大英綜合3Test4答案和注釋

1、綜合B3U4小測答案PartIReadingComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyalette

2、r.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AlbertEinsteinwas1_.Forthethirdnightinarow,hisbabysonHans,crying,keptthehousehold2_untildawn.WhenAlbertfinally3_,itwastimetogetupandgotowork.Hecouldnt4_aday.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.Walking5_tothePatentOffice,wherehewasa“TechnicalExpert,T

3、hirdClass,”Albertworriedabouthismother.Shewasgettingolderand6_,andshedidnt7_hismarriagetoMileva.Relationswere8_.Albert9_apassingshopwindow.Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.Work.Family.10_.Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.exhaustedB)disdainC)awakeD)dozedo

4、ffE)skipF)brisklyG)passionatelyH)frailI)baffleJ)approveofK)glancedatL)intuitionM)stimulateN)MakingendsmeetO)strained正確答案：1-10ACDEFHJOKNSectionBDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD

5、).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,w

6、aspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument11.Voice

7、shavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthe19thcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy.“Giveitback,saysomeofthevoices,”Itdoesntreallywork,wevetrieditanditdoesntwork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartag

8、ainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman.”Theprincipaldiscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertaintyNewtonianmechanics,forexamplehaveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganti

9、cpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.12JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewand

10、thelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtodaysimagining.13It

11、isnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.14Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneral

12、wewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimousl

13、y(無異議地，全體一致地).Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.正確答案：CTheprincipaldiscoveryinthiscenturyshows.manhasoverthrownNewtonslawsofphysicsmanhassolvedanewsetofgiganticpuzzlesmanhaslostmanyscientificdiscoveriesmanhasgivenupsomeoftheonceacceptedtheo

14、ries正確答案：DNowscientistshavefoundinthepastfewyears.theexposureofDNAtothepublicisunnecessarythetinycellinDNAisaneatlittlemachinemanknowsnothingaboutDNAmanhasmuchtolearnaboutDNA正確答案：DThewritersmainpurposeinwritingthepassageistosaythat.scienceisjustatitsbeginningsciencehasgreatlyimprovedmanslifescienceh

15、asmadeprofoundprogresssciencehasdonetoolittletohumanbeings正確答案：AThewritersattitudetowardsscienceis.criticalapprovingneutralregretful正確答案：CPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareundersto

16、odbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersontoonessideinthePhilippines,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidn

17、otbothertofindoutthatGiftmeanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarmslengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeof

18、thedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguageofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.16,20EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguageonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingual(多語的)guidedtour

19、s.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupare

20、conditionedbythosenativesusuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenationsdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.17,18Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryoftheworld,thedistributorofneed

21、edfundsandgoods.Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.19A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcen

22、tury,eventoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobablystandstilljumpasidestepforwarddrawback正確答案：DTheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir.culturalself-centerednesscasualmannersindifferencetowardsforeignvisito

23、rsarrogancetowardsothercultures正確答案：AIncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans.areisolatedbythelocalpeoplearenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarriertendtogetalongwellwiththenativesneedinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants正確答案：BAccordingtotheauthor,Americansculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewillaffe

24、cttheirimageintheneweracutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldlimittheirroleinworldaffairsweakenthepositionoftheUSdollar正確答案：CTheauthorsintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriendsitisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairsitisnecessarytous

25、eseverallanguagesinpublicplacesitistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures正確答案：DPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(11minutes)Directions:Thereareanumberofincompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thesafedisposalofwasteisalegal

26、requirementratherthananindustryrelyingonsummerchoice,somost_disposalcompanieswillnotbethreatenedbytheeconomicrecession.gardengarbageC.gallery畫廊，走廊D.garlic大蒜；蒜頭Afterreadingthenewsabouther,thepopstar_thereporterviolentlyformakingupthestoryandspreadingtherumors.causedB.curved使彎曲；使成曲線C.cursed詛咒；咒罵D.cure

27、dOneoftheaimsofmodernnaturalscienceisto_upuniversalprinciplesorlawsfrompiecesofdata.workwakewaitwalk24Grammahasgotahighfever;doyouthinkweshould_forthedoctor?sellsettlesetD.sendfor召喚；派人去?。簧暾?；訂購Cathy_downthewell-paidjobbecauseitinvolvedtoomanybusinesstrips.tookturnedtunedtonedItisthemiddleofthesemeste

28、randallstudentsaremaking_effortstomeetthedeadlinesoftheirassignments.supremeadj.（程度）很大的；最高的；至高的；最重要的suppersummaryadj.概括的，總結(jié)的；即刻的，立即的surpriseThedoctorsandthenursesarekeepingthepatientunderclose_onaccountofhiscriticaloperation.obedientadj.順從的，服從的observationunderobservation（尤指病人或嫌疑犯）在觀察中；在監(jiān)視中obligation

29、義務，責任occupation職業(yè)，工作；占有，占領(lǐng)MoreandmoreEnglishteacherswouldliketo_thecommunicativeapproachtotheirteaching.adaptvi.適應于，適應不同情況（或環(huán)境）（to）vt.改編，改寫；改變以適合（for）adhereto粘附；遵循，堅持adoptadobeadj.用土坯建造的Notalltwinsare_inthedetailsoftheirinterests.alikelikealivealightadj.點亮的；燒著的alike,like,similar,comparable,parallel,

30、uniform,identical這些形容詞均有“相似的，類似的”之意。alike：指事物在性質(zhì)、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似。普通用詞，只作表語。like:普通用詞，含義廣泛，指多個或全部特性都相似，但并非同一個，也可指在某個特殊的偶然相似。similar:強調(diào)不同的人或事物之間完全或部分相似，暗示可暫不考慮或無視其差異之處。comparable:指在某一點或幾點上有相似之處，可作有限或粗略的對比，尤指在價值或能力等方面可相提并論。parallel:主要指在外表或在性質(zhì)上相似到有可以相提并論的程度。uniform:指在性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、形態(tài)或程度等方面相似到很難看出差異的地步。identic

31、al：語氣最強，可指同一個人或物，也可指數(shù)個人或物之間完全沒有差別。Explorershavefoundanother_whichhasrichmineralsinthewesternChina.lobby門廳，大廳；休息室；投票廳locklodging出租的房間；暫??；寄宿；借宿localityplace,position,spot,situation,site,location,locality,setting,scene這些名詞均含“地點，位置，場所”之意。place:含義廣泛，最普通用詞，既可指很小的地點，又可指很大很遠的地方或場所。position:多指物體相對于其他物體所處的位置或

32、狀態(tài)。spot:指相對較小的特定地點或事物所在地。situation:指物體在其周圍環(huán)境中所處的位置或狀態(tài)，側(cè)重地點或場所的環(huán)境特征。site:指或大或小的地方，既可指供專門用途或特定活動的地點，又可指某一事件的地址。location:指某物設置的方向或地點。locality：指某物所處的客觀位置和周圍地區(qū)。setting：一般特指戲劇或小說所寫的環(huán)境或場所scene：常指真實事件或虛構(gòu)故事發(fā)生的地點。AfterArabwonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys_togotosch

33、ool.tobeencouragedareencouragedbeingencouragedbeencouragedwasoriginallyestablishedtohonorAmericanswhohadservedinWorldWarI.A.VeteransDay美國老兵紀念日MayDayValentinesDayNationalDayEverymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,thecolourofhisskin.withtheexceptionof除以外B.inthelightof鑒于，由于，按照byvirtueof憑借的

34、力量，由于因為regardlessof不管，不顧Theoldcoupledecidedtoaboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.adapt撫養(yǎng)孩子并使其適應社會：Webothfeltthetownwastheperfectplacetobringupafamily.撫養(yǎng)孩子并使其適應社會：Webothfeltthetownwastheperfectplacetobringupafamily.receiveD.adopt收養(yǎng)；采用，采取，采納Itreallymethewayhekeepsdrumminghisfingersontheta

35、ble.bugs打擾，煩惱；折磨，使痛苦reserves儲備；保留；預約accounts認為；把視作interferesvi.干預，干涉；調(diào)停，排解；妨礙，打擾interfere,intervene,meddle這些動詞均含“干涉，干預”之意。interfere：側(cè)重指無權(quán)或未獲允許而妨礙、阻擾、干涉他人之事。intervene：書面用詞，指介入爭端，進行調(diào)停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle：指干預與自己毫不相關(guān)的事或不屬于自己職責范圍的事，隱含未經(jīng)許可或授權(quán)。可與interfere換用。36.Girls_80percentofthestudentsinmostclassesinthenorm

36、aluniversity.takeaccountofaccountformakeforaremadeupof考慮說明（原因、理由等）；導致，引起；（在數(shù)量、比例上）占；對負責走向；前往；沖向；有利于構(gòu)成，組成Whiletryingtocrosstheroadwiththeredlighton,themanwasbyabusandtakentothehospitalnearbybyataxidriver.A.knockedoff停止工作，倉促或輕易地完成、做完或處理，【非正式用語】除掉；消除，【俚語】持槍搶劫，攔路搶劫knockeddown擊倒在地，拆卸，【非正式用語】削減價格等knockeda

37、gainst相撞，碰擊(+against)Hislegsknockedagainstthechair.他的兩條腿撞到了椅子。敲，擊，打(+on/at)Heknockedatthedoorandentered.他敲了敲門便走進去了。knockedoutHisangermayhavesincehelookscheerfultoday.fadedawayfadedupfadeddownfadedout淡出：逐漸消失反fadedinMr.Copperfieldoftenwearsalongfaceintheofficesomuchsothathiscolleaguesdontthinkthatheis

38、astaff.fashionableaccountable負有責任的exchangeableapproachable可親近的；可接近的Anaccidenttheboyfromplayingfootballwhenhewasnineyearsold.hurtdisabled使無能力；使殘廢，使傷殘unabledamagedhurt，injure，wound，harm，damage，disable這些動詞均有“損害，傷害”之意。hurt：普通用詞，較口語化，側(cè)重指給有生命的東西造成機體上或精神、感情上的或輕或重的傷害。wound：專指對身體的重傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)斗中受的傷，強調(diào)外部創(chuàng)傷；也可指精神方面的

39、傷害。harm：主要用于有生命的東西，語氣略強于injure，指引起嚴重的痛苦和損傷；有時也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。damage：通常指對無生命物體的損害，并有降低其價值，破壞其功能等的后果。disable：強調(diào)使傷殘。Peopleappreciatewithhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.toworktohaveworkedworkinghavingworked正確答案：Cappreciate，enjoy這兩個動詞均含“欣賞”之意。appreciate:多用于文學方面，強調(diào)對事物有深入的理解能力，且能鑒賞。enjoy:普通用詞，使用廣泛，程度不及a

40、ppreciate,多指從外界事物中得到喜悅與滿足，領(lǐng)略到樂趣，享受意味強。Hegivespeopletheimpressionallhislifeabroad.ofhavingspenttohavespentofbeingspenttospend正確答案：A他給人們一種印象，(好像他曾經(jīng))一輩子都在外國呆過(一樣)。Thestudentswritingshowsplentyof.A)insensitivity不靈敏；不敏感B)insensibility沒有知覺，不在乎，不關(guān)心；無感情C)indifference不重視，不在乎，漠不關(guān)心；冷淡D)imagination正確答案：DYouwill

41、neverknowwhata(n)shewastoallaroundher.admiration欽佩，贊美B)inspiration靈感；鼓舞人心的人或事C)calculationD)innocence清白；天真無邪正確答案：B45.Hecouldherfaceatwill.他隨便什么時候都能回想起她的模樣來。A)scatter分散，驅(qū)散isolateconfuseD)evoke引起；喚起正確答案：DThesongevokedafeelingofloveinthelisteners.這首歌喚起聽眾愛的感覺.Asmallchildhastolearntokeepitsbeforehecanwal

42、kfar.baggageblockborderbalance正確答案：DItgoesthattheoldcouplelovedtheircountrydeeply.beyondbeliefbeyonddoubtoverdoubtoverbelief正確答案：BHedressedtooformally,whichmadehimlooka_outofplaceattheclassunion.trifletinysortfew正確答案：Aatrifle有點兒，稍微atriflestingy有點兒小氣Thebrainstorminclassafreeexchangeofideas.constituted構(gòu)成，組成stimulus刺激物C)stimulated刺激；激勵D)startled使震驚，使大吃一驚正確答案：CGeneralMotors,_onincreas