中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講義

1、 定語(yǔ)從句1.基本概念【考點(diǎn)一】句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句（只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）（1）主 + 謂例：I sleep.（2）主 謂 賓例：I study English.（3）主 謂 間 賓 直 賓例：例：He gave me a offer.（4）主 謂 賓 賓 補(bǔ)例：He makes me delighted.（即雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，人一般為間接賓語(yǔ),物為直接賓語(yǔ)）（5）主 系 表例：I am a teacher.并列句 表遞進(jìn)：and, not only.but also, neither.nor.例：She not only dances well but also sings well.Neither do

2、 I know his address, nor do my parents.表選擇：or, either.or例：You can stay here, or you can leave.Either you leave or I leave.表轉(zhuǎn)折：but, yet例：He tried his best, but he failed.表因果：so, for例：I must be off now, for my sister is waiting for me.I work hard, so I was able to pass the exam.復(fù)合句定語(yǔ)從句：The girl (who h

3、as long hair）is beautiful.劃線部分作用相同，即定語(yǔ)從句起到形容詞的作用狀語(yǔ)從句：(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、 方式、比較)例：I always want to eat something tasty recently.I always want to eat something tasty when Im hungry.作用相同，即狀從起副詞作用名詞性從句：（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句） 例：The news made me crazy.（What he said）made me crazy.名詞the news 和主語(yǔ)從句作用相同，皆充

4、當(dāng)主語(yǔ),即名詞性從句起名詞作用【考點(diǎn)二】定語(yǔ)從句基本概念定語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“ 的”表示。定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，即一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why基本構(gòu)成：The girl （who has long hair）is beautiful.先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞作用：（1）連接作用（2）替代作用（替代先行詞）（3）作

5、句子中的成分【注意】：定從的關(guān)系詞沒(méi)有what 和 how，在定從中，它們就像過(guò)街的老鼠，人人喊打，出現(xiàn)就將其pass【考點(diǎn)三】定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的判斷方式定語(yǔ)從句： n. + ( + V1) + V2V1 + n. + ( + V2)【注意】：根據(jù)動(dòng)詞劃分句子是三大從句的基本判斷方法先行詞 ：能夠放入到從句中構(gòu)成一句話（可加介詞和所有格）2.限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起限制修飾作用，是不可缺少的成分，去掉之后主句意義不完整。2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，是對(duì)主句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如果去掉，應(yīng)該對(duì)整個(gè)句意沒(méi)有影響。非限定定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于并列句，狀語(yǔ)從句等

6、。例：This is the house which we bought last month.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.3.關(guān)系代詞的辨別關(guān)系代詞指人指物subject (主語(yǔ))object (賓語(yǔ))attribute（定語(yǔ)）ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose【考點(diǎn)一】who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)例：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.【考點(diǎn)二】whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷岳篏reen is the perso

7、n (whom) you talked about on the bus.【考點(diǎn)三】whose 指誰(shuí)的，做先行詞的定語(yǔ)例：He is the boy whose name is Jack.【考點(diǎn)四】which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷岳篎ootball is a game which is liked by most boys. （注：填which、that）Football is a game which most boys like. （注：which/that/不填都可）【考點(diǎn)五】that 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中

8、作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷岳篩esterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.【注意】：（1）只用 that，不用which 的情況（最序不表疑, 免重人物重）：a、當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)用that例：This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. b、當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)用that例：This t

9、rain is the last that will go to Beijing. c、當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)用that例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about.d、先行詞是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)例：Tom told his mother all that had happened.e、先行詞前面有the only, the very, the last 等修飾時(shí)例：This is the only book

10、 that I can find.【注意】：最?？嫉氖恰按咝?恰恰”,前提條件：先行詞是“物”、缺賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略4.關(guān)系副詞的辨別【考點(diǎn)一】when 指時(shí)間, 在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I still remember the day（when I first came to this school）.先行詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)I will never forget the dayswhen we stayed together last yearwhich/that/不填 we spent together last year【考點(diǎn)二】where 主要用于修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從

11、句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)例 ：This is the village where he was born.that/which/不填 he visited last year【考點(diǎn)三】why 指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。（先行詞是the reason）例：Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 的含義相

12、當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?5.解題方式【考點(diǎn)一】選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，關(guān)鍵看它在定從中做什么成分 He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worded. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies.【考點(diǎn)二】選用關(guān)系詞的方法：一斷二找三放斷：n. +