英語答案校對和問答題參考答案

1、Unit3判斷題第一題和選擇題第一題（C選項）貌似矛盾。問答題：1、WhataresomeofthecharacteristicsoftheBritishconstitutionalmonarchyHowhastheEnglishmonarchyevolvedgraduallytothepresentconstitutionalmonarchyA:theofficialheadofstateisthemonarchywithtraditionalandsymbolicpower.Thegovernmentiselectedbypeopleandgovernsaccordingtothecons

2、titutionalprinciples.Inancienttimes,themonarchyruledthecountryaccordingtotheancientdoctrine“DivinerightofGod”.Atthattime,monarchyhadgreatpower.Inthemedievaltime,whentheKingsownwealthcouldntcoverroyalexpenses,hewouldtrytopersuadetheGreatCounciltogivehimsomeextramoney.Bythe13thcentury,KingswidentheGre

3、atCounciltoraisemoremoney.Inthisway,theGreatCouncilcametoincludewhoweresummonedbynameandrepresentativesofcommunities.Thepowerofparliamentbecamebiggerandbiggerovertime.Inthe17thcentury,theCivilWarbrokeoutwhichwasrootedinadisputeofthepoweroftheKingandParliament.TheroundheadsrepresentingtheParliamentde

4、featedtheroyalists.ButarestorationtothethronewasachievedbyCharlesHin1660.In1688,theKingagreedtodeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentisillegalintheGloriousRevolution.In1689,theBillofRightwaspassedbyparliamentwhichmakesuretheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoretheparliament.2、Howdidthedoctrineofthe“diviner

5、ightofking”,accordingtotheauthor,leadtotheCivilWarWhatdoyouknowabouttherevolutionofthe17thcenturyA:ItwasheldthatthesovereignderivedhisauthorityfromGodnotfromhissubjects.Sothesovereigncandowhateverhelikes.ButwiththeacquisitionofpowerofParliament,kingspowerwaslimited.TheCivilwarwasrootedinadisputeover

6、thepowerofthekingandparliament.thereweretworevolutionsof17thcentury:thecivilwarandthegloriousrevolution.ThecivilwarwasledbytheroundheadsthatrepresentingParliamentdefeatedtheroyalists.Theroundheadssucceededinoustingthemonarchy,CharlesI,in1642andruledfor18yearsbeforethemonarchy,CharlesII,wasrestored.T

7、hegloriousrevolutionhappenedin1688,whenthekingJamesIIalsotriedtogovernwithouttheconsentoftheparliament.LeadingpoliticiansandauthoritiesofthechurchaskJamesson-in-lawWilliamofOrange,toreplacehim.Inreturn,Williampromisedtheserepresentativesthathewilldeclarethatgoverningwithouttheparliamentconsenttobeil

8、legal.In1689parliamentpassedtheBillofRightthatthekingwouldneverbeabletoignoreparliament.3、WhatisthehistoryofEnglishparliamentWhatroledidtheparliamentplayinthecivilwarA:Thetermwasfirstusedofficiallyin1236todescribethegatheringoffeudalbaronsandrepresentativesfromcountiesandtownswhichthekingoccasionall

9、ysummonedifhewantedtoraisemoney.Bythe13thCentury,kingfoundtheycouldnotmaketheendsmeetbyaskingmoneyfromthisquitesmallgroup,andsotheywidenedtheGreatCounciltoincluderepresentativesofcounties,citiesandwasinthiswaythattheGreatCouncilcametoincludeboththosewhoweresummoned“byname”(theHouseofLords)andreprese

10、ntativesofcommunities(theHouseofCommons).ThetwohousesexisttodaycollectivelywecallthemtheParliament.Parliamentrepresentsthecommunity,havingnorealpoliticalright,andItwastheefforttoreasserttherightsofParliamentthatledtothecivilwar.4、DiscussthemajorcharacteristicsandthemaincontentofBritishconstitutionA:

11、IsraelandBritainaretheonlytwocountrieswithoutwrittenconstitutions.ThefoundationsofBritishConstitutionarelaidoutin:statutelawwhicharepassedbyParliament.thecommonlaw:lawswhichhavebeenwrittenthroughcommonpracticeincourts.conventions:rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegallybutareneverthelessregardedasvit

12、altotheworkingofgovernment.5、WhydoestheauthorsaythatparliamentissupremeintheBritishstateWhatfunctiondoesparliamenthaveWhatroledoestheQueen(king)andPrimeMinisterplayinBritishgovernmentA:parliamentcanchangethetermsofConstitutionandtherearenotlegalrestraintsuponit.First,Itpasslawswhichisthemostimportan

13、toneSecond,Itprovidesthemeansofcarryingontheworkofgovernmentbyvotingfortaxation.Third,Itscrutinizesgovernmentpolicy,administrationandexpenditureFourth,Itdebatesthemajorissuesoftheday.TheQueenistheheadofexecutives,anintegralpartofthelegislature,headofthejudiciary,commanderofchiefofthearmedforces,acon

14、fidantetotheprimeminister.theprimeministeristheleaderofthepartywhichwinsthemostsupportersintheCommons.Heformthegovernment.6、WhatkindofinstitutionisthehouseofLordsWhatroledoesitplayintheBritishgovernment.A:ThehouseofLordsismadeoftheLordsSpiritual（archbishopsandmostprominentbishopsofthechurchofEngland

15、）andtheLordsofTemporal（everyoneelse）peersspeakandvoteasindividualsinparliament,notasrepresentativesofthegreatinterestsofthecountry.BecausethehouseofLordsisapartoftheparliament,itmustagreetopassagivenlegislationbeforethelegislationisputintoeffect.（課本40頁第四段）Unit71、（1）Thepurposeofschoolistoprovidechild

16、renwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywilltobecomeactivemembersofsociety.ButthepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemisalsotosocializechildren.（2）開放題2、ThecontroversiesineducationsystemreflectthedeeperdivisionsinBritishsocietyasawhole.Britainisasocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant:classinequa

17、litycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.Ifyouunderstandtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass,youcanunderstandagreatdealaboutBritishcultureandsociety.3、（1）WhentheGermansbegandroppingbombsonBritishcities,750000schoolchildrenwere“evacuated”toliveinthecountrysidewhe

18、reitwashopedtheywouldbesafer.Schoolswereclosedorusedforwarpurposesandeducationcontinuedinthecountrysideonanhocbasis.（2）moreequality(3)TheresuItwasthe1944EducationActwhichmadeentrytosecondary(middle)schoolsanduniversities“meritocratic”.Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,wh

19、ichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools.Entranceexamswereabolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildren“compete”forplaces.4、Universities,reflectingthetrendthroughouttheeducationsystem,havetraditionallyvbeenratherelitist.Moststudentswerefromthemiddleclasses,attendedgoodschools,performedwellinth

20、eirA-levelsandreceivedafully-fundedplaceinauniversity.5、(1)TheopenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanregisterwithouthavinganyformaleducationalqualifications.Theyfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,co

21、rrespondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentres.(2)開放題Unit9TTFTTFFTTTCDBAACBCAAIII.readingnewspapersnational,dailyqualitytheGuardianthetabloidcensorshiptheBritishBroadcastingCorporationBBCOne;BBCTwoThetabloidsTheFinancialTimeTheOfficialSecretActFunctions,cultureIV.qualitypapersoneoft

22、hecategoriesofthenationaldailieswhichcarrymoreserious,in-deptharticlesofparticularpolitical,reviewsandfeaturearticlesabouthighculture.Theyarealsoreferredasthebroadsheetsandtheirreadersaregenerallyawell-educatedmiddleclassaudience.tabloidsasmallformatnewspaperswithcolorphotosandcatchyheadlines.Usuall

23、yinterestedinscandalsandgossipaboutfamouspeople.theTimesTheTimesbeganpublishingin1785anditistheUnitedKingdomsoldestdailynewspaper.BBCTheBritishBroadcastingCorporation.Foundedin1927asapublicserviceradiostationandlatermovedintelevision.ItsBritainmainpublicservicebroadcasterwhichhas2channels.QuestionsB

24、ecauseformostBritishpeople,mostdaybeginwithalookatthemorningnewspapers.Onanaverageday,90%ofBritonsovertheageof15readanationalorlocalpaper.Andintheevening,mostBritonssettledowntowatchsometelevision:96%ofthepopulationwatchTVatleastonceaweek.Theyprovidepeoplewithinformationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues

25、;provideweatherreports;carryadvertising;providepeopleaforumforpeopletoexpresstheirviewsorseekadvice.ButBritishmediaplayanimportantroleinengenderinganationalculture.Britishnewspapercultureisunusualintheextenttowhichclasseducationaldifferencesarereflectedinthenewspaperspeopleread.Althoughmostnewspaper

26、sarefinanciallyindependentofpoliticalparties,theyoftenexpressparticularpoliticalviewsandmostpeoplewillchoosetoreadanewspaperwhichaccordswiththeirownfellings.NewspaperreadinginAmericaisamainlymiddle-classhabit,butinBritainthe“l(fā)owerclasses”arealsoregulars.Thereisnoparticularstatecensorship,butmanyBrit

27、ishlawslimitthefreedomofthepress.ThemediasuchasjournalisalsoaffectedbytheOfficialSecretsActs,alegalactwhichstipulatesthatallgovernmentinformationiskeptsecretunlessthegovernmentsaysitcanbereleased.TheBBCisfundedbylicensefeesandviewersmustbuyalicenseeachyearfortheirTVset.BecausetheBBCisfundedbylicense

28、fees,therearetechnicallynocommercials,althoughbetweenshowstherearetrailersforupcomingshowsandpromotionsforproductsassociatedwiththeBBC.Unit10一判斷、選擇、填空校對判斷10.FP157ScotlandLine2(InIrelandScotland,NewYearsEve)填空4RoyalAscotP153Line3二問答Q1:FindsomeexamplesfromthetexttodemonstratehowChristianChurchhasinflu

29、encedthesportsandleisureactivitiesoftheBritish.A1:Example1:SundayisstillthedaythatmostpeoplehaveoffintheUKbecauseitisthedayoftheweekwheneveryonetraditionallywenttoChurch.Example2:TenniswasinventedinBritainanditowesitsorigins,literally,totheChurch.Churchrecordsindicatethatbythemid-15thcentury,peoplew

30、eremakingagameofbouncingaballoffthesideoftheirlocalchurchesorcathedrals,fisrtusingthehand,andlateraracquet.Q2:WhyiscricketveryEnglishWhydoestheauthorbelievethatcricketwasassociatedwithasetofEnglishvaluesA2:CricketwasoneoftheveryfirstteamsportsinBritaintohaveoragnisedrulesandtobeplayedaccordingtothes

31、amerulesnationally.Inthe19thcentury,cricketbecamea“snob”gameplayedbyboyswhoattendedpublicschools.AsgenerationsofpublicschoolboysgrewuptobecomethecivilservantsandrulersoftheUK,cricketbecameassociatedwithasetofEnglishvalues,inparticulartheideaof“fairplay”whichcharacterizedBritishgovernmentQ3:HowdotheB

32、ritishcelebrateChristmasInwhatwaydoesthisholidayandthewaysofcelebrationinBritainreflectWesternculturaltraditioningeneralandBritishtraditionsinparticularA3:FormancienttimestherearemanyCelticorpagantraditionssuchasdecoratingthehousewithevergreenplantslikehollyandivy,orkissing11underatwigofmistletoe.No

33、wadaysChristmasiscelebratedbyexchanginggiftsandChristmascards,preparingholidayfoodsanddecoratinghomesandworkplacesitscolouredlightsChristmastreesandornaments.TherearethreewaysthatareparticularlyBritish:oneistheChristmasPantomime.Itisacomicalmusicalplayusuallybasedonapopulartraditionalchildrensstory,

34、therearetwomaincharactersintheplay:themainmalecharacter,“theprincipalboy”,isplayedbyayoungwoman,and“theDame”,oftenanuglywoman,isplayedbyaman.AnotherBritishChristmastraditionistoheartheQueengiveherChristmasmessagetoherrealmoverthetelevisionandradio.Sheusuallytalksabouttheyearthathaspassedandexpresses

35、herhopesforthefuture.AthirdBritishtradition,whichisalsocelebratedincountrieswithBritishheritages,isBoxingDay,whichfallsonthedayafterChristmas.Traditionally,itwasonBoxingDaythatpeoplegaveChristmasgiftsormoneytotheirstafforservants.NowthatmostBritishpeopledonothaveservants,thiscustomisnolongerobserved

36、.However,anewBoxingDaycustomhasemerged,inthecitiesatleast:shopping.ShopsopenuptoselloffalltheirChristmasstockdecorations,food,cardsandgiftitemsatlowprices.Q4:InwhatwayaretheWelshpeopledifferentfromEngland,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandincelebratingtheirholidays書上木有答案Unit4Unit4判斷題第8題沒有在書中找到答案。選擇題沒有問題簡答題

37、whenthewarofindependencewasover,theunitedstateswasnotoneunifiednation.Eachnewstatehaditsowngovernmentandwasorganizedlikeanindependentnation.Eachmadeitsownlawsandhandledallofitsinternalaffairs.ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressorwitheachother.whentheCongressneededmoneytopaythenationalarmyortopay

38、debtsowedtoFranceandothernations,somestatesrefusedtocontribute.TheCongresshadbeennoauthoritytoforceanystatetodocouldnottaxanycitizen.Onlythestateinwhichacitizenlivedcoulddothat.itwasnecessary.ThefutureofAmericanwouldbeingrayiftherewerenotanychanges.Theycouldnotwintherespectofothernationsifthestatesd

39、idnotpaytheirdebts.Theycouldnotimprovethecountrybybuildingroadsorcanalsifthestateswouldnotworktogether.我相信不會考，你們相信我么。3.legislativebranch:themaindutyofthecongressistomakelaws,levyfederaltaxes,declarewarorputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.Executivebranch:Thepresident,thechiefformulatorofpublicpolicy,hasbro

40、adpowerstoissueregulationsanddirectives,andappointstheheadsandseniorofficialsoftheexecutivebranchagencies.Judicialbranch:theCourtsmostimportantfunctionconsistsofdeterminingwhethercongressionallegislationorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.Thechecksandbalance:ThebillpassedbyCongressshouldbesentt

41、othepresidentforhissignature.AndthepresidentcanvoteanybillpassedbyCongress,thevotecanalsobeoverriddeniftwo-thirdsofthemembersofbothhousesinCongressvoteinfavorofit.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytomaketreatieswithothernationsandtoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.Alls

42、uchtreatiesandcourtappointmentsaresubjecttoconfirmationbytheSenate.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudgesasvacanciesoccur,includingmembersoftheSupremeCourt.TheCourtcandeterminewhethertheexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitutionandhastherightofexamination.TheCongresscanremovethefederaljudgest

43、hroughtheprocessofimpeachmentandtrial,andtheSupremeCourthasthepowertodeclarethelawunconstitutionalpassedbytheCongressandthereforenolongerineffect.見圖示：Coiisresapprove?pridcnrhlirloilstLEGISLATIVEBRANCHnThePrwktenfExecuttwoflwf精rhepremiaix;EKECiitiveandcit-iK-ldepoit-menrs;independentgovernmentnoniiru

44、tions2ndcontrolsthebudget.Ltcanpjssknvsoverthepresidentsvctcandcaitimpeadithepresidentndreni-ov已irloilstLEGISLATIVEBRANCHnThePrwktenfExecuttwoflwf精rhepremiaix;EKECiitiveandcit-iK-ldepoit-menrs;independentgovernmentThepresidentanveroJUDICIALBKAOfTheCouns5u卩代muCcjrijCOJItSAppljDistrictcourts.agencies,

45、JUDICIALBKAOfTheCouns5u卩代muCcjrijCOJItSAppljDistrictcourts.agencies,4見名詞解釋5課后答案5Today,theunitedstateshastwomajorparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,whichisevolvedoutofThomasJeffersonsparty,formedbeforesymbolisdonkey.AndmostAmericansconsidertheDemocraticpartythemoreliberalthattheymeanDemocratsbelievethef

46、ederalgovernmentandthegovernmentsshouldbeactiveinprovidingsocialandeconomicprogramsforthosewhoneedthem.TheotherpartiystheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850sbypeopleinthestateoftheNorthandWest.ThesymbolofitisthecontrasttotheDemocraticParty,theRepublicansarenotnecessarilyopposedtosocialprograms,t

47、heybelievesuchprogramsaretoocostlytothetaxpayers.TheyplacemoreemphasisonprivateenterpriseandoftenaccusetheDemocratsofmakingtheAmericanstendtothinktherepublicanPartyasmoreconservative.拼寫錯誤敬請諒解！下U8EducationintheUS問答題WhatisthegoalofeducationintheUSP118Thegoalistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindi

48、vidualswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirownindividualwelfateaswellasthatofthegeneralpublic.HowdidAmericaneducationsystembegintodevelopP121WithinjustafewyearsafterthePuritansarrival,theytookstepstosetupasystemofeducationintheircolony:In1634,theyopeneda“l(fā)atingrammar”school.In1636,Ha

49、rvardCollegewasfoundedforthetrainingofreligiousministers.In1634and1638,thePuritanspassedlawsdeclaringthatallpropertycouldbetaxedforthecommengood,whichincludedthesupportofschools.In1642and1647,theBayGolonypassedlawsrequiringallparentstoprovidereadingeducationfortheirchildren.Thus,inlessthan20years,th

50、ePuritansintroducedcompulsoryeducationforallchildreninthe17thcentury.P122The10thAmendmentoftheConstitutionguaranteestherightofeachstatetoprovidefortheeducationofitspeople.In1954theSupremeCourtruleditisunconstitutionaltosegregateblacksintoseparateschool.P123(4*)MoreandmoreAmericansviewedtheuniversity

51、asthedoorwaytoamedicalorlawdegree,apositioningovernment,oramanagementpositioninamajorbusinessoffice.本人認為此題是開放題。Unit10Socialproblems選擇題、判斷題、填空題木有發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤。問答題：Americansocietyisastratifiedone,inwhichpower,wealth,andprestigeareunequallydistributedamongtheinequalityisnotsimplyamatterofdistinctionsbetweengend

52、erandsocialclasses;ittendstofollowracialandethniclinesaswell.Withtheresultthatclassdivisionsoftenparallelracialdivisions.Thefirstmalesettlersfrom“Anglo-Saxon”northwesternEuropequicklytookcontrolofeconomicassetsandpoliticalpowerintheUnitedStates,andtheyhavemaintainedthiscontrol,toagreaterorlesserdegr

53、ee,eversince.SuccessivewavesofimmigrantsfromotherpartsofEuropeandelsewhereintheworldhadtostrugglelongandhardtobecomeassimilatedintothemainstreamofAmericanwhoseethnicorracialcharacteristicsdiffermostmarkedlyfromthoseofthedominantgroupshavebeenexcludedbyformalandinformalbarriersfromfullparticipationin

54、Americanlife.3.Origin:Withinafewdecadesafter1619,AfricansweresoldasslavetotheUnitedStatesthroughmassiveslavetrade.Thewhitesoldthemlikecattleatauction.Theysufferedoppression,discrimination,anddenialofbasiccivilrightsandliberties.Development:TheNorthernstateshadalloutlawedslaveryby1830,butintheSouther

55、nstates,theslaverywasnotabolisheduntilthecivilwarin1863.Theinstitutionwasendedby13thAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.Butevenafterthat,wholesalediscriminationwaspracticedagainstblackAmericans.SegregationlawscontinuedtobeenforcedinSouthernstatesuntil1950s;intheNorththeinformalmethodswere1960ssawthegre

56、atcivilrightsmovement.Currentsituation:ThecurrentstatusofAfro-Americanspresentsamixedeliminationoflegalbarrierstotheiradvancementhasbeenamajorgain,butinstitutionalizeddiscriminationisstillrelationsbetweenblackandwhitestillleavemuchtobedesired,althoughthereisunmistakableevidenceofsomeimprovementsinat

57、titudes.(1)PovertyintheUnitedStatesdosenotsimplymeanthatthepoordonotlivequiteaswellasothercitizens.Itmeansmanyoldpeopleeatingdogandcatfoodtosupplementtheirdiets,malnutritionanddeprivationforhundredsofthousandsofchildren,greatersusceptibilitytodiseasetoalcoholism,tovictimizationbycriminalsandtomental

58、oftenmeansunstablemarriages,slumhousing,illiteracy,ignorance,inadequatemedicalfacilities,andshortenedlifecanmeanlowself-esteem,despair,andstuntingofhumanpotential.(2)BecausethecontinuedexistenceofpovertyinagenerallyaffluentAmericansocietyraiseseriousmoralquestionsandinevitablycreatesfierceconflictso

59、finterestandmanypoliticalcontroversies.(1)BecauseitisperceivedbymostAmericansasamajorthreattooursociety,particularlytoitsyoungermembers.(2)Becauseithasawiderangeofsocialcosts,ordysfunctions,likecrime,automobileaccidents,economiclossesandbadeffectsonindividuals.UnitUnit判斷題12課后答案是F,但是根據(jù)P21653條和P211第10

60、行，推斷答案是T選擇、填空沒錯。個人認為此單元的問答題都是開放題，不會考。1616下15判斷正誤4、5題沒在書上找到依據(jù)選擇10第248頁，第2段第2行、6行、倒數(shù)2行(可能題目有問題，也許是youcantsee)問答題1、2、3、5都是開放性問題4、Alaskaiscalledthe”lastgreatplace”becausemanygreatplacesonourplanethavebeenover-exploitedbyhumansforeconomicgains.Thisarea(ANWR)onthenorthAlaskancoastisrichinoilresourse.Thede