初中常見物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系框圖

1、常有物質(zhì)間的轉(zhuǎn)變1、鐵和鐵的化合物之間的轉(zhuǎn)變關(guān)系Fe3O4FeCl2FeCl3Fe(OH)23FeO24Fe+3O2+xH2O=2Fe2O3?xH2O3Fe2(SO4)34FeSO2Fe(OH)32FeO+233HOFe(OH)2FeO+HO2、四種酸之間轉(zhuǎn)變關(guān)系22HClHNOHOH3CCO2H2CO3H2SO4SO3SO2SCOH2SO3H2+Cl22HCl2SO+O22SO33、氧氣的實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取和氧氣的性質(zhì)CuOMgOAlO23H2O2Fe3O4KMnO4H2OKClO3P2O5COCO2SO24、銅和銅的化合物CuCl2CuCuOCu(OH)2CuSO4Cu(OH)2CuO+H2O5、

2、鎂和鎂的化合物MgCl2MggMgOMg(OH)2Mg(OH)2MgO+H2OMgSO46、鋁和鋁的化合物AlCl3Al23Al(OH)3AlO2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3HO2Al2(SO4)37、鈣的化合物間的轉(zhuǎn)變關(guān)系CaCO3CaOCa(OH)28、九種堿之間的轉(zhuǎn)變Ba(OH)2Cu(OH)2Fe(OH)3KOHAl(OH)3Ca(OH)2Mg(OH)2物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)變參照答案1、鐵和鐵的化合物之間的轉(zhuǎn)變關(guān)系3Fe+2O2Fe3O4Fe3O+4CO3Fe+4CO2或2FeO+C2Fe+CO42或Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O或Fe3O4+2C3Fe+2CO22、四種酸之間的轉(zhuǎn)變*4Fe+

3、3O2+xH2O2FeO?xHOC+O2CO2或C+2CuO2Cu+2CO2232Fe2O3+3CO2Fe+3CO2或3C+2Fe2O34Fe+3CO2或Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H2O2C+O22CO或2FeO+3C4Fe+3CO2CO+O22CO2232Fe232FeCl3+3H2O或CO+CuOCu+CO2O+6HClFe2324Fe243+3H2O或3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO2O+3HSO(SO)Fe(SO)+6NaOH2Fe(OH)+3NaSO22CO2433242Fe(OH)3+3H2SO4Fe2(SO4)3+6H2O2223CO+HOHCOFe(OH)+3HClFeCl+

4、3HO2322O332FeCl3+3NaOH2Fe(OH)3+3NaCl2H2O2H2+O2*2Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O2H2+O22H2O或H2+CuOCu+H2OFe+2HClFeCl2+H或3H2+Fe2O32Fe+3H2O2FeCl2+ZnFe+ZnCl2*H2+Cl22HCl或3FeCl2+2Al3Fe+2AlCl36HCl+2Al2AlCl3+3H2或FeCl2+MgFe+MgCl2或2HCl+MgMgCl2+H2FeSO4+ZnFe+ZnSO4或2HCl+FeFeCl2+H2或3FeSO+2Al3Fe+Al(SO)或2HCl+ZnMgCl2+H24243或FeSO+Mg

5、Fe+MgSO42HCl+Na2CO32NaCl+CO2+H2O4Fe+H2SO4FeSO4+H2或2HCl+CaCO3CaCl222+CO+HOFeO+H2SOFeSO4+H2OHCl+AgNO3AgCl+HNO34FeO+2HClFeCl+HO32332+H2O22FeCl2+2NaOHFe(OH)+2NaCl或2HNO+CaCO3Ca(NO3)2+CO2+H2O23Fe(OH)2+2HClFeCl2+H2OH2SO4+BaCl2BaSO4+2HCl4Fe(OH)224H2SO4+Na2CO3Na2SO4+CO2+H2OFeSO+2NaOH+NaSOFe(OH)2+HSOFeSO+2H2O

6、HSO+Ba(NO)2BaSO+2HNO32442434*Fe(OH)2FeO+H2OSO3+H2OH2SO4FeO+COFe+CO2*2SO2+O22SO3或FeO+HFe+HOS+O2222SOSO+HOHSO22232H2SO3+O22H2SO43、氧氣的實(shí)驗(yàn)室制取和氧氣的性質(zhì)2H2O22H2O+O22KMnOKMnO+MnO+O424222KClO32KCl+O22C+O22COC+O2CO2S+O2SO24P+5O22P2O52H2O2H2+O22H2+O22HO23Fe+2O2Fe3O44Al+3O22Al2O3(鋁不易銹蝕的原因)2Mg+O22MgO2Cu+O22CuO4、銅和銅

7、的化合物2Cu+O22CuOCuO+COCu+CO2或CuO+H2Cu+HO2或2CuO+C2Cu+CO2CuSO+FeCu+FeSO44或CuSO+ZnCu+ZnSO44或CuSO4+MgCu+MgSO4或3CuSO4+2Al3Cu+Al2(SO4)3CuCl2+FeCu+FeCl2或CuCl+ZnCu+ZnCl22或CuCl2+MgCu+MgCl2或3CuCl2+2Al3Cu+2AlCl3CuO+2HClCuCl2+H2OCuO+H2SO4CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+HSOCuSO4+2HO242CuSO4+2NaOHCu(OH)2+Na2SO4或CuSO+2KOHCu(OH)+KS

8、O4224CuSO4+Ba(OH)2Cu(OH)2+BaSO4*Cu(OH)2CuO+H2OCu(OH)2+2HClCuCl2+2H2OCuCl2+2NaOHCu(OH)2+2NaCl或CuCl2+2KOHCu(OH)+2KCl2或CuCl2+Ba(OH)2Cu(OH)2+BaCl2或CuCl2+Ca(OH)2Cu(OH)2+CaCl25、鎂和鎂的化合物2Mg+O22MgOMg+HClMgCl2+H2或Mg+CuCl2MgCl2+Cu或Mg+FeCl2MgCl2+Fe或Mg+ZnCl2MgCl2+Zn或3Mg+2AlCl33MgCl2+2AlMg+H2SO4MgSO4+H2或Mg+CuSO4M

9、gSO4+Cu或Mg+FeSO4MgSO4+Fe或Mg+ZnSO4MgSO4+Zn或3Mg+Al2(SO)33MgSO+2Al44MgO+H2SOMgSO+HO442MgO+2HClMgCl2+HO2MgCl2+2NaOHMg(OH)2+2NaCl或MgCl+2KOHMg(OH)+2KCl22或MgCl+Ba(OH)2Mg(OH)+BaCl222或MgCl2+Ca(OH)2Mg(OH)2+CaCl2Mg(OH)2+2HClMgCl2+2HO2*Mg(OH)22Ca(OH)2+CO2CaCO3+H2OMgO+HOMg(OH)224MgSO42或Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3CaCO3+2NaOH+

10、HSO+2HO42+Na24或Ca(OH)+KCOCaCO+2KOH22334224或Ca(OH)2+(NH4)2CO3CaCO3+2H2O+2NH3或MgSO+2KOHMg(OH)+KSO42Mg(OH)2+BaSO4CaCl+NaCOCaCO+2NaCl2233或CaCl2+K2CO3CaCO3+2KCl六、鋁和鋁的化合物4Al+3O22Al2O3(鋁不易銹蝕的原因)2Al+6HCl2AlCl3+3H2或2Al+3CuCl22AlCl3+3Cu或2Al+3FeCl22AlCl3+3Fe或2Al+3ZnCl22AlCl3+3Zn2Al+3H2SOAl2(SO)3+3H244或2Al+3CuS

11、O4Al(SO)3+3Cu24或2Al+3FeSO4Al2(SO4)3+3Fe或2Al+3ZnSO4Al2(SO4)3+3ZnAl2O+3H2SOAl2(SO)3+3HO3442Al2O3+6HCl2AlCl3+3H2OAlCl3+3NaOHAl(OH)3+3NaCl或AlCl3+3KOHAl(OH)3+3KCl或2AlCl3+3Ba(OH)22Al(OH)3+3BaCl2或2AlCl3+3Ca(OH)22Al(OH)3+3CaCl2Al(OH)3+3HClAlCl3+3H2O*2Al(OH)3Al2O+3HO322Al(OH)3+3H2SO4Al2(SO4)3+6H2OAl2(SO4)3+6

12、NaOH2Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4或CaCl2+(NH)COCaCO+2NHCl42334CaCO3+2HClCaCl2+H2O+CO2Ca(OH)2+2HClCaCl2+2H2O或Ca(OH)2+CuCl2CaCl2+Cu(OH)2或3Ca(OH)2+2FeCl33CaCl2+2Fe(OH)3或Ca(OH)+MgCl2CaCl2+Mg(OH)22或3Ca(OH)2+2AlCl33CaCl2+2Al(OH)3CaO+2HClCaCl2+HO2八、九種堿之間的轉(zhuǎn)變Ba(OH)+KCOBaSO+2KOH2233或Ba(OH)2+K2SOBaSO+2KOH44Ca(OH)+KCOCaCO+2K

13、OH2233Ba(OH)2+Na2SO4BaSO4+2NaOH或Ba(OH)+Na2COBaCO+2NaOH233Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3CaCO3+2NaOH2NaOH+CuCl2Cu(OH)2+2NaCl或2NaOH+CuSOCu(OH)+NaSO4224或2NaOH+Cu(NO3)2Cu(OH)2+2NaNO33NaOH+FeCl3Fe(OH)+3NaCl3或Al(SO)+6KOH2Al(OH)+或6NaOH+Fe2(SO4)32Fe(OH)+3Na2SO34243324或Al2(SO4)3+3Ba(OH)2或3NaOH+Fe(NO)Fe(OH)+3NaNO33333NaOH+AlC

14、l3Al(OH)3+3NaCl七、鈣的化合物間的轉(zhuǎn)變或6NaOH+Al2(SO4)32Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4CaCO32或3NaOH+Al(NO)Al(OH)+3NaNO3333CaO+HOCa(OH)22NaOH+MgCl2Mg(OH)2+2NaCl2或2NaOH+MgSOMg(OH)+NaSO4224或2NaOH+Mg(NO3)2Mg(OH)2+2NaNO3Ba(OH)+(NH)SOBaSO+2NH+2HO2424432或Ba(OH)2+(NH4)2CO3BaCO3+2NH3+2H2O或Ba(OH)2+2NHClBaCl2+2NH+2HO432或Ba(OH)2+2NH4NO3Ba(NO3)2+2NH3+2H2O2NaOH+(NH)SONaSO+2NH+2HO?4242432或2NaOH+(NH4)2CONa2CO+2NH+2HO3332或NaOH+NH4ClNaCl+NH3+H2O或NaOH+NH4NO3NaNO3+NH3+H2OCa(OH