英漢諺語(yǔ)的比較

1、英漢諺語(yǔ)的比擬keyrdsprverbs;siilarities;differenes;interfusin摘要諺語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)重要組成部分，是各國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)中的一朵奇葩。諺語(yǔ)表達(dá)了語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系。由于人類(lèi)的普遍社會(huì)活動(dòng)和心理思維過(guò)程有許多共同之處，因此英漢諺語(yǔ)也存在著一樣之處。但由于各國(guó)詳細(xì)歷史文化背景的不同，所以英漢諺語(yǔ)又存在著差異。本文分析了英漢諺語(yǔ)的一樣點(diǎn)與不同點(diǎn)，并提出英漢諺語(yǔ)在跨文化交際中的浸透與交融。英漢諺語(yǔ)有著一樣的起源和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。都來(lái)自民間生活，神話傳說(shuō)，文學(xué)作品和外來(lái)語(yǔ)。英漢諺語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言具有簡(jiǎn)煉和生動(dòng)形象的特點(diǎn)。但從詳細(xì)內(nèi)容來(lái)看，英漢諺語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)了不同的地理、歷史、宗教和

2、文化價(jià)值觀念。最后指出隨著世界文化的交流，諺語(yǔ)逐漸打破國(guó)家和民族的界限，英漢諺語(yǔ)在互相浸透與交融。關(guān)鍵詞諺語(yǔ)；一樣點(diǎn)；不同點(diǎn)；交融1.intrdutinthedefinitinfprverbbyxfrdadvanedlearnersenglish-hineseditinaryis“shrtell-knnsayingthatstatesageneraltruthrgivesadvie.2.siilaritiesbeteenenglishandhineseprverbsthesiilaritiesbeteenenglishandhineseprverbsainlylieintheirriginsa

3、ndlinguistiharaters.2.1siilarriginsprverbsarenise,vividandnshrtsenteneshihbeusedandpassednrally.theyarethesuingupftheexperieneintheprdutinstruggleandthesiallifeandtherystalfisd.4anenglishprverbitselftellsusthat“prverbsarethedaughterfexperiene.frtheseeanfindthatenglishandhineseprverbsenjythesiilarrig

4、in:theybthriginatefrpeplesdailylifeandexperiene.speifiallyspeaking,theybthefrflklife,ythlgy,literaryrksandfrtherlanguages.farersreatedthefllingprverbs:(1)akehayhilethesunshines.(2)aprilrainyfrrn,ayfrgrass.(3)肥不過(guò)春雨,瘦不過(guò)秋霜。(4)春天不忙，秋后無(wú)糧。rkenreatedthefllingprverbs:(5)strikehiletheirnisht.(6)agdanvildesnt

5、fearthehaer.(7)木匠怕漆匠，漆匠怕光亮。huntersreatedthefllingprverbs:(8)hethatisafraidfeverybushillneverprveagdhuntsan.(9)上山打虎心要狠，下海提龍心要齊。businessenreatedthefllingprverbs:(10)yupayyurneyandtakeyurhie.(11)貨有上下三等價(jià)，客無(wú)遠(yuǎn)近一樣待。ary-enreatedthefllingprverbs:(12)agdgeneralakegden.(13)養(yǎng)兵千日，用在一時(shí)。theseerefirstusedbyaliitedg

6、rupfpepleinthesaefields.beausetheyarephilsphialllquialis,latertheygraduallygainedideaeptaneandpartlybeaepartfthenrnflanguageandarenusedinanythersituatins.(14)ifearthegreeks,evenhenbringinggifts.(frtheell-knnstryfthetrjanhrsebyhihthegreekstktheityftry.)(15)yuanntakeaeruryfeverydg.(frranythlgy.iteanst

7、hatnteveryindillanserequallyelltbetrainedintashlar).(16)thefxsaidthegrapeseresur.(frthefablesfaesp.iteansthatnesaidsethingisbadhenneanntgetit.)(17)八仙過(guò)海，各顯神通。fr?八仙過(guò)海?(18)過(guò)著牛郎織女的生活。fraflklegend(19)“thebiterissetiesbit.isfrshakespeareshalet.ittellspeplethatthsehdbadthingstthersillbringtheselvestruble.(

8、20)“allisntgldthatglitters.isfrshakespearestheerhantsfvenie.iteansthatthsehhaveagdappearanearentneessarilyprfundrlearned.isfradistinguishedenglishphilspherandriterbansnreading.ittellspeplethatreading,nfereneandritinganakeapersnlearned,sharpandpreise.and(22)“thehildhdshstheanisfriltnsparadiseregained

9、.anyhineseprverbsarefrlassihineseliteraryrks.thefurgreatrks:thepilgriagettheest,thethreekingds,adreafredansinsandthearshrebellinarethestppularlassisinhina.suhas:(23)溫故而知新。(bystudyingtheldnelearnssethingne)-?論語(yǔ)?(seletedreading)(24)三個(gè)臭皮匠頂個(gè)諸葛亮。(threebblersiththeiritsbinedequalzhugeliangtheaster-theisdf

10、theassesexeedsthatftheisestindividual.)-?三國(guó)演義?(thethreekingds)(25)三十六計(jì),走為上計(jì)。(fthethirty-sixstratages,thebestisrunningaay.)-?水滸傳?(thearshrebellin)(26)謀事在人,成事在天。(anprpses;gddispses.)-?紅樓夢(mèng)?(adreafredansins)(27)說(shuō)曹操,曹操到。(talkfthedevilandheissuretappear.)-?三國(guó)演義?(thethreekingds)literature,asairrrfsiallife,

11、isanthersurefprverbs.anysentenesintheseliteraryrksarefullfisdandeasytbereebered,spepleliketheandusetheagainandagain.atlast,theybeetheprverbsandareidelyused.eansaythatprverbsarethereaftheliteraryrks.(28)artislng,lifeisshrt.(29)theishisfathertthethught.selatinprverbsaretransferredintenglish.frexapleen

12、glishpeplehavegt(30)“snripe,snrttenfr“itaturuitputridu.anyenglishprverbsefrfrenh.frexaple,englishpeplehavegt(31)“henthefxpreahes,takeareffyurgeesefr“quandlerenardseetapreher,gardeauxpules.englishprverbsalsefrfreignritersrks.frexaple,(32)“nstantdrippingearsaaythestne.isfrranpetvid.hinesepeplehavealsg

13、tseprverbsfrtherlanguages.suhas(33)“吃不到葡萄說(shuō)葡萄酸isfr“thegrapesaresur.(34)“誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好isfr“hehlaughslastlaughsbest.(35)“條條大路通羅馬isfr“allradsleadtre.thesehavebeenaeptedbyhinesepepleandbeehineseprverbs.frabveeanfindutthatenglishandhineseprverbshavesiilarriginsfrflklife,ythlgy,literaryrksandfrtherlanguages.

14、frthesesiilarriginseanseethatenglishandhinesepeplehavesiilarsialativitiesandetinalrefletinandbservatinftherld.2.2siilarlinguistiharatersprverbsarereatedbynpepleandrallyhandeddnfrgeneratintgeneratinagainandagain.englishandhineseprverbsareniseandvivid.(36)easyeeasyg.(37)npainsngains.(38)人勤地不懶。(39)人心齊泰

15、山移。prverbsaresipleandshrtsentenes,stheyanbereeberedandhandeddnfrgeneratintgeneratin.prverbsuserhetrialdeviestattratthereadersdeeply.anyhineseandenglishprverbsusethesaerhetrialdeviessuhassiile,etaphr,repetitinandhyperble,et.siileisusedveryfrequently.itisafigurefspeeh,inhiharerlessfanifulrunrealistipa

16、risnisade,using“l(fā)iker“as.6hereareseexaples:(40)割麥如救火。(41)剩秧如剩草，缺秧如缺寶。(42)agdfriendisasthesunininter.(43)ablakpluisasseetasahite.(44)tieisfatherftruth.(45)failureisthetherfsuess.(46)一寸光陰一寸金。(47)謊話怕真理，黑暗怕陽(yáng)光。(48)哪個(gè)老虎不吃人，哪個(gè)地主不狠心。(49)anylrds,anylas.grkysaidthat,“thetrueartisauthrizedtexaggerate.(50)athus

17、andyearsanntrepairaentslssfhnr.(51)谷子栽得稀，不夠喂小雞。theexaggeratinisntfalse.itesfrthetruefeelingsandbasesnreality.8apartfrtheabverhetrialdevies,therearetherdevies.theyareantithesis,synedhe,persnifiatin,et.theusefrhetrialdeviesakesprverbsfresh,hurus,ipliitandfullfit.thughenglishandhineseprverbsenjythesiil

18、arrigins,theyalshavedifferenesintheirdetailedntents.eilldisusstheirdifferenesfrthefllingaspets:differentgegraphy;differenthistryusts;differentreliginsanddifferentvaluenepts.3.differenesbeteenenglishandhineseprverbs3.1refletingdifferentgegraphyanatinsgegraphialenvirnentisafraerkinhihalanguageandultur

19、ehavebeendevelping.thegegraphialfeaturesfauntryareinevitablyrefletedinthenatinallanguageingeneralandprverbsinpartiular.10(52)thebestfishsellhentheyarethreedaysld.(53)allatsea.(54)beingnthesea,sail;beingntheland,settle.(55)letanthersshiprekbeyurnavigatinark.(56)春雨貴如油。rainduringspringtieispreiusasil.(

20、57)種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。asapanss,sshallhereap.(58)人勤地不懶。(ifanisdiligent,silisntidle.)(59)瑞雪兆豐年。(asnyear,arihyear.)(60)一粒下地,萬(wàn)粒歸倉(cāng)。(frnegrainsninttheearth,nethusandgrainsillspring.)(61)前人種樹(shù),后人乘涼。(anestrsplanttreeshiledesendantsenjythelunderthetreeshadeenjyingthefruitsflabrfnesanestrs.)frabve,eanseethatenglishandh

21、ineseprverbsreflettheirdifferentgegraphialnditins.englandisanislanduntry,sanyenglishprverbsareabut“sea,“fish,“shipandsn.hileanyhineseprverbsareabutagriulture,suhas“豆，“雪，“倉(cāng)，“地,et.3.2refletingdifferenthistryustseahnatinhasitsnhistry.sineprverbsarehistrialprduts,theyayrefletseaspetsfthenatinalhistry.ak

22、nightreferstaangiventherankfknighthdbythebritishnarh.thereareanylegendsabuttheenglishknights(e.g.:kingarthurandhisgreenknights)intheanientties;and(63)“frhippingpsttpillry.ahippingpstisapstthihapersnastiedfrapublihippingandapillryisadenfraerkiththreehlesinthihtheheadandhandsfanffendererelked,expsingh

23、itpubliabuseandridiule.11(64)只許州官放火,不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。(theagistratesarefreetburndnhuses,hilethenpeplearefrbiddeneventlightlaps.theperfulandhattheyant,theeakarentalledtdanything.)(65)朱門(mén)酒肉臭,路有凍死骨。(behindthereddrseatandinegtastehileutntheradsliethebnesfthefrzen.)(66)嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗。(arryakandfllthek,arryadgandfllthedg.

24、flltheanyuarry,beheflrur.)12frabveeanseethatenglishandhineseprverbsrefletthedifferenthistry.englishprverbsarerelatedtkingandknighthilehineseprverbsrefletthehinesepeplesgrudgeandresistanetrulers.3.3refletingdifferentreliginsenglishpeplebelieveinhristianityanditisthestinfluentialreliginintheest.anyeng

25、lishprverbsrefletenglishpeplesreligiusfaithandanyftheareabut“gd,“devil,“heaven,“hurh,“rssand“hell.e.g.:(67)asprasthehurhuse.(68)gdhelpsthsehhelptheselves.(69)thedevilanitesripturefrhispurpse.(70)bettergtheaveninragsthanthellinebridering.(71)theaytheavenisbyeepingrss.theprverbsabveareapparentlyrelate

26、dthristianity,beauseinthe“gd,“devil,“heaven,“hurh,“rssand“hellappearhiharetheebdientsfhristianity.inntrast,buddhisisthestppularreligininhina.anyprverbsareabutbuddhissuhas:(72)平時(shí)不燒香,臨時(shí)抱佛腳。(neverburninginensehenallisell,butlaspingbuddhasfeetinaneergeny.)(73)跑得了和尚,跑不了廟。(thenkayrunaay,butthetepleantruni

27、thhi.afugitiveustbelngtseplaethatanprvidelues.)(74)泥菩薩過(guò)河,自身難保。(likealayidlfrdingariver-hardlyabletsavene.)(75)放下屠刀,立地成佛。(thebutherhlaysdnhisknifeatnebeesabuddha.)(76)一人得道，雞犬升天。(77)道高一尺，魔高一丈，et.hilehinesepeplebelievedinbuddhisandtais,sanyhineseprverbsareabut“佛and“道。3.4refletingdifferentvalueneptsthed

28、ifferenesbeteenhineseandesternvalueneptsainlylieinindividualisandlletive.(78)gdhelpsthsehhelptheselves.(79)hehelpslittlethathelpsnthiself.thesetprverbsillustratetheindividualrle.therds“theselvesand“hiselfshthatindependeneplaysaniprtantrleintheirlife.(80)everyanisthearhitetfhisnfrtune.(81)ifyuantathi

29、ngelldne,dityurself.thesetprverbsattahiprtanetindependeneandself-reliane.self-relianeipelspepletreatepprtunities,seekpetitinandbereadyfrrisks.(82)“itisthesqueakyheelthatgetstheil.givesprinenettheindividualis.(83)“everyanafterhisfashin.laysstressnindividualdifferenes.,“destyand“l(fā)ve(84)“孤樹(shù)結(jié)成林不怕風(fēng)吹，滴水集成

30、海不怕日曬。shsthestrengthflletiverunin.(85)“四海之內(nèi)皆兄弟。refletstheiprtanefutualhelpandreliane.(86)“互相協(xié)助事好辦，各自揣私心事難成。laysstressntheharniushuanrelatinship.(87)“忍一時(shí)風(fēng)平浪靜，退一步海闊天空。suggeststhatpepleshuldsavethethersidesfae.hinesetraditinalvaluenepthasbeengreatlyipatediththeinputfindividualis.(89)“一個(gè)和尚挑水吃；兩個(gè)和尚抬水吃；三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水吃isntrarythineselletivetendeny.inspiteftheseexeptins,theirainstreasarenthanged.englishandhineseprverbshaveanysiilaritiesanddifferenes.iththeuniatinfrldulture,prverbsillbreakthebundaryfstatesandnatins,prtetheulturalnvergeneandahieveinterfusin.englishandhin