者其他關(guān)鍵人物Informal group discussion 非正式小組討論Used to test existing plans, policies, or procedures without incurring the high costs 用于檢驗(yàn)現(xiàn)有預(yù)案、政策或操作流程，而無需花費(fèi)太多Allows

8、participants to work through a problem without the pressure of an operations-based exercise 允許參與人員在沒有操作式演練的壓力下處理問題Goals of a tabletop exercise: 桌面推演的目標(biāo):In a tabletop exercise, participants: 在桌面推演中，參與人員：Identify strengths and shortfalls. 發(fā)現(xiàn)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Enhance understanding of new concepts. 增進(jìn)對新概念的理解 Seek to

9、change existing attitudes and perspectives. 尋求改變現(xiàn)有態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的機(jī)會Tabletop exercise conduct characteristics:桌面推演的特征： Requires an experienced facilitator. 需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的輔助人員 In-depth discussion. 深度的討論 Slow-paced problem solving. 慢速地解決問題Operations-based exercises操作式的演練 Deployment of resources and personnel. 動用資源和人力 M

10、ore complex than discussion- based. 比討論式的演練更加復(fù)雜 Require execution of plans, policies, agreements, and procedures. 需要執(zhí)行預(yù)案、政策、共識和操作流程Drills 操練A supervised activity that tests a specific operation or function of a single agency. 一種監(jiān)督下的行為，此行為用于檢驗(yàn)單一機(jī)構(gòu)特定的運(yùn)作或功能Goals of a drill: 操練的目的：In a drill, participan

11、ts: 在操練中，參與人員： Get training on new equipment. 得到新裝備的培訓(xùn) Test new procedures. 檢驗(yàn)新的操作流程 Practice and maintain skills. 練習(xí)和維護(hù)技能Prepare for more complex exercises. 準(zhǔn)備更加復(fù)雜的演練Functional exercise專項(xiàng)演練 A functional exercise is a single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate capabilities and multiple fun

12、ctions using simulated response. 專項(xiàng)演練是單個或者多個機(jī)構(gòu)的行為，該行為通過假設(shè)的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)來評價能力和多種功能Goals of a functional exercise:專項(xiàng)演練的目的：In an functional exercise, participants: 在專項(xiàng)演練中，參與人員： Evaluate management of Emergency Operations Centers, command posts, and headquarters. 評估應(yīng)急指揮中心、指揮所和指揮部的管理 Assess the capacity of respon

13、se plans and resources. 評估應(yīng)急預(yù)案和資源的能力Functional exercise conduct characteristics: 專項(xiàng)演練的特征：Simulated deployment of resources and personnel. 假設(shè)動用了資源和人力 Rapid problem solving. 快速解決問題 Highly stressful environment. 高度緊張環(huán)境Full scale exercise 綜合演練 A full-scale exercise is a high-stress multi-agency, multi-j

14、urisdictional activity involving actual deployment of resources in a coordinated response, as if a real incident had occurred. 綜合演練是高度緊張的多機(jī)構(gòu)跨領(lǐng)域的行為，該行為在協(xié)調(diào)處置情況下實(shí)際動用資源，就像突發(fā)事件真的發(fā)生一樣。Goals of a full scale exercise: 綜合演練的目標(biāo)：In an full scale exercise, participants: 在綜合演練中，參與人員： Assess plans and procedures

15、under crisis conditions. 在危機(jī)下評估預(yù)案和操作流程 Evaluate coordinated responses under crisis conditions. 在危機(jī)下評估協(xié)同處置能力Full scale exercise conduct characteristics:綜合演練的特征：Mobilization of units, personnel, and equipment. 動用部門、人員和設(shè)備Scripted exercise scenario. 設(shè)定的演練場景Stressful, realistic environment 緊張真實(shí)的環(huán)境Summary

16、 of Exercise Characteristics演練特征的概要Drills (operations-based)操練 （操作式）Test a specific operation or function of a single agency; 檢驗(yàn)單個機(jī)構(gòu)特定的運(yùn)作或功能Gain training on new equipment, test new procedures, practice and maintain skills. 獲得新裝備的培訓(xùn)，檢驗(yàn)新的操作流程，練習(xí)和維持技能Prepare for more complex exercises. 準(zhǔn)備更加復(fù)雜的演練Summary

17、 of Exercise Characteristics演練特征的概要Functional (operations-based)專項(xiàng)（操作式）A single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate capabilities, multiple functions.為單個或多個機(jī)構(gòu)的行為，該行為用于評估能力和多種功能Simulated deployment of resources and personnel.假設(shè)動用資源和人力Requires rapid problem solving, highly stressful environme

18、nt. 需要快速解決問題，高度緊張的環(huán)境The Building Block Approach模塊化方法- Exercises should be conducted as part of the preparedness cycle 演練應(yīng)作為應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備循環(huán)的一部分 - Exercise beginning from the most simple type to the most complex 演練從最簡單的類型開始到最復(fù)雜的類型- Build on the experience of the previous exercise 基于以往演練的經(jīng)驗(yàn) (Remember to consider the time & money involved for each type of exercise