完形填空解題技巧演示文稿

1、完形填空解題技巧演示文稿第一頁，共五十九頁。完形填空解題技巧第二頁，共五十九頁。 【考綱要求與說明】 完形填空全面考查學生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)之上運用詞匯和語法的能力和水平。 解題過程要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容，區(qū)分結(jié)構(gòu)的層次和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系，對語篇中的缺失信息進行猜測、推斷、驗證的過程，通常我們可以借助語篇的上下文線索以及文化背景知識等進行解題。閱讀過程中多注意體會作者的寫作意圖，加強分析推理能力。第三頁，共五十九頁。1. 以敘為主, 敘議結(jié)合;2. 篇章短小, 意義完整;3. 首句完整, 主題明確;4. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰, 層次分明;5. 考查語境, 側(cè)重辨析;6. 實詞為主, 虛詞為輔;7. 邏輯推理

2、, 隱于語篇;8. 常識語法, 經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。形散意不散 貌離神不離【高考完型命題特點】第四頁，共五十九頁。年 份體 裁題 材作者學習美式手語的經(jīng)歷及感受。運輸司機冒險救援事故車輛。2017 記敘文2016 記敘文2015 記敘文（夾敘夾議） 奉獻愛心，助人為樂。（贈人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全國卷體裁題材特點】第五頁，共五十九頁?！窘耆珖砜键c分布】年份名詞動詞形容詞副詞連詞短語其他20157題6題3題3題1題20164題4題2題1題3題4題1題20175題9題5題1題主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞，占90% 以上。第六頁，共五十九頁。 原詞復現(xiàn)同義、近義復現(xiàn) 并列關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 讓步關(guān)系

3、 解釋關(guān)系語法項目較少考查 順序關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系詞匯手段語法手段 邏輯手段語篇信息（語境理解）考查內(nèi)容 第七頁，共五十九頁。備戰(zhàn)完形填空能力必備一、快速閱讀能力二、詞匯辨析能力三、詞匯搭配的理解能力四、邏輯推斷能力五、運用常識能力六、揣測作者意圖的能力第八頁，共五十九頁。技巧點撥1. 注意上下文語境（context) 詞匯復現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn)2.運用詞義辨析 （comparison）3.掌握習慣搭配（phrases & idioms）4.掌握熟詞生義 （new meanings）4.了解背景常識（common sense）5. 運用語法分析（grammar analysis)第九頁，共五十九頁。跳過空格，

4、通讀全文， 把握大意再讀全文，反復檢查結(jié)合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難， 個個擊破 完形填空的解題步驟把握整體具體分析第十頁，共五十九頁。1、跳讀領(lǐng)會大意（23分鐘） 速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風格等等。完形填空解題三部曲:跳讀-試填-復核 第十一頁，共五十九頁。 2. 試填-瞻前顧后 上下求索(8-10分鐘) 先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識等多個角度進行綜合考慮

5、。第十二頁，共五十九頁。3 復核-全面檢查，確保語意連貫(2-3分鐘) 試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍 ，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴謹、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應。第十三頁，共五十九頁。詞匯題1.復現(xiàn) 同現(xiàn)第十四頁，共五十九頁。詞語復現(xiàn) 詞語復現(xiàn)是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一篇中重復出現(xiàn)。語篇中的句子通過復現(xiàn)關(guān)系達到相互銜接的目的，詞語復現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復現(xiàn)、同源詞復現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復現(xiàn)）、同義或近義詞復現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復現(xiàn)，如ill與sickness）、上下義詞復現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，如food是bread、milk、rice等的上義詞；r是flower 的

6、下義詞）等。第十五頁，共五十九頁。1.( 2017全國卷I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. After that, feeling the need to_52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D.

7、explain 原詞,同根詞重現(xiàn).第十六頁，共五十九頁。 2. ( 2015全國卷I) Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a _47_. I thought about it. We were _48(low)_ on cash ourselves, but When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54(whatever)_ his family might need, he burst into tears.47. A. dollar B. job C. hot

8、meal D. gift card the gift card原詞重現(xiàn)第十七頁，共五十九頁。3.(廣東卷)there are many ways to prevent this from happening:hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothers were just two of the recommended _27_.A. cases B.tools C.steps D.methods解析:methods與前文中的ways同義詞復

9、現(xiàn)第十八頁，共五十九頁。4. (2017全國卷II) I had advised the kids that while verbs may be dull, most of the _50_things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. 50.A.simple B.unique C.fun D.clever 解析:fun與 dull為反義詞復現(xiàn)第十九頁，共五十九頁。5.(2011四川卷)We fell in love. In the beginning , I didnt want to discuss _, because the

10、sadness of losing Mum still felt great. Paul understood that and never pushed me but, by summer, we got married.A.travel B.business C.children D.marriage解析：marriage與文中的 married 屬同根詞復現(xiàn)。第二十頁，共五十九頁。6.(湖北卷)he taught her how to rely on her other _,specially her hearing.A.feeling B.organs C.skills D.sense

11、s解析:senses為hearing的上義詞復現(xiàn)第二十一頁，共五十九頁。7.I did very badly at school. My headteacher thought I was _ and when I was 14 he said , “You are never going to be anything but a failure.”A.bright B.useless C.simple D.hopefulB利用首句信息第二十二頁，共五十九頁。8.The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and

12、back door, students who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students who were getting on should get on _.A. sooner B.later C.faster D.earlierB 詞語同現(xiàn)。詞語同現(xiàn)：某些語義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在語篇中共同出現(xiàn)的性，叫詞語同現(xiàn)，也有人稱之為“詞場”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對關(guān)系，或者同類互補關(guān)系等。如：different vs same, cruel vs friendly, death&destruction第二十三頁，共五十九頁。9

13、.These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows and paleA. sick B. slim C. short D. smallA解析：與pale 同現(xiàn)的單詞，應該是sick。第二十四頁，共五十九頁。10.On_ days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy解析:與heavy clothes 和 woolen gloves 同現(xiàn)的應該是snowy days。D 第二十五頁，共五十九頁。2.詞義辨析第二十六

14、頁，共五十九頁。1.( 2017全國卷I) I watched as the ASL Club _47_their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very _48_of communicating without speaking_49_ me.47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed

15、D. attracted解析：根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞watch可知，作者看到美式手語社團的成員表演(perform) 。record 記錄; recite背誦; discuss討論.48 題和49題手部動作和無須用語言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。第二十七頁，共五十九頁。2. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and the same time f

16、eeling lonely.1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired解析：在把握上文“我提著衣箱緩慢地上樓梯”的情況下，可知答案為D. tired，即當我到達三樓時，已經(jīng)很累了；第二十八頁，共五十九頁。3.( 2017全國卷II) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day 27kids_ “The Thinking Laboratory.A. built B. entered C. decorated D.ran解析：根據(jù)上文一句，作者在一所小學教學，孩子門當然是每天進入（enter）思想

17、實驗室了。built 建造; decorate 裝飾； run跑步，經(jīng)營第二十九頁，共五十九頁。4.(2014全國卷I）My wheelchair experiment was soon 54 . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the 55 (challenges) , both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome. 54. A. forgotten B. repeated C.

18、conducted D. finished語境-詞義辨析第三十頁，共五十九頁。3.習慣用法和固定搭配第三十一頁，共五十九頁。321. (2013 江西) “You shouldnt swim that day, ” the man 45 (advised ) . “There is a storm coming up.”“You should mind your own 46 !” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.46.A. business B. Swimsuit C. friends D. parentsMind your ow

19、n business! 不要多管閑事！第三十二頁，共五十九頁。2. (2014全國I) For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. 43. A. workingB. livingC. playing D. going語境-固定搭配play with(toys)第三十三頁，共五十九頁。34 3.(2012全國新課標) Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It spea

20、ks 36 than words 36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. furtherAction speaks louder than words. 習語諺語:事實勝于雄辯第三十四頁，共五十九頁。4.熟詞生義第三十五頁，共五十九頁。1.One afternoon，the headmaster called my friend to discuss one essay with him in a lively spirit. “I was interested in this48 you make here. I think you might ha

21、ve gone further. Tell me what you had in your mind.”A.aim B. goal C. point D. opinionpoint 觀點，要點第三十六頁，共五十九頁。2.He came back to me like a man who had had a very narrow 54 and I made up my mind to make every effort to study my translations.A.surprise B.escape C.hope D.chancenarrow adj.勉強的，好不容易的a narrow

22、 victory 險勝 第三十七頁，共五十九頁。3.Scott and his companions were terribly disappointed. When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians（挪威人）had beatenthem in the race to be the first ever to reach it. After37the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves beforethey started the

23、950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. plantingD. layingplant vt. 立穩(wěn)，豎立，安放第三十八頁，共五十九頁。4.Today I decided to look up the word “hero” in the dictionary to see exactly what it meant. It_ “a person who does something brave”. As I read on, it also said “a person who is good and noble” A.wrote B.t

24、old C.described D.readread vt.(指示牌等)寫著，（儀器等）顯示第三十九頁，共五十九頁。5.He thenreturned to his office,satisfiedthat if a picture is worth a thousand words, then the four photos must be a good31! He sat down with a smile.His wife32those pictures. She carries them in her purse now and shows them to anyone who ask

25、s if she is married A.description B.preparation C.excuse D.lectureA.tored B.saved C.developed D.destroyedlecture n. 教訓，訓斥 save v. 保留，保存第四十頁，共五十九頁。4.生活常識和文化背景第四十一頁，共五十九頁。 1.（2013全國卷I） As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42（locked） . 41. A. height B. force C.

26、 skill D. weight 生活常識常識、背景知識2. Born in America , I spoke English not Chinese， the language of my ancestors . When I was three , my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 (aside ) , 36. A. custom B. games C .characters D. language 第四十二頁，共五十九頁。3： It was an early mornin

27、g in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their1 . This was the beginning of another 2 day in New York City.1. A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. working B. hot C. same D. ordinary解析：按生活經(jīng)驗，人們起床后，各自奔向自己的工作崗位。而這種情況是天天發(fā)生，是平平常常的，因此2題答案是D. ordinary。A. job

28、sD. ordinary第四十三頁，共五十九頁。4. When I was just 20 months old, I suffered serious_13(burn)_ after a bowl of hot oil fell on my head. I was _14_ to hospital and had to stay there for weeks while the doctors _15_for my life.14.A. rushed B. led C. invited D. forced15.A. learned B. fought C. returned D.decid

29、ed解析：根據(jù)背景常識，在孩子受傷后，肯定會被快速送往醫(yī)院。rush 急忙地送（。到某地）。急診病人被送醫(yī)院后，醫(yī)生定會竭盡全力搶救。fight 為而戰(zhàn)，為而努力爭取。第四十四頁，共五十九頁。1.語法手段2.邏輯手段句際關(guān)系1.語法手段第四十五頁，共五十九頁。（2015全國卷I） When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54_ his family might need, he burst into tears. 54A. whoeverB. whatever C. whicheverD. whenever語法-

30、連接代詞第四十六頁，共五十九頁。 邏輯手段2.邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系第四十七頁，共五十九頁。識別語篇標志,理清邏輯關(guān)系語篇關(guān)系是指句群,段落,篇章之間的關(guān)系。聯(lián)系他們之間的詞語被稱為語篇標志詞。常見的語篇標志性的詞語有以下幾種:順序關(guān)系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果關(guān)系:thus,therefore,so等;遞進關(guān)系:besides,whats more,further等;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,while,yet,however等 做完型時,如果能充分利用這些標志性詞語,就能迅速理請文章的脈絡,弄清上下文關(guān)系。第四十八頁，共五十九頁。1

31、. (2017全國卷I) Yet instead of being discouraged by my _progress, I excited.A. slow B.stead C.normal D.obvious轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系第四十九頁，共五十九頁。 2. Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37(special) . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. p

32、raise轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系第五十頁，共五十九頁。3.（2013全國卷I） My hands started to ache as I 51 (turned) the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 (direction) of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.53. A. easy B. heavy C. major D. extra因果關(guān)系 第五十一頁，共五十九頁。 4.(2014全國卷I) The world is full of 46 stamp

33、albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 （passing） interest. 46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collectedD. half-filled 同類并列關(guān)系第五十二頁，共五十九頁。 5. First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand, . Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen sh

34、ould make a thick, dark line. 52. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally順序關(guān)系第五十三頁，共五十九頁。 失分原因: know why出錯主要原因有兩類：一是：基礎(chǔ)知識不牢，詞匯障礙嚴重。二是文章整體閱讀能力低。因此完形填空的訓練重在落實，體現(xiàn)在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要動詞（或短語）是否會用；中西文化背景是否清楚；語境中詞語篩選是否合理；是否根據(jù)常識進行推理；慣用法及搭配是否恰當；是否糾正了平時的習慣錯誤。第五十四頁，共五十九頁。如何提高能力技巧一、提高閱讀能力（速度、理解）二、打好語法基礎(chǔ) （

35、固定搭配）三、擴充詞匯量（動詞、名詞）四、增長生活常識，培養(yǎng)廣泛的興趣愛好五、多做多練，以提高實戰(zhàn)能力第五十五頁，共五十九頁。復習備考首先要熟練地掌握學過的全部語法知識，牢記習慣用法。特別是動詞短語；注意對動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等詞匯意義的真正理解，要懂得詞匯的內(nèi)涵、外延、褒貶及一定的修辭色彩。注意它們的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及其辨析。其次要有計劃地多做一些完形填空的練習，多閱讀一些短文，增強英文閱讀能力，提高理解能力第五十六頁，共五十九頁。 【真題演練 】新課標2015全國卷I解題三部曲：讀-填-讀第五十七頁，共五十九頁。 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand 44 in the cold wind.In the store,