特殊句式考點精講精練 講義-高考英語備考之專題復(fù)習(xí)

1、特殊句式具有特定的形式和意義，不同于常規(guī)的語法規(guī)律和形式，在對其進行掌握和應(yīng)用方面有獨特之處，因此，對特殊句式的考查既是高考命題的一個重點，也是考生得分的一個難點。高考對特殊句式的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：倒裝句、省略句、強調(diào)句、虛擬語氣以及其他特殊句式。一、特殊句式的考點1. 倒裝、省略和虛擬特殊句式的考查中，倒裝與省略是最大的考查點。倒裝句通過改變正常的句子成分排列順序增加了理解的難度，主要考點如下。（1） 表示“一就”的時間狀語從句：Hardly/Scarcely.when.，No sooner.than.。（2）only強調(diào)狀語引起句子倒裝。（3）方位副詞或否定副詞置于句首引起倒裝。

2、（4）so/suchthat.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句引起倒裝?！镜淅?】 Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realizedB. has she realizedC. she has realizedD. did she realize解析：本題考查only在句首引起的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。only位于句首引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句要用主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)句子使用的過去時態(tài)可知，答案應(yīng)該選D。【典例2】Only after talking to two students _ t

3、hat having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A. I did discoverB. did I discoverC. I discoveredD. discovered解析：本題考查only在句首引起的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。only所修飾的狀語為狀語從句時， 該狀語從句的主謂不倒裝，但是主句的謂語要倒裝。因此，答案選B。省略句則因為減少了句子成分而變得難以理解，特別是一些句子中對主語的省略?！镜淅?】The movie starts at 8：30， and we can have a quic

4、k bite before we go. _ . See you at 8：10. A. So longB. Sounds greatC. Good luckD. Have a good time解析：本題考查省略了主語的習(xí)慣用語?！癝ounds great.”之前省略了主語it， 指代上句中所說的看電影之前吃快餐的主意，在口語中常被省略。因此，答案選B。如果狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，并且是主系表或者謂語是進行時或被動語態(tài)時，可以將主語和be動詞一起省略。例如：While walking the dog， you were careless and it got loose and wa

5、s hit by a car.Though （they were） tired， they went on working.You shouldnt come to his party unless （you were） invited.也有一些句子既改變句子順序，也省略句子成分，特別是虛擬語氣中if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中謂語動詞含有were， had 和should這三個詞時，可省去if，將這三個詞提前引起倒裝。請比較典例4和典例5?！镜淅?】 I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one， I_. A. were injured

6、B. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured解析：本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。If引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣時，從句使用had been wearing表示對過去動作行為的虛擬，主句要用表示對過去虛擬的would have done形式。因此，本題選D?！镜淅?】Had the governments and scientists not worked together， AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005. A. had not fallenB. would

7、not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen解析：本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。從句“Had the governments and scientists not worked together”既使用了省略又使用了倒裝，這個句子的原型是“if the governments and scientists had not worked together”， 據(jù)此可以看出，從句是對過去動作行為的虛擬，主句也要用對過去虛擬的would have done形式。因此，本題選D。2.強調(diào)句型強調(diào)句型 “it be + 被強調(diào)部分+that/who+ 句子

8、的其他成分”是高考試題對特殊句式考查的一個重點，主要考查對強調(diào)句型的識別及連接詞that和who的選用。強調(diào)句式的主要特點是：去掉it be 和that/who這幾個單詞后，剩下的部分必須構(gòu)成一個完整的句子，句子成分既不缺少，也不多余?！镜淅?】 You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that解析：本題考查強調(diào)句型。在這個句子中，去掉it is 和that后，剩下的句子部分可以構(gòu)成一個完整的句子：The coach

9、picks up tourists at the hotel.因此可以判定，這是一個強調(diào)句型，故答案選D?！镜淅?】 But like so many other things， it is only too much stress _ does you harm.解析：本題考查強調(diào)句型，空白處應(yīng)該填入that。在這個句子中，去掉it is 和that后，剩下的句子部分可以構(gòu)成一個完整的句子：Only too much stress does you harm.因此可以判定，該句考查強調(diào)句型，空白處應(yīng)該填入that。和強調(diào)句型相似，容易引起誤解的其他幾個?？季湫陀校篒t is + 時間段 +

10、since.意為“自從以來有時間”。It is + 時間點 + when.意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，時間是”。It is + 時間段 + before.意為“還要過才”。例如：It is almost five years since we saw each other last time.It was one oclock in the morning when he came back.It wont be long before they understand each other.3. 幾個特殊的狀語從句狀語從句中特殊句式的考查主要集中在比較狀語從句和個別特殊引導(dǎo)詞上。比較狀語從句多集中考查“T

11、he more， the better ”“A is to B what C is to D”或“as.as”的特殊句式。特殊引導(dǎo)詞多體現(xiàn)在考查常見連詞的熟詞生義上。例如：用on doing和the moment等詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“一就”等；when作“突然，在那時”或“如果”時引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；while作“盡管”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。【典例1】Up to a certain point， the more stress you are under， the _（good） your performance will be. 解析：本題考查“The more， the better”比較

12、狀語從句，空白處應(yīng)該填入 better。這個句型具有典型的以the +形容詞比較級開頭的特征，根據(jù)前半句容易判定，后面也應(yīng)該填入good的比較級better?！镜淅?】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite， rather than _ us. A. divideB. rejectC. controlD. abandons解析：本題考查比較句式。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)，rather than意為“而不是”，表示前后的對比，根據(jù)前面的unite（團結(jié)）選出后面的正確答案divide（分裂）

13、。因此，答案選A。【典例3】I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_ with students. A. workingB. workC. to workD. Worked解析：本題考查非謂語動詞，但試題的理解取決于對比較結(jié)構(gòu)“as.as”的理解，答案選A。題干意思是“我過去航海所獲得的樂趣與現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起工作所獲得的樂趣一樣多”。working with students是一個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句“when I am working with students”?！镜淅?】雖然當(dāng)時我年幼，不理解這部電影的含義，但我記得我的家人都感

14、動得落淚了。（tooto.）（句子翻譯）解析：本題考查“tooto.”特殊句式，意為“太而不能”。答案是：Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film， I remember my family were moved to tears.4. 其他特殊句式除了以上列舉的一些特殊句式外，?？嫉奶厥饩涫竭€有：there be句型，祈使句+and+順承結(jié)果，祈使句+or+相反結(jié)果，以及其他固定句式?！镜淅?】為買一雙運動鞋而通宵排隊有意義嗎？（point）（句子翻譯）解析：本題考查there be句型。答案是：W

15、hat is the point of/in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？ / Is there any point （in） lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes？【典例2】Im thinking of going back to school to get another degree.Sounds great！ _. A. It all dependsB. Go for itC. Never mi

16、ndD. No wonder解析：本題考查固定句式，答案選B?！癎o for it！”是一個固定句式，意為“加油！”二、鞏固練習(xí)（一）單句填空1. It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.2. _（observe）carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.3. Bach died in 1750， but it was not un

17、til the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.4. Not until yesterday _ little John change his mind.5. Dont be discouraged. _ （take） things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.6. The climate here is quite pleasant， the temperature rarely，if_， reaching 30 degrees

18、 in summer.7. It was the culture， rather than the language， _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.8. _ （there be） no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.9. Children，when _（accompany） by their parents， are allowed to ent

19、er the stadium.10. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng He sailed to East Africa.11. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if _ （carry out） regularly， can improve our health.12. _ when you can find peace in your heart wills you keep good relationshi

20、ps with others.13. _ （make） what youre doing today important， because youre trading a day of your life for it.14. Its not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.15. It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in commo

21、n.16. When it comes to _ （speak） in public， no one can match him.17. No sooner _ （have） Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.18. was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry？19. Give me a chance， _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.20. If he_

22、 （catch） the morning train， he would not have been late for the meeting.21. Someone has used my bike， but I dont know _（who）.22. While _（wait）， I was reading some magazines.23. Though _（tire）， they went on working.24. He paused as if _（expect） her to speak.25. No sooner had he gone to bed _ he fell

23、asleep.26. Only when the war was over in 1918 _（be） he able to get happily back to work.27. _ loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.28. _ does John love Chinese， he is also good at speaking it.29. Not until my son had entered the university _（do） he realize the importa

24、nce of time.30. They arrived at a house， in front of which _（sit） an old man.31. Then _（follow） eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.32. _（call） me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.33. So loudly did Tom speak _ everyone could hear him.34. Clever _ he is， he does not study well.35. She do

25、es well in English， but is poor in math. _ it is with Lucy.36. Hadnt it been for their help， we _（finish） the work on time.37. Hardly had he arrived _ it began to snow.38. Do you think its going to rain over the weekend？I believe not./I believe _.39. _ possible， I would like to go there tomorrow.40.

26、 Hearing the dog barking fiercely， away_（flee） the thief.（二）語篇填空AOne day， Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen 1 suddenly he found that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son，“ 2 （go） to the village and buy some salt， but pay a fair price f

27、or it； neither too much3 too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much， Father， but if I can pay less， why 4 save a bit of money？”“That would be a very reasonable thing to do in a big city， but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.Nicks guests，

28、 when 5 （hear） their conversation， asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply 6 they could. Nick replied， “Only when a man was desperate for money 7 （will）he sell salt at a lower price. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle

29、 of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing 8 it that the village couldnt possibly be destroyed.”“In the beginning， there 9 only a very small amount of unfairness in the world， but everyone added a little， always thinking that it was only small and not very important，10 l

30、ook where we have ended up today.”BTears went out of my eyes when I talked to my parents on 1 phone. What were they doing when I called them？ I had supper at five in the dining room. There is no need for me to cook and wash the dishes. However， now it is the 2 （busy） time for my parents. Dad works f

31、rom seven in the morning to nine in the evening. Therefore， all of the housework is3 （leave） to my mum alone. She also has to work in the vineyard， 4 her own job.Every day she gets up at 4 oclock in the morning， and then works till dark. One day I called her at 7：30 in the evening. She told me she w

32、as still in the vineyard. Tears ran down5 my cheeks.Dear mum， Ill study hard in the university， but I want you to tend 6 （you） and dad.Mum has ever said 7 the happiest time for Dad and she is when my sister and I come home. We play cards in the room， watch TV or do 8 else we like， with dad and mum 9

33、 （prepare） delicious food in the kitchen. It is also the happiest time for me. I could forget all the difficulties and 10 （unhappy）. The only thing to do is to enjoy the time with my parents.Love， sometimes， doesnt need many words. Love your parents like they love you. Give them a call， and tell the

34、m you miss them.CEveryone has his plans. I 1 have my plans. One of my important plans is to build a school 2 poor children.As we all know， though our country is developing fast， there are 3 many poor children in mountain villages and some faraway places. Their families are very poor. Some4 （have） no

35、 money to go to school and some have to drop out. They dont have normal education 5 have a strong wish to learn knowledge like 6 （we）.How I wish to be able to help them！ I dont have very much money but I still want to help them. I am determined to study hard and try to learn all the subjects well. 7

36、 so， I will be able to study in a good university and find a good job after 8 （graduate）. When I have earned enough money， I will set up a school for poor children and let them 9 （study） in it for free.Though the above is just 10 plan， I will do my best. Of course， to realize it， I must study hard n

37、ow.答案（一）單句填空1. that。本題考查強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)部分為時間狀語，故用that。2. Observe。本題考查祈使句式，應(yīng)用動詞原形放于句子開頭，第一個字母要大寫。3. that。本題考查強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)部分為時間狀語，故用that。4. did。本題考查倒裝句式，not until置于句首引導(dǎo)時間狀語，句子要部分倒裝。因此，填入did。5. Take。本題考查祈使句式+and+順承結(jié)果。故填Take。6. ever。本題考查if引導(dǎo)的省略，表示“如果曾經(jīng)”，應(yīng)用if ever。7. that。本題考查強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分為“the culture， rather than the

38、language”，故填that。8. Were there。本題考查if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣時的倒裝和省略。if從句中使用“過去時/were”，時，可以把if省略掉，句子用部分倒裝。9. accompanied。本題考查狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致且含有be動詞的時候，可以把狀語從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。本題在when的后面省略了they are。因為children和動詞accompany構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞表示被動。10. that。本題考查強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分為時間狀語，故填that。11. carried out?！癐f . regularly”是插入的條件狀

39、語從句， 完整形式是“if it is carried out regularly”。當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句使用了it作主語時， 可以省略掉it is。12. Only。本題考查倒裝句型，后面主句使用了倒裝，前面應(yīng)該填入能引導(dǎo)倒裝的詞。因此，填入Only。13. Make。本題考查祈使句式，本題中的連詞because后面引導(dǎo)的是一個原因狀語從句，說明前面是主句，這個主句由make+賓語從句構(gòu)成祈使句，所以要填入make的動詞原形。14. that。本題考察的是強調(diào)句型“It is/was.that/who.”。當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分是人的時候，可以使用who或者that，當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分不是人的時候，只能

40、使用that。15. that。本題考察的是強調(diào)句型“It is/was.that/who.”。被強調(diào)部分是not until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，故本空填that。16. speaking。本題考察的是固定句式“When it comes to.”意為“當(dāng)談及/提及/涉及”，其中的to是介詞，后面接名詞或者動名詞作賓語，因此，填入speak的動名詞形式。17. had。本題考查固定句式“no sooner than.”，意為“一就”；當(dāng)否定詞放在句首時，主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝形式。18. that。本題考查強調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式。本題強調(diào)的成分是原因狀語從句“because Jack came l

41、ate for school”。因此，應(yīng)該填入that。19. and。本題考查的是“祈使句+連詞+陳述句”的特殊句式。本句相當(dāng)于：If you give me a chance， Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 在變成條件句時，如果表示順承的結(jié)果，就使用連詞and。20. had caught。本題考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，當(dāng)表示與過去事實相反時，條件句要使用“過去完成式”，因此，本空填入had caught。21. who。本題考查省略句，know后接的完整的賓語從句是“who （has used my bike）”，括號內(nèi)的部分承接上句話省略掉，只保留

42、who。22. waiting。本題考查省略句，while后接的完整的讓步狀語從句是“while （I was ） waiting”。從句主語和主句主語一致，并且使用過去進行時，在此條件下可以省略I was， 只保留“while waiting”。23. tired。本題考查省略句，“Though”后接的完整的讓步狀語從句是“Though （they were ） tired”。從句主語和主句主語一致，并且使用過去進行時，在此條件下可以省略they were， 只保留“Though tired”。24. expecting。本題考查省略句，as if后接的完整的狀語從句是“as if （he

43、was ） expecting her to speak”。從句主語和主句主語一致，并且使用過去進行時，在此條件下可以省略he was， 只保留as if expecting her to speak。25. than。本題考查固定句式“no sooner than.”意為“一就”。因此，空白處應(yīng)該填入than。26. was。本題考查倒裝句。only置于句首修飾狀語從句時，主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句子時態(tài)是一般過去時，因此，空白處要填入was。27. So。本題考查倒裝句。sothat.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句并且置于句首時，so后面的部分用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子特點可以判定，空白處應(yīng)該填入so。28.

44、 Not only。本題考查了特殊句式“not onlybut also.”意為“不但而且”，其中but省略掉了。根據(jù)前面使用倒裝的形式可以判定，空白處應(yīng)該填入“Not only”。29. did。本題考查倒裝句式，not until置于句首引導(dǎo)時間狀語時，句子用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故填入did。30. sat。本句考查倒裝句式。表示方向和位置的副詞用在句子開頭，句子要倒裝；前一句話使用了一般過去式，所以此處也應(yīng)該填入sit的一般過去式。31. followed。本題考查倒裝句式。表示時間的副詞now或者then用在句子開頭，句子要倒裝；根據(jù)時間狀語then可知，此處應(yīng)該填入follow的一般過去式

45、。32. Call。本題考查特殊句式“祈使句+and+順承結(jié)果句”，所以，call需要使用原形，放在句子開頭，大寫第一個字母。33. that。本題考查特殊句式“sothat.”，意為“如此以至于”。34. as。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，句子應(yīng)倒裝。形式為：動詞/名詞/形容詞+as+句子的其他成分，意為“盡管，雖然”。35. So。在表示某人某種情況也適合另一個人時，肯定句用so+助動詞+主語；否定句用neither/nor+助動詞+主語；既有肯定又有否定，就如本題時，使用特殊句式：so+it is with +sb。36. couldnt have finished。本題考查虛擬語氣。前句使用了hadnt it been for的倒裝形式，實際是if it had not been for， 表示對過去的虛擬，由此可知，后面的finish相應(yīng)地也要使用對過去虛擬的形式couldnt have finished。37. when。本題考查特殊句式“hardlywhen.”， 意為“一就”。38. so。本題考查承上文省略的一種特殊形式，當(dāng)使用think，believe，suppose等詞表示“認(rèn)為、相信、猜想”時，可以用so指代上文提到的情況。39. If。本題考查省略句式。當(dāng)從句是“if it is +necessary/po