高考藝體生文化課百日沖刺英語(yǔ)：專題5動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、專題五 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)【命題趨勢(shì)探秘】命題考查內(nèi)一般時(shí)與完成時(shí)及完各時(shí)態(tài)的被與時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)容進(jìn)行時(shí)成進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的考點(diǎn)考查熱度語(yǔ)法填語(yǔ)法填空,語(yǔ)法填空,語(yǔ)法填空,規(guī)律考查題空,單項(xiàng)單項(xiàng)填空,單項(xiàng)填空,單項(xiàng)填空,型填空,短短文改錯(cuò),短文改錯(cuò),短文改錯(cuò),文改錯(cuò),書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)所占分值36 分36 分3 分3-6 分1. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考查重點(diǎn)之一,試題分布在單項(xiàng)填空、 語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)等題型中,在書面表達(dá)中,命題 能夠正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)有效地提高作文的得分檔趨勢(shì) 次；考試大綱列舉了常見(jiàn)的十種時(shí)態(tài),高考試卷仍會(huì)涉及過(guò)去/將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)完成時(shí)；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)包

2、括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；高考試題對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查一般都是在時(shí)態(tài)的考查中同時(shí)進(jìn)行；2. 從近年高考試題看,對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查重點(diǎn)是 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在 /將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí),語(yǔ)境的時(shí)間信息提示比較隱秘,往往不給出明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),讓考生通過(guò)上下文設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境,充分利用附加信息進(jìn)行推斷；【高頻考點(diǎn)聚焦】英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共有 16 種時(shí)態(tài),要求重點(diǎn)把握的有十種；另外過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和 將來(lái)完成時(shí)在高考試題中也時(shí)有顯現(xiàn)；名稱主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does am/is/

3、are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)did was/were done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will do will be done 一般 過(guò)去將would do would be done 來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing am/is/are being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing was/were being done 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing will be being done 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行would be doing 暫沒(méi)涉及時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done have/has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done had been done

4、 將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done will have been done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/has been 暫沒(méi)涉及時(shí)doing 暫沒(méi)涉及過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行had been doing 時(shí) 考點(diǎn) 1 一般時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)【基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法1表示常?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在的情形或狀態(tài),常與表示頻度的 often, never, every day, sometimes等狀語(yǔ)連用；如：The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park這老兩口常常在晚飯后到 花園里漫步； 高考例句 2表示客觀真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)

5、事實(shí)、名言警句等；如：In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.有些語(yǔ)言中, 100 個(gè)單詞就構(gòu)成了日常會(huì)話中所使用詞匯的一半；高考例句 3表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、性格和才能；如：Although a famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.盡管是聞名的科學(xué)家, 袁隆平仍舊認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)農(nóng)夫,由于他在田間耕作,進(jìn)行科學(xué)爭(zhēng)

6、論；4在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作；如：If we sit near the front of the bus, well have a better view. 假如我們坐在公共汽車的前部,就會(huì)有更好的視野；高考例句 5表示方案或支配中的將來(lái)動(dòng)作,通常為 begin, be 等動(dòng)詞；如：go, come, start, leave, stay, return, When does the bus start.公共汽車什么時(shí)候開？It starts in 10 minutes.特別鐘之后開；2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法1表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用時(shí)間狀

7、語(yǔ)just now, a moment/minute/day, etc. ago 等；I wasn t at home last night. 昨天晚上我不在家；2表示過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)常?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；3在間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示 “過(guò)去將來(lái) ”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；如：He said he would come if he was not busy.他說(shuō)假如他不忙就會(huì)來(lái)；4特殊句型 ; Its time that did/was/were .5有時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣；I wondered if you could help me.你能幫我一下嗎？

8、3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),事物固有的屬性或必定趨勢(shì),方案準(zhǔn)備要做的事情；一般將來(lái)時(shí)有以下幾種表示方式：1 “ will/shall do sth. 表示將來(lái)的準(zhǔn)備或方案,有時(shí)表示臨時(shí)的支配；will 有時(shí)候表示 “意愿”；I ve forgotten to post the letter for you. 我忘了幫你發(fā)信了；Well, in that case, Ill post it myself. 哦,既然這樣,我自己去寄信吧；2 “ be going to do sth. 方案、準(zhǔn)備、有跡象說(shuō)明；如：It is going to rain, as

9、the clouds are gathering in the sky.天空烏云密集,要下雨了；3 “ be to do sth. 不行更換的方案、 命令、要求,用在 if 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示可能性；如：The police surrounded the building and said: “ No one is to go out.”房,并且說(shuō), “誰(shuí)也不許出去； ”4 “ be about to do sth. 一般不能與具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但可以和并列連詞when 連用；如：He is about to leave.他立刻要走；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)：表示嚴(yán)格依據(jù)時(shí)間表或原定方案將要發(fā)

10、生的事；如：The earliest flight takes off at 6 a.m.最早的航班早上 6 點(diǎn)起飛；【核心考點(diǎn)講練】1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 1表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情形；2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的情形,但不肯定是講話時(shí)發(fā)生著的動(dòng) 作；3表示按方案將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 近期特定的支配或方案； 通常只限于 go, come, leave, arrive 等趨向性動(dòng)詞；4 與 always,constantly, forever,all the time 等頻度副詞連用, 表常常反復(fù)的行 為或某種感情顏色；5下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示心理狀態(tài)、 情感的動(dòng)詞

11、：like,love,hate,care,remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean,need； 表示存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞及詞組 on；:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend 表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete ； 表示感官的動(dòng)詞： see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look；2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；2某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)

12、另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,其中一個(gè)在由 when 或 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中；連續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：I was watching TV when Mum came in.媽媽進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我在看電視；3連系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí),但是假如表示人或物在某一時(shí)刻的某種臨時(shí)性變化或狀態(tài)就可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)形式,如：He was serious.他很莊重；He was just being serious.他只是當(dāng)時(shí)假裝很莊重而已；3.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；2有時(shí)也可表示預(yù)料不久將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,好像比一般將來(lái)時(shí)顯得客氣；【典例 1】（2022山

13、東）They made up their mind that they_ a new house once Larry changed jobs. A. bought B. would buy C. have bought D. had bought 解析：句意：他們下定了決心,一旦拉瑞換工作的話,他們就買個(gè)新居子；依據(jù)主句的 made 可知這里是站在過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)說(shuō)明這件事情,因此受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響,這里用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的 would buy 表示將來(lái)的準(zhǔn)備,因此選 B；答案： B 【典例 2】（2022北京） Hi, let s go skating. Sorry, Im busy right n

14、ow. I _ in an application form for a new job.A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 解析：句意： 嗨,我們?nèi)セ桑?對(duì)不起,我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢；我正在填一份新工作的申請(qǐng)表；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 正在發(fā)生,因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；答案： C right now 可知,在說(shuō)話時(shí) “填表”的動(dòng)作【技巧點(diǎn)撥】突破點(diǎn) 2：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)分這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的完整動(dòng)作, 也就是說(shuō),這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)終止；而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某個(gè)時(shí)候該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,但仍沒(méi)有完成,或者不知道是否已經(jīng)終止；留

15、意利用語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行辨析；如：He wrote a novel last month and is waiting for it to be published.他上個(gè)月寫了一本 小說(shuō),現(xiàn)在正等待小說(shuō)的出版；已經(jīng)完成 He was writing a novel last month, and I wonder if he has finished it.他上個(gè)月在寫一部小說(shuō),我不知道他是否已經(jīng)寫完了；上個(gè)月在寫 考點(diǎn) 2 完成時(shí)及完成進(jìn)行時(shí)【基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法 1表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在；通常與表示連續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yet,just,

16、before,lately,often,never,now,today等,但不能與表示過(guò)去具體時(shí)間的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（如 in 1993,last year等）；如：I ve forgotten his telephone number.我忘了他的電話號(hào)碼了；2表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開頭,連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能連續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作；常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用, 如 so far,up to now,since,for the past（last）few years等；如：He has worked here for over twenty years.他在這里工作已有 20 多年了；2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本

17、用法1過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存 在的狀態(tài)；句中常用 by,before,until,when 等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；如：By the end of last year,we had built five new houses.到去年末,我們已建了五座新 房子；2過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞仍可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)連續(xù)到過(guò) 去某個(gè)時(shí)間或連續(xù)連續(xù)下去；如：Before he slept,he had worked for 12 hours.他工作了 12 個(gè)小時(shí)才睡覺(jué)；3常用于以下情形 主句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)表示在主句動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)賓

18、語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如：She said that she had never been to Paris.她說(shuō)她從未去過(guò)巴黎； 用在含狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中, 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先的,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后的,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們?cè)缇团芰耍?.將來(lái)完成時(shí)的基本用法表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或某一動(dòng)作將連續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻；4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開頭于過(guò)去,連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行,或者該動(dòng)作不會(huì)再連續(xù),但是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作連續(xù)的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)；因此它

19、含有“未完性、臨時(shí)性、感情顏色等 ”的特點(diǎn)；如：There you are at last. Ive been waiting for you for half an hour. 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者 “埋怨”的感情顏色 5.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 表示某一動(dòng)作開頭于過(guò)去的過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,連續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,并且仍未 完成；如：He had been writing the letter till two oclock. 他寫這封信始終寫到 2 點(diǎn)鐘；6.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開頭始終連續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間；是否連續(xù)下去,要 視上下文而定；這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常和表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；如：I

20、 shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我將在這個(gè)工廠工作 20 年了；【核心考點(diǎn)講練】1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)常常性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說(shuō)話者的 才能及自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)（瞬時(shí)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也表示 目前或現(xiàn)階段始終進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也就是說(shuō),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示當(dāng)前顯現(xiàn)的變化；如：Mr Smith works in this company, but he is not working t

21、oday.史密斯先生在本公司 上班,但他今日沒(méi)有上班；John is usually not serious about his work, but he is being serious now.通常,約翰對(duì) 工作不仔細(xì),但是此時(shí)他特別仔細(xì)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)就表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍舊起作 用；如：I have been told that the meeting might be put off until further notice. 我被告知, 這 個(gè)會(huì)議被推遲了,等候具體通知；2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在完

22、成時(shí)表示的事情 與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,是過(guò)去事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響；或者說(shuō),現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍舊起作用,有影響,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在了；如：Smith hasnt come yet. He has promised to go with us to the interview. 史密斯仍沒(méi)有來(lái)；他答應(yīng)和我們一起去參與面試的；-I m sorry I cant go with you to the interview tomorrow. 對(duì)不起,我明天不能和你一起去參與面試；-But you promised.可是,你答應(yīng)過(guò)的；【典例 1】（2022江蘇）

23、How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing. Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 解析：句意： 你對(duì)即將在南京舉辦的青奧會(huì)明白多少？哦,媒體已 經(jīng)以各種各樣的形式對(duì)它進(jìn)行報(bào)道了；問(wèn)話人詢問(wèn)對(duì)方有多少明白,其次個(gè)人沒(méi)有直接回答,而是說(shuō)媒體已經(jīng)報(bào)道了許多相關(guān)信息,因此這里不能用一般現(xiàn) 在時(shí)的 A 項(xiàng)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的 B 項(xiàng),也不能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與當(dāng)

24、前無(wú)關(guān)的事情,而是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到目前為止媒體已經(jīng)報(bào)道了許多,因此選 C；答案： C 【典例 2】（2022山東） Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_. A. will expect B. are expecting C. expect D. had expected 解析：句意：手寫出全部的邀請(qǐng)函比我們預(yù)想的更耗時(shí)；依據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ) was可知“耗費(fèi)時(shí)間 ”這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,而 “預(yù)想時(shí)間 ”應(yīng)當(dāng)是發(fā)生在 “耗 費(fèi)時(shí)間 ”之前,即 expect的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去的過(guò)去（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）

25、,因此選 D；答案： D 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)分1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言,過(guò)去完成時(shí)就是對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言,表示 “過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作 ”,即我們俗稱的 “過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ”； 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)常用 by 和 before 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示,如： by that time,by the end of,before 2022,by the time+句子等；2.兩個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,假如這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是緊密相聯(lián)系的,沒(méi)有先后區(qū)分,或者有,但是說(shuō)話人不關(guān)注這個(gè)區(qū)分,此時(shí)都用一般過(guò)去時(shí),特殊是在 when、as、before、after 等連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),由于連詞已經(jīng)表示了

26、動(dòng)作的先后,因 此主句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：When I opened the door, I found him standing outside waiting for me.我打開門的 時(shí)候發(fā)覺(jué)他在外面站著等我；3.表示與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系的過(guò)去某段時(shí)間做過(guò)某事,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：He worked in the country school for five years, and is now teaching in a university.他 在這所鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校工作過(guò) 5 年,現(xiàn)在在一所高校教書；4.過(guò)去發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,假如這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作連接很緊密,沒(méi)有或者幾乎沒(méi)有先后之分,或者

27、不留意動(dòng)作的先后, 此時(shí)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；假如用 when,before,after 等連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句, 主、從句的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；When he came to the door, I recognized him at once.他走到門口時(shí), 我立刻幾認(rèn)出他了；5.動(dòng)詞 think,want,hope,mean準(zhǔn)備,plan,intend,expect 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、準(zhǔn)備、意圖等；I had planned to help you, but I didn我準(zhǔn)備幫他,但那時(shí)我沒(méi)時(shí)間；6.留意某些句式結(jié)構(gòu)中一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換,比如 as

28、soon as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)換為 hardly/not when,no sooner than的句式時(shí)主句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；As soon as he came to the door, I recognized him.他一到門口我就認(rèn)出他了；=No sooner had he come to the door than I recognized him. 考點(diǎn) 3 各時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)【基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間相互關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式；在英語(yǔ)中有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：語(yǔ)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞；在依據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)

29、使用各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只將 be 變?yōu)榕c其相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)形式, 過(guò)去分詞不變；也可用 get/become+過(guò)去分詞；各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在is/am/are done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done 時(shí)一般過(guò)去was/were done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been done 時(shí)一般將來(lái)will/shall be 將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall have been 時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完done done 過(guò)去將來(lái)would/should be would/should have been 時(shí)成時(shí)done done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)is/am/are being have/ha

30、s been being 時(shí)done 行時(shí)done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行was/were being 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)had been being done 時(shí)行時(shí)done will/shall have been 將來(lái)進(jìn)行will/shall be 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)時(shí)being done 行時(shí)being done 一般過(guò)would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)完would/should be being 成進(jìn)行時(shí)去將來(lái)時(shí)done 【核心考點(diǎn)講練】1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或沒(méi)有必要指明誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；如：The window hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 這窗戶已經(jīng)有幾

31、個(gè)星期沒(méi)有擦過(guò)了；2需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者或大事本身；如：All the employees are encouraged to work online at home.全部員工都被勉勵(lì)在家 上網(wǎng)工作；3當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)；如：The number of deaths from heart disease has to be reduced.必需削減由于心臟病 死亡的人數(shù)；4留意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、雙賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)；如：The plan will be given up.那方案就要被舍棄了；The plan will be put into practice

32、as soon as possible. We took good care of the computer.The computer was taken good care of. Good care was taken of the computer. 2.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：1系動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如look, sound, feel, smell. Taste, appear等；He looked surprised.他看起來(lái)很驚奇；2read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash等動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不及物動(dòng)詞表 示主語(yǔ)的屬性或特點(diǎn)；The

33、article reads smoothly.這篇文章讀起來(lái)很流暢；3fit, have, wish, suffer, happen to, belong to 等動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The book belongs to my friend Li Min.這本書是我伴侶李敏的；【典例 1】（2022全國(guó)大綱） Unless extra money_, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 解析：句意：除非找到額外的資金,要不然,這家劇院就得關(guān)閉了；由語(yǔ)境可知,此處是 unless引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)

34、從句,主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,而主語(yǔ)money 與本空動(dòng)詞 find 是規(guī)律上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此選 C；答案： C 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】利用主從句時(shí)態(tài)的一樣性解題 主從復(fù)合句中時(shí)態(tài)的一樣主要有以下幾種情形：1.主將從現(xiàn) 在以 when,after,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及 if,unless等引導(dǎo) 的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,假如主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí),狀語(yǔ)從句就用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如：Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候,我將把這個(gè) 好消息告知

35、她；Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候不要笑話我；2.主過(guò)從過(guò) 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句 須用表示過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；例如：He asked when they would go to the party. 他問(wèn)他們什么時(shí)候?qū)⑷⑴c聚會(huì)；3.主現(xiàn)從任 在賓語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí) 態(tài)時(shí),后面從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制,可依據(jù)情形,選用各種適合的時(shí)態(tài)；例如：Do you know when well have a football match.你知道我們什么時(shí)候舉辦足球

36、 賽嗎？People at that time dint believe that the earth is round. 那時(shí)的人們不信任地球是圓的；【典例 2】（2022天津） We won_. t start the work until all the preparations A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made 解析：句意：直到全部的預(yù)備工作都做完了,我們才開頭工作；依據(jù)主句wont start可以看出語(yǔ)境表達(dá)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作, until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,

37、或用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示連續(xù)到將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而主語(yǔ)preparations 與本空動(dòng)詞 make 是規(guī)律上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此本 空選 C,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；答案： C 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】在解答時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題時(shí),要依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是否 應(yīng)當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),并留意各個(gè)不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成； 考點(diǎn) 4 與時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的考點(diǎn)【基礎(chǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】高考命題不再單純考查某一時(shí)態(tài)的用法,而是在具體語(yǔ)境中考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,留意多種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合考查,這就要求考生進(jìn)行全面綜合 的考慮,而不只是依據(jù)一個(gè)方面去判定答案；【核心考點(diǎn)講練】一不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情形1.系動(dòng)詞

38、沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem, go,prove,turn, stay, become, fall,get,grow,keep等系動(dòng)詞與形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表 結(jié)構(gòu)；如：The steel feels cold.鋼摸起來(lái)很涼；His plan provedto bepractical.他的方案被證明很有用；2.表示開頭、終止、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如 begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等；如：Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 早

39、上 7 點(diǎn)鐘開頭工作；3.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞, 如 read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash, clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink；這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用,常有一 個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)；如：This coat dries easily.這種外衣簡(jiǎn)單干；The article reads well.這篇文章讀著很流暢；4.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,如 print,cook,fry,hang,build,make；如：The meat is cooking.肉在煮；5.介詞 in,

40、on,under 等名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義；表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用,含被動(dòng)之意,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞；如：under control 受掌握； under treatment 在治療中； under repair 在修理中；under discussion 在爭(zhēng)論中；under construction 在施工中 二使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞表示 “讓/ 使某人 / 物 ”,這些動(dòng)詞或接賓語(yǔ) 比如反身代詞 ,或用 系表結(jié)構(gòu) “ get/be+過(guò)去分詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)；關(guān)于使役動(dòng)詞的用法在第五章的相關(guān) 章節(jié)有具體說(shuō)明,這里不復(fù)贅述；【典例 1】

41、（2022北京）I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ when I arrived. A. started B. was starting C. would start D. had started 解析：句意：我覺(jué)得很難聽(tīng)懂這堂講座了,由于我到的時(shí)候它已經(jīng)開頭了；由 hard to follow 可知 start 的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 “我”到達(dá)之前, arrive 的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生,因此這里表示發(fā)生在 “過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ”,用過(guò)去完成時(shí),因此選 D；答案： D 【典例 2】（2022江西） Tony, why are your eyes red.

42、I_up peppers for the last five minutes. A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting 解析：句意： 為什么你的眼睛發(fā)紅；我在過(guò)去的五分鐘內(nèi)一直在剁辣椒；依據(jù) for the last five minutes 可知,此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里始終在做某事；此題易誤選 C 項(xiàng),誤以為動(dòng)作是過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的；其實(shí)此句是指過(guò)去所做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；答案： D 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】1.依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài) 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都有自己特定的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞,可依據(jù)標(biāo)志詞確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；如：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

43、 often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等；一般過(guò)去時(shí)： then, in the past, just now, yesterday, last night/week , after that, at that time, ago, the other day 等；一般將來(lái)時(shí)： tomorrow, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming few days, in 2046 等；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： Listen. Be quiet. Now, these days, forever, constantly

44、, all the time 等；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： so far, recently, before, yet, ever, by now, in/for/over/during the last/past+時(shí)間段等；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： in the last +時(shí)間段, the whole morning 等；2.運(yùn)用“五看法 ”確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 一看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：留意各種時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和與之呼應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；二看已知?jiǎng)釉~時(shí)態(tài)：留意復(fù)合句中主、從句之間時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)；三看語(yǔ)境：在大多數(shù)情形下,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由上下文打算,這就要求我們留意 語(yǔ)境的提示；四看句型；有不少的句型的運(yùn)用,都存在特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,如hardly when

45、和 no sooner than都要求主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；熟記這些句型對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)能幫忙 我們快速精確地答題；五看“時(shí)”與“態(tài)”：第一確定這個(gè)動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候的事,處于什么狀態(tài),是完 成了仍是正在進(jìn)行,然后確定這個(gè)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)仍是被動(dòng)；專題熱點(diǎn)集訓(xùn) 5 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（45 分鐘）I. 單項(xiàng)填空 1.（2022天津）Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D.

46、will be teaching 2.（2022天津）Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement _ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 3.（2022重慶） Is Peter coming. No,he _ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. h

47、ad changed 4.（2022江蘇） The real reason why prices _,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 5.（2022浙江）Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child,few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist who

48、se theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 6.（2022福建 To my delight,I _ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen 7.（2022福建 SWhere is Peter. I cant find him anywhere. He went t

49、o the library after breakfast and _ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing 8.（2022湖南 I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I _,“ What do you wish me to do now？”A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked 9.（2022湖南） He must have sensed that I _ him. He s

50、uddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“ Why are you staring at me like that？”B. looked at A. would look at C. was looking at D. am looking at 10.（2022湖南 I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,but _ thankfully by the shop window. A. am held back B. held back C. hold back D. was held

51、 back II. 完形填空（2022四川）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A, B, C 和 D）中,選出可以填入空白處的正確選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑；My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year,I _11_feeding peanuts to the blue jays,then the squirrels. The squirrels had no _12_coming up right to me for them. As

52、 the months went by,the rabbits saw that I was no _13_and didnt escape. When I threw carrot slices薄片,they even came for a nibble啃. Slowly they came to _14_me,and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand. That second year,the rabbits _15_ me,and one would even sit up for slices！While I

53、was feeding them,I_16_that a groundhog who used to run away was now talking an_17_interest in this food situation.I carefully extended a long_18_,with a keen eye on those teeth,and _19_,there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit,both munching津津有味地咀嚼 on carrots. A few months

54、 later,while _20_,she would even turn her back to me. _21_when she was facing away,I reached out and _22_scratched搔 her back with my finger.She didnt move. By year three,the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog _23_didnt have a problem with me scratching her back,and I got an idea,Id a

55、lways_24_,while slicing up carrots,that the end looked like a cap._25_one day,just to see what she would do,I gently _26_ one on top of the groundhogs head. Again,not a _27_. The next time,I had my camera ready to record what you see here,one of several dozen such pictures,_28_she had a slice to eat

56、,she never _29_ the one of her head. It was a fair _30_I got a pleasure,and she had yet another tasty treat. 11. A. avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested 12. A. business B. fun C. problem D. privilege 13. A. help B. cheat C. threat D. exception 14. A. trust B. miss C. admire D. appreciate 15.

57、A. feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered 16. A. proved B. decided C. noticed D. understood 17. A. extreme B. increasing C. additional D. inspiring 18. A. squirrel B. rabbit C. peanut D. carrot 19. A. before long B. long ago C. over and over D. all over again 20. A. eating B. playing C. sitti

58、ng D. sleeping 21. A. Next B. Once C. Soon D. Lately 22. A. carefully B. suddenly C. violently D. patiently 23. A. also B. thus C. just D. still 24. A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. recognised 25. A. While B. Or C. So D. For 26. A. fixed B. placed C. hung D. kept 27. A. tremble B. move C. delay

59、D. hesitation 28. A. Even if B. Ever since C. As far as D. So long as 29. A. welcomed B. required C. bothered D. expected 30. A. trade B. competition C. task D. affair III. 閱讀懂得（2022湖南）In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently,especially in the spring,making the streets so muddy that people

60、,horses,and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this：A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help,he replies,“ No,thanks. Ive got a good horse under me.”The city planners decided to build an underground drainage排水 system,b