英語：Unit1 《A land of diversity》-Learning about language(新人教版選修8)課件

1、Unit 1A land of diversityUseful phraseslive onby means of in prehistoric timesin additiondie from a disease fight againstgain ones independencedeclare war onachieve ones dreammake a lifekeep up繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存借助在史前時(shí)期 此外，另外死于疾病對(duì)抗.獲得獨(dú)立向宣戰(zhàn) 實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲Learning about languageLanguage points 1. Ca

2、lifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國(guó)第三大洲，但是人口最多。(1) 對(duì)人口提問用what, 不用how many或 how much。Whats the population of the city? 這個(gè)城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)，但前有分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國(guó)人口比美國(guó)人口多。 80% o

3、f the population are farmers. 百分之80的人口是農(nóng)民。2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，It also has the distinction of being 意思是What it is known for is 前綴multi-是“多、多方面、多方想”的意思。如： multi-coloured (多色的), multi-racial (多種族的), multi-media (多媒體)

4、, multiparty (多黨制 ), multi-purpose (多種用途) 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. no one really knows 是主句, exactly when California是knows的賓語從句。what we California是賓語從句, 作介詞in的賓語。2) 辨析：likely, possible與probable possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；proba

5、ble比possible可能性稍大，有“較為可能、大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)；likely是從外表跡象判斷有可能發(fā)生的事。probable: 句型為 It is probable thatpossible: 句型為 Its possible (for sb.) to do sth. / Its possible thatlikely的主語可以是人，而possible與probable的主語不能是人。Ishelikelytowin? 他有可能獲勝嗎？Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能來, 但也不一定準(zhǔn)

6、來。 辨析：suffer與suffer from suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的區(qū)別：suffer 指一般的損害、痛苦等等, 其賓語為pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，自然災(zāi)害帶來的苦難及患病之意。 suffer the result / heavy losses / injuries承受結(jié)果/遭受大損失/負(fù)傷 suffer from headac

7、he / illness / war / the flood 遭受頭痛/疾病的困擾/戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)洪水 7. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. 16世紀(jì)早期, 西班牙士兵到達(dá)南美洲, 這時(shí)同土著人作斗爭(zhēng)并占領(lǐng)這片土地。 fight for “為事業(yè), 自由, 真理, 權(quán)利等而斗爭(zhēng)(戰(zhàn)斗)”fight against (可用with) the enemy “為反對(duì)而

8、斗爭(zhēng)”；接人和國(guó)家名詞， 意思是“與戰(zhàn)斗” fight with sb. 也可表示與某人并肩作戰(zhàn)辨析: fight against, fight for與fight with 8. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.1)句中Spanish前面有序數(shù)詞限定成分，故其后用不定式定語形式。She was the first woman to win the

9、Nobel Prize.the majority of后可用單數(shù)名詞, 也可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of 后面的名詞相一致。The majority of people prefer peace to war. The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 9. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.1) remain用作不及物動(dòng)詞, 意為 “剩下、留下、呆在

10、”, 相當(dāng)于stay。Whentheothershadgone,Joanremained(=stayed)tocleantheroom. stay通常指在某地呆一段時(shí)間而不離開, 暫時(shí)住在某地, 尤指賓客逗留；而remain指別人已經(jīng)走了,而某人仍在原地。1). He stayed at the hotel for three days. 2). Onlyafewleavesremained (=werestill)onthetree. 3). TheSmithsremainedthereall throughtheyear.4).Thesoldierswereorderedtoremain

11、wheretheywere.注意:“呆在那里”可以說remain/ staythere,但“呆在家里”只能stay(at)home。2)接形容詞作表語 Whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest.Theshopremainsopenuntil11atnight.3)接過去分詞作表語, 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如:Theyneverremainedsatisfiedwiththeirsuccesses.(表主語所處的狀態(tài))Theyremainedlockedintheroom. (已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作)4) 接現(xiàn)在分

12、詞作表語,表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如: Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading. (正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作) Theyremainedlistening.注意:remain作名詞時(shí),表示“剩余物”, 一般用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Theremainsofamealcanbegiventoapig.TheyfoundsomeremainsoftheTangDynasty.remaining是形容詞, 意為“剩余的”,常作前置定語; 而left則只能作后置定語。如:Thereareonly5booksleft.Heboughtmeagiftw

13、iththeremainingmoney.Learning about languageRevising useful structures從句一律保持陳述句語序。 主語從句Subject clause賓語從句Object clause表語從句Predicative clause同位語從句Appositive clause名詞從句名詞性從句基本結(jié)構(gòu):引導(dǎo)詞 + 從句(陳述句語序) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞成分, 在句中作主語、 賓語、表語或同位語。What I want to do is to go home immediately.I said that I want to go home immed

14、iately. My hope is that I want to home immediately.The fact that the earth goes around the sun is acceptable now.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分2. 賓語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分（ 可以作謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語）3. 表語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。4. 同位語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea, belief, fact, truth, problem, news等

15、)后面, 對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明。注意:suggest, advise, order, command, insist, require, request等動(dòng)詞常接含虛擬語氣的賓語從句: should + do。動(dòng)詞wish 后的賓語從句也用虛擬語氣。I wish I were a bird.I wish that I had met him yesterday. Exercise1. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when2. Energy is _ makes t

16、hings work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that3. Our city has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was itAAA4. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with t

17、he money we have saved.A. when B. where C. what D. that5. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.A. that B. where C. which D. whatDD6. It is no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon.A. that B. which C. whether D. what7. She is pleased with

18、 _ you have given her and all that you have told her.A. that B. what C. why D. whichAB8. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if9. _ surprised me most was that she didnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.A. What, where B. What, what C. That, where D. That, whatDA10. Sometimes we are asked _ we think the likely result of an action will be.A. that B. what C. which D. whether11. Nobody knows _ he mentioned that at the meeting.A. that B. why C. what D. whereBB12. There is no doubt _ my fr